978-62-1

Usage

Biological Activity

Inhibitor of I κ B kinase-2 (IKK-2, IKK- β ) that blocks NF- κ B nuclear translocation. Attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by decreasing expression of adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and P-selectin and inhibiting cytokine and chemokine production in cardiomyocytes. Induces G 0 /G 1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HMC-1? and breast cancer cells.

Biochem/physiol Actions

IMD-0354 acts as an inhibitor by inhibiting the phosphorylation of the NF-κB (nuclear factor) and its translocation into the nucleus. It blocks IκBα phosphorylation (IC50 ~ 250 nM). Cardioprotectant, that reduces IL-1β and MCP-1 production (IC50 < 1 μM) in cardiomyocytes. IMD-0354 affects angiogenesis, which has been observed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. It prevents tube formation and migration of the cells. In vivo studies also prove that IMD-0354 inhibits retinal vessel growth. IMD-0354 also acts as an inhibitor of Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) inhibitor (IC50 0.2μM) with no inhibitory potency to IKK-β. [4]

in vitro

imd-0354, at the concentration of less than 5 m, down-regulated the expression of nf-κb and blocked the translocation of nf-κb to the nucleus in hmc-1 cells. study from hmc-1 cells also showed that imd-0354 inhibited cell proliferation in a time and dose dependent manner. in addition, imd-0354 at the concentration of 0.5 μm inhibited the proliferation of ic-2g559 cells and ic-2v814 cells. this agent was also reported to arrest the cell cycle at the g0/g1 phase and decreased the ratio of cells in s and g2/m phases in hmc-1 cells. 1 μm imd-0354 was reported to decrease cyclin d3 expression and reduce prb phosphorylation level in a time-dependent manner in hmc-1 cells. [1]

in vivo

a study from lungs of ova-sensitized mice showed that 5 mg/kg imd-0354 significantly inhibited nf-κb, although the magnitude of inhibition is lower than that caused by 20 mg/kg imd-0354. 20 mg/kg imd-0354 ameliorated airway hyper-responsiveness and decreased the numbers of bronchial eosinophils and mucus-producing cells in ova-sensitized mice. in addition, the total numbers of cells and eosinophils was also reduced by imd-0354 in ova-sensitized mice. moreover, imd-0354 suppressed the production of th2 cytokines inclusing il-5, il-13 and eotaxin in the airways and/or lungs of ova-sensitized mice, whereas it did not alter the restoration of th1 cytokines under the same experimental conditions. [2]

IC 50

imd-0354 showed anti-tumor effect on seven hematologic malignancy cells with ic50 ranged from 0.1m to 0.6 m.

references

[1]tanaka a, konno m, muto s, kambe n, morii e, nakahata t, itai a and matsuda h. a novel nf-kappab inhibitor, imd-0354, suppresses neoplastic proliferation of human mast cells with constitutively activated c-kit receptors. blood. 2005 mar; 105(6): 2324-31. [2]sugita a, ogawa h, azuma m, muto s, honjo a, yanagawa h, nishioka y, tani k, itai a and sone s. antiallergic and anti-inflammatory effects of a novel i kappab kinase beta inhibitor, imd-0354, in a mouse model of allergic inflammation. int arch allergy immunol. 2009; 148(3): 186-98.[3]verstrepen l and beyaert r. receptor proximal kinases in nf-κb signaling as potential therapeutic targets in cancer and inflammation. biochem pharm. 2014; 92: 519-29.

InChI:InChI=1/C15H8ClF6NO2/c16-9-1-2-12(24)11(6-9)13(25)23-10-4-7(14(17,18)19)3-8(5-10)15(20,21)22/h1-6,24H,(H,23,25)

Upstream product

• 321-14-2 5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzoic acid 
• 15216-81-6 5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzoyl chloride 
• 328-74-5 3,5-Bis-(trifluoromethyl)aniline 
• 3438-16-2 5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid 

