98191-23-2

Upstream product

• 100-39-0 benzyl bromide 
• 2163-48-6 diethyl propylmalonate 
• 100-44-7 benzyl chloride 
• 109-52-4 valeric acid 
• 98190-97-7 diethyl 2-benzyl-2-propylmalonate 

Downstream Products

• 137685-75-7 2-Benzyl-pentanoic acid (6-amino-2,4-dioxo-1,3-dipropyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-pyrimidin-5-yl)-amide 
• 823805-29-4 (2S)-2-benzyl-pentan-1-ol 
• 63095-51-2 (+)-(R)-4-propyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Synthesis and olfactory evaluation of optically active β-alkyl substituted γ-lactones and whiskey lactone analogues

Optically active β-alkyl substituted γ-lactones and whiskey lactone analogues were synthesized, and the odor properties were evaluated. During the preparation of the chiral intermediates, we found good reaction conditions for the highly enantioselective esterification of 3-arylmethyl-2-methyl-1-propanols to kinetically resolve them. The results of the olfactory evaluations of the synthesized lactones revealed that the alkyl groups on the γ-lactone rings played an important role for the odor profiles.

Pentanoic acid derivatives

Formula (I) compounds: wherein R1 is alkyl substituted by fluorine(s); R2 is hydroxy, alkoxy, alkoxy substituted by phenyl, NR3R4, in which R3, R4 is (i) hydrogen, (ii) alkyl, (iii) phenyl, (iv) phenyl substituted by alkoxy or carboxyl, (v) heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen atom, (vi) alkyl substituted by phenyl, phenyl subsituted by alkoxy or carboxyl, heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen atom, (vii) the nitrogen bonded to R3 and R4, taken together is a saturated heterocyclic ring or amino acid residue; and non-toxic salts and acid addition salts thereof. Also, Formula (X) compounds: wherein n is 0 or 1, R11 is hydrogen and chlorine, R5 is R7—CH2— or R8, or R5 and R11, taken together is alkylidene; R6 is hydroxy, alkoxy, alkoxy substituted by phenyl, NR9R10, in which R9, R10 is (i) hydrogen, (ii) alkyl, (iii) phenyl, (iv) phenyl substituted by alkoxy or carboxyl, (v) heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen atom, (vi) alkyl substituted by phenyl, phenyl-substituted by alkoxy or carboxyl, heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen atom, (vii) the nitrogen bonded to R9 and R10, taken together is a saturated heterocyclic ring or amino acid residue, R7 is (i) F—(CH2)m— or F3C—CH2—, (ii) alkyl subsstituted by chlorine, (iii) alkyl substituted by alkoxy, cycloalkyl, phenyl, phenoxy; R8 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, cycloalkyl, phenyl, phenoxy. Non-toxic and acid addition salts thereof are useful to prevent and/or treat neurodegenerative disease (e.g., Alzheimer's) and neuronal dysfunction by stroke or traumatic injury (e.g., Multiple sclerosis).

XANTHINE DERIVATIVES AS ADENOSINE A1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS

A method of attenuating a cognitive deficit in a patient in need thereof comprising administering to the patient a xanthine derivative.

Anticonvulsant and neurotoxic activities of twelve analogues of valproic acid.

Twelve racemic analogues of the antiepileptic drug valproic acid (VPA) were tested and compared with VPA for anticonvulsant activity by the subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) seizure threshold test and for neurotoxicity by the rotorod test. Four compounds produced maximal anticonvulsant activity (100% protection) in equimolar doses (1.5 mmol/kg) to VPA and two compounds showed a similar effect with lower doses (1.0 mmol/kg). Four compounds produced lower activity (38-80% protection), and two compounds showed no anticonvulsant activity at the dose used (1.5 mmol/kg). Two of the 12 compounds, (+/-)-2-n-propyl-4-hexynoic acid (11) and (+/-)-4-methyl-2-n-propyl-4-pentenoic acid (12), showed no sedation at doses that produced the maximum anticonvulsant effect. For the first time we succeeded to develop two compounds with higher protective index and safety ratios than VPA. Compound 11 had a longer duration of action and higher protective index but a lower safety ratio than 12. Comparisons of the anticonvulsant and minimal neurotoxic effects of these compounds with their calculated lipophilicity (C log P) revealed that compounds with the desired high anticonvulsant activity and minimal neurotoxicity showed C log P values between 1.84 and 2.64 and had nine carbon atoms (in contrast to eight carbon atoms for VPA).

Selective adenosine receptor agents

Xanthine derivative which act selectively at adenosine receptors and which act in general as adenosine antagonists are disclosed. From in vitro studies it is known that specific physiological effects can be distinguished as a result of this selectively and that adenosine receptor activity in vitro correlates with adenosine receptor activity in vivo.Pharmaceutical preparations of the subject compounds can be prepared on the basis of the selective binding activity of the compounds disclosed herein which will enhance certain physiological effects while minimizing others, such as decreasing blood pressure without decreasing heart rate.