MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
Chlorine Dioxide

This MSDS is supplied by PureLine Treatment Systems as a service to clients.

SECTION 1 ?? CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION

PureLine Treatment Systems
25612 Commercentre Drive
Lake Forest, CA 92630
Phone: (949) 716-4615
Fax: (949) 716-4645

Product Name: Chlorine dioxide
Major Update: 3/27/00 Minor Revision: 07/15/04
CAS#: 10049-04-4 MSDS Code: PureLine ?? Chlorine Dioxide
Product Use: Pulp bleaching; water treatment; disinfection

Chlorine dioxide is manufactured by the user as required for use on-site.

Equipment and/or raw materials used in its manufacture are made or supplied by
PureLine Treatment Systems.

Emergency Contact:
CHEMTREC 800-424-9300 (US/N America) -
703-527-3887 (outside US-collect calls accepted)


SECTION 2 ?? COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS

Hazardous Ingredient(s) % (w/w) ACGIH CAS NO.

Chlorine dioxide 0 to 5 Vol% 0.1 ppm - TWA 10049-04-4
in Air 0.3 ppm - STEL

WHMIS CLASSIFICATION(S): C (Oxidizing Material)
D1B (Toxic)
E (Corrosive Material)
F (Dangerously Reactive)
CHLORINE DIOXIDE PureLine MSDS


SECTION 3 ?? HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

EMERGENCY OVERVIEW: A greenish-yellow gas with a pungent odor similar
to chlorine. STRONG OXIDIZER. Gas and solutions are severe respiratory
irritants. May cause pulmonary edema, which may be delayed in onset. ClO2
gas partial pressures above 10 volume % can decompose spontaneously with a
corresponding pressure pulse or ??puff??. Decomposes on exposure to sunlight or
UV. CORROSIVE to the eyes and skin. Can cause damage to vegetation.
Read the entire MSDS for a more thorough evaluation of the hazards.

Potential Health Effects:

General: Chlorine dioxide normally exists as a gas at room temperature and the
most important route of exposure is inhalation, followed by eye and skin
exposures.

Inhalation: Severe respiratory irritant. May cause bronchospasm and
pulmonary edema, which may be delayed in onset. May also cause severe
headaches. All symptoms may be delayed and long lasting. Long term
exposure may cause chronic bronchitis. An LC50 value of 500 ppm/15m3 (rat) is
quoted in the literature.

Skin Contact: Gas and solutions are highly irritant.

Skin Absorption: May be absorbed, causing tissue and blood cell damage.

Eye Contact: Severe irritant. Exposure may cause visual disturbance, i.e.,
seeing halos around lights.

Ingestion: Not applicable except for solutions, in which case the symptoms
would be expected to parallel those for inhalation.

Existing Medical Conditions Possibly Aggravated By Exposure: Asthma,
bronchitis, emphysema and other lung diseases and chronic nose, sinus or
throat, and cardiac conditions.

Exposure Limits: ACGIH 1992-93: TWA 0.1 ppm, STEL 0.3 ppm (0.9 mg/m3).

Irritancy: Severe irritant.

Sensitization: No information is available.
Carcinogenicity: Not listed by IARC or ACGIH.
Mutagenicity: Information not available.
Reproductive Effects: Information not available.
CHLORINE DIOXIDE PureLine MSDS


Teratogenicity and Fetotoxicity: Information not available.
Synergistic Materials: May have synergistic effects in conjunction with chlorine,
other chlorine oxides and chlorine fluorine compounds.

SECTION 4 ?? FIRST AID MEASURES

Inhalation: Move the victim to fresh air. If breathing is stopped, commence
artificial respiration. Apply artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Induce
artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve
or other proper respiratory medical device. Give Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
(CPR) if there is no pulse AND no breathing. Symptoms of pulmonary edema can
be delayed up to 48 hours after exposure. Obtain medical attention
IMMEDIATELY.
Skin Contact: Wash immediately using soap or mild detergent and water.
Eye Contact: Flush immediately with plenty of lukewarm water. Continue to
wash for ten (10) minutes, lifting eyelids occasionally. Get medical attention.
Ingestion: DO NOT GIVE ANYTHING BY MOUTH OR INDUCE VOMITING IF
THE PATIENT IS UNCONSCIOUS. Give large amounts of water to dilute
stomach contents. Get medical attention.
Note to Physicians: Following exposure the patient should be kept under
medical review for at least 48 hours as delayed pulmonary edema may occur.

SECTION 5 ?? FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES

Not applicable.
Flash Point & Method
Not applicable. See Section 5.
Flammable Limits (Lower)
Not applicable. See Section 5.
Flammable Limits (Upper)
Not applicable. See Section 5.
Auto Ignition Temperature
Chlorine dioxide gas may decompose
Conditions of Flammability
autocatalytically with a pink/violet flame
which may ignite combustible materials.
This flame can be extinguished by
diluting/cooling with air. Chlorine dioxide
does not require air for it to burn.
Chlorine, oxygen, and hydrochloric acid.
Hazardous Combustion Products
Not applicable.
Sensitivity to Mechanical Impact
Sensitive to electrical discharge or flame.
Static Discharge Sensitivity

Fire and Explosion Hazards:

Extinguishing Media: When combustibles are burning in the presence of
chlorine dioxide (or other strong oxidizers) water is the only effective
extinguishing medium.
CHLORINE DIOXIDE PureLine MSDS


Fire Fighting Procedures: Apply water from as far a distance as possible, in
flooding quantities as a spray or fog. Remove all flammable and combustible
materials from the vicinity, especially oil and grease. Use water with caution.

Fire Fighting Protective Equipment: Use eye protection and impermeable
gloves. Use of contact lenses should not be permitted when potentially exposed
to this material. Persons in the vicinity of chlorine dioxide gas or solutions should
carry a respirator suitable for escape purposes at all times, in case of accidental
release of significant amounts of gas.

SECTION 6 ?? ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

Spills, Leaks, or Releases: Chlorine dioxide and its aqueous solutions should
not be discharged to the general environment. Treating a small chlorine dioxide
solution spill with a dilute sodium sulfite or sodium thiosulfate solution is
recommended. Treating a spill with sodium hydroxide will convert chlorine
dioxide to chlorate and chlorite, stopping release of gas in 15-20 minutes.
PROPER PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT SHOULD BE WORN PRIO TO TREATMENT.

Deactivating Chemicals: Sodium sulfite or sodium thiosulfate solutions; sodium
hydroxide. See Incompatibles in Section 10.

SECTION 7 ?? HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling: Equipment manufacturer??s recommendations for design, operation
and maintenance of chlorine dioxide generation equipment must be followed.
Take all precautions to avoid personal contact. Prevent the release of gas into
workplace air. Always ensure adequate ventilation in handling areas. Locate
safety shower and eyewash station close to chemical handling area. Keep away
from incompatibles, heat, sparks, flames and other ignition sources. Locate
safety shower and eyewash station fairly close to chemical handling area.

Storage Requirements: Chlorine dioxide gas is not stored. Solutions can be
stored in light-proof FRP, polypropylene or polyethylene tanks at concentrations
below 8 g/L. These tanks should be provided with adequate air-sweep to ensure
that explosive concentrations of chlorine dioxide do not build up.

SECTION 8 ?? EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION

PREVENTIVE MEASURES:

Recommendations listed in this section indicate the type of equipment
which will provide protection against over exposure to this product.
Conditions of use, adequacy of engineering or other control measures, and
CHLORINE DIOXIDE PureLine MSDS


actual exposures will dictate the need for specific protective devices at
your workplace.

Engineering Controls: Good ventilation should be provided, so that chlorine
dioxide levels are maintained below the TLV at all times.

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT:

Protective Equipment: Use eye protection and impermeable gloves. Use of
contact lenses should not be permitted when potentially exposed to this material.
Persons in the vicinity of chlorine dioxide gas or solutions should carry a
respirator suitable for escape purposes at all times, in case of accidental release
of significant amounts of gas.

Eye Protection: Use full face-shield and chemical safety goggles when there is
potential for contact. Maintain eye wash fountain and quick-drench facilities in
work area.

Skin Protection: If contact with gas is possible, then use chemical protective
gloves, coveralls, boots and/or other resistant protective clothing. Have a safety
shower/eye-wash fountain readily available in the immediate work area. Some
operations may require the use of a chemical protective full-body encapsulating
suit and respiratory protection.

EXPOSURE GUIDELINES:

Chlorine Dioxide (100%)
0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3)
ACGIH Time Weighted Average (TLV-TWA) :
0.3 ppm (0.9 mg/m3)
ACGIH Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL)


SECTION 9 ?? PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Gas at normal temperatures.
Normally used dissolved in aqueous
State
solution in water
Chlorine Peroxide; ??ClO2??
Alternate Name(s)
Chlorine Dioxide
Chemical Name
Inorganic Compound
Chemical Family
ClO2
Molecular Formula
67.45
Molecular Weight
Gas: Greenish-yellow;
Appearance
Solution: Pale to bright yellow
Similar to chlorine or ozone.
Odor
Characteristic smell very evident at
Odor Threshold
0.2 -1 ppm.
CHLORINE DIOXIDE PureLine MSDS


Not applicable
pH
Not available
Coefficient of Water/Oil Distribution
Not applicable
Vapor Pressure
2.4 (air = 1)
Vapor Density (Air = 1)
(for 100% ClO2)
11??
Boiling Point
-59??
Freezing Point
8 g/L @ 15??C
Solubility (Water)
(practical limit for stable solution)
Not applicable
Bulk Density
Not applicable
Specific Gravity
Not applicable
Evaporation Rate

SECTION 10 ?? STABILITY AND REACTIVITY

Hazardous Decomposition Products: Chlorine (Cl2), oxygen (O2), and
hydrochloric acid (HCl).

Chemical Stability: Chlorine dioxide is a reactive, unstable gas. At ClO2 partial
pressures above about 76 mm Hg (10 Vol%) in air it can decompose
spontaneously with a corresponding pressure pulse or ??puff?? that may be more
violent and explosive at higher ClO2 partial pressures. At partial pressures above
190 mm Hg, explosion relief may be inadequate and rupture of the vessel may
occur. These explosions can ignite combustible materials.

Incompatibility with other Substances: Chlorine dioxide is a powerful
oxidizing agent that is incompatible with combustible materials, oxidizable
organic vapors, hydrogen sulfide, or metallic dusts. Fire may occur.

Reactivity Conditions: Highly reactive on contact with incompatible materials
and will decompose upon exposure to sunlight, ultraviolet light, or heat.

Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur.

SECTION 11 ?? TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

TOXICOLOGICAL DATA :

Product: Chlorine dioxide LD50 LC50
292 mg/kg Not Available
(rat, oral)

Mutagenicity: No human data available.

Reproductive Effects: No human data available.
CHLORINE DIOXIDE PureLine MSDS


Teratogenicity and Fetotoxicity: No evidence

SECTION 12 ?? ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Ecotoxicological Information: No data available.

Persistence and Degradation: No data available. No expected persistence.

SECTION 13 ?? DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS

Review federal, state and local government requirements prior to disposal.

WASTE CONTROL PROCEDURES: Contained plant-settling ponds or drains
containing organic matter will normally provide an environment in which residual
chlorine dioxide will be reduced to harmless compounds quickly.

Do not dispose of waste with normal garbage, or to sewer systems.

Whatever cannot be saved for recovery or recycling, including containers should
be managed in an appropriate and approved waste disposal facility. Processing,
use or contamination of this product may change the waste management
options.

RCRA: Test waste material for corrosivity, D002, prior to disposal.

SECTION 14 ?? TRANSPORT INFORMATION

DOT
Not Applicable - - shipment
Shipping Name
FORBIDDEN
Hazard
-----------------
Class/Division
-----------------
Identification No.
Packing Group:

SHIPPING INFORMATION: Chlorine dioxide may not be shipped as gas or
solution.

SECTION 15 ?? REGULATORY INFORMATION

USA CLASSIFICATION:

Other Regulations/Legislation which apply to this product:
TSCA Status: Y
CHLORINE DIOXIDE PureLine MSDS


SARA Regulations sections 313 and 40 CFR 372:
CERCLA Section 103 (40CFR302.4): N
SARA Section 302 (40CFR355.3): N
SARA Section 304: (40CFR355.4): N
SARA Section 313: (40CFR372.65): N
OSHA Process Safety (29CFR1910.119): Y 1000 lbs TQ
California Proposition: N

SARA Hazard categories:
Acute Hazard: Y
Chronic Hazard: N
Fire Hazard: Y
Reactivity Hazard: Y
Sudden Release Hazard: Y

Other Regulations/Legislation which apply to this product:

WHMIS CLASSIFICATION (S): C (Oxidizing Material)
D1B (Toxic)
E (Corrosive Material)
F (Dangerously Reactive)

SECTION 16 ?? OTHER INFORMATION

The information contained herein is offered only as a guide to the handling
of this specific material and has been prepared in good faith by technically
knowledgeable personnel. It is not intended to be all-inclusive and the
manner and conditions of use and handling may involve other and
additional considerations. No warranty of any kind is given or implied and
PURELINE TREATMENT SYSTEMS will not be liable for any damages,
losses, injuries or consequential damages that may result from the use of
or reliance on any information contained herein. This Material Safety Data
Sheet is valid for three years.

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Rating
Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS) Rating

4 = Extreme/Severe
NFPA HMIS
3 = High/Serious
HEALTH 3 2 = Moderate
FIRE 3 1 = Slight
0 = Minimum
REACTIVITY 3
W = Water Reactive
CHLORINE DIOXIDE PureLine MSDS


REFERENCES:


PREPARATION INFORMATION:

For further information contact:
Chenniah Nanjundiah
PureLine Treatment Systems
(949) 716-4615, ext. 29

SIGNATURE: Dave Perry
DATED: June 21, 2004


PureLine Treatment Systems assumes no responsibility for injury to or death of
the recipient of this material or third persons, or for any loss or damage,
howsoever caused and the user, owner, and their respective employees and
agents assume all such risks if reasonable safety procedures are not adhered to.

In addition, PureLine Treatment Systems assumes no responsibility