Downstream Products

• 634913-38-5 C₂₉H₂₁ClF₆NO₅P 
• 1401460-95-4 C₁₉H₁₅ClF₆N₄O₄*ClH 
• 1401507-21-8 C₁₉H₁₃ClF₆N₂O₅ 
• 1417795-55-1 C₂₄H₂₃ClF₆N₄O₆ 
• 1417795-75-5 C₂₃H₂₁ClF₆N₂O₅ 
• 1417658-08-2 C₁₅H₈ClF₆NOS 
• 1417658-05-9 2-benzyloxy-N-(3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-5-chlorobenzamide 
• 634913-37-4 C₁₅H₈ClF₆NO₅S 
• 634914-41-3 5-chloro-2-hydroxy-N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide sodium salt 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

SALICYLAMIDE DERIVATIVES AND RELATED METHODS OF MAKING

Certain embodiments describe antiviral compounds and related methods of using such compounds.

Structure-Activity Relationship Studies on Diversified Salicylamide Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Human Adenovirus Infection

The effective treatment of adenovirus (HAdV) infections in immunocompromised patients still poses great challenges. Herein, we reported our continued efforts to optimize a series of salicylamide derivatives as potent inhibitors of HAdV infection. Of these, nine compounds (11, 13, 14, 17, 20, 58, 60, 62, and 70) showed significantly improved anti-HAdV activities with nanomolar to submicromolar IC50 values and high selectivity indexes (SI > 100), indicating better safety windows, compared to those of the lead compound niclosamide. Our mechanistic assays suggest that compounds 13, 62, and 70 exert their activities in the HAdV entry pathway, while compounds 14 and 60 likely target the HAdV DNA replication, and 11, 17, 20, and 58 inhibit later steps after DNA replication. Given the broad anti-viral activity profile of niclosamide, these derivatives may also offer therapeutic potential for other viral infections.

Discovery and Structure Relationships of Salicylanilide Derivatives as Potent, Non-acidic P2X1 Receptor Antagonists

Antagonists for the ATP-gated ion channel receptor P2X1 have potential as antithrombotics and for treating hyperactive bladder and inflammation. In this study, salicylanilide derivatives were synthesized based on a screening hit. P2X1 antagonistic potency was assessed in 1321N1 astrocytoma cells stably transfected with the human P2X1 receptor by measuring inhibition of the ATP-induced calcium influx. Structure-activity relationships were analyzed, and selectivity versus other P2X receptor subtypes was assessed. The most potent compounds, N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzamide (1, IC50 0.0192 μM) and N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-chloro-2-hydroxybenzamide (14, IC50 0.0231 μM), displayed >500-fold selectivity versus P2X2 and P2X3, and 10-fold selectivity versus P2X4 and P2X7 receptors, and inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation. They behaved as negative allosteric modulators, and molecular modeling studies suggested an extracellular binding site. Besides selective P2X1 antagonists, compounds with ancillary P2X4 and/or P2X7 receptor inhibition were discovered. These compounds represent the first potent, non-acidic, allosteric P2X1 receptor antagonists reported to date.

SAR optimization studies on modified salicylamides as a potential treatment for acute myeloid leukemia through inhibition of the CREB pathway

Disruption of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB) provides a potential new strategy to address acute leukemia, a disease associated with poor prognosis, and for which conventional treatment options often carry a significant risk of morbidity and mortality. We describe the structure-activity relationships (SAR) for a series of XX-650-23 derived from naphthol AS-E phosphate that disrupts binding and activation of CREB by the CREB-binding protein (CBP). Through the development of this series, we identified several salicylamides that are potent inhibitors of acute leukemia cell viability through inhibition of CREB-CBP interaction. Among them, a biphenyl salicylamide, compound 71, was identified as a potent inhibitor of CREB-CBP interaction with improved physicochemical properties relative to previously described derivatives of naphthol AS-E phosphate.

2-Hydroxy-N-Phenylbenzamides and their esters inhibit acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase

The development of novel inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) represents a viable approach to alleviate Alzheimer’s disease. Thirty-six halogenated 2-hydroxy-N-phenylbenzamides (salicylanilides) with various substitution patterns and their esters with phosphorus-based acids were synthesized in yields of 72% to 92% and characterized. They were evaluated for in vitro inhibition of AChE from electric eel and BuChE from equine serum using modified Ellman’s spectrophotometric method. The benzamides exhibited a moderate inhibition of AChE with IC50 values in a narrow concentration range from 33.1 to 85.8 μM. IC50 values for BuChE were higher (53.5–228.4 μM). The majority of derivatives inhibit AChE more efficiently than BuChE and are comparable or superior to rivastigmine—an established cholinesterases inhibitor used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Phosphorus-based esters especially improved the activity against BuChE with 5-chloro-2-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}phenyl diethyl phosphite 5c superiority (IC50 = 2.4 μM). This derivative was also the most selective inhibitor of BuChE. It caused a mixed inhibition of both cholinesterases and acted as a pseudo-irreversible inhibitor. Several structure-activity relationships were identified, e.g., favouring esters and benzamides obtained from 5-halogenosalicylic acids and polyhalogenated anilines. Both 2-hydroxy-N-phenylbenzamides and esters share convenient physicochemical properties for blood-brain-barrier penetration and thus central nervous system delivery.

Novel salicylanilides from 4,5-dihalogenated salicylic acids: Synthesis, antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity

Salicylanilides have proved their activity against tuberculosis (TB). One weak electron-withdrawing substituent is favored at the salicylic part, specially Cl or Br atoms at positions 4 or 5. On the other hand, the antimycobacterial activity of salicylanilides is negatively affected when a strong electron-withdrawing substituent ([sbnd]NO2) is present at the same positions. Herein we describe the synthesis and characterization of novel salicylanilides possessing two weak electron-withdrawing groups (halogen atoms) at their salicylic part and compare their antitubercular activity with their monohalogenated analogues. All dihalogenated derivatives proved to possess antitubercular activity at a very narrow micromolar range (MIC?=?1–4?μM), similar with their most active monohalogenated analogues. More importantly, the most active final molecules were further screened against multidrug resistant strains and found to inhibit their growth at the range of 0.5–4?μM.

2-HYDROXYARYLAMIDE DERIVATIVE OR PHARMACEUTICALLY ACCEPTABLE SALT THEREOF, PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION FOR PREVENTING OR TREATING CANCER CONTAINING SAME AS ACTIVE INGREDIENT

The present invention relates to a 2-hydroxyarylamide derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a preparation method thereof, and a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating cancer comprising the same as an active ingredient. The 2-hydroxyarylamide derivative prepared by the present invention is excellent in the inhibition of the activity of TMPRSS4 serine protease and the suppression of the infiltration of TMPRSS4-expressed cancer cells, and thus can be useful as a composition for preventing or treating cancer by inhibiting TMPRSS4 over-expressed in cancer cells, particularly, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, or stomach cancer cells.

Structure-activity relationships of antitubercular salicylanilides consistent with disruption of the proton gradient via proton shuttling

A series of salicylanilides was synthesized based on a high-throughput screening hit against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A free phenolic hydroxyl on the salicylic acid moeity is required for activity, and the structure-activity relationship of the aniline ring is largely driven by the presence of electron withdrawing groups. We synthesized 94 analogs exploring substitutions of both rings and the linker region in this series and we have identified multiple compounds with low micromolar potency. Unfortunately, cytotoxicity in a murine macrophage cell line trends with antimicrobial activity, suggesting a similar mechanism of action. We propose that salicylanilides function as proton shuttles that kill cells by destroying the cellular proton gradient, limiting their utility as potential therapeutics.

Discovery of novel 2-hydroxydiarylamide derivatives as TMPRSS4 inhibitors

TMPRSS4 is a novel type II transmembrane serine protease that has been implicated in the invasion and metastasis of colon cancer cells. In this study, a novel series of 2-hydroxydiarylamide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for inhibiting TMPRSS4 serine protease activity and suppressing cancer cell invasion. These derivatives demonstrated good inhibitory activity against TMPRSS4 serine protease, which correlated with the promising anti-invasive activity of colon cancer cells overexpressing TMPRSS4.

Method of use of pharmaceutical formulations for the treatment of apicomplexan diseases in animals

The present invention is directed to the method of use of effective pharmaceutical formulations for the treatment of diseases caused by apicomplexan parasites, said formulation comprised of a salicylanilide or salicylanilide derivative, disclosed herein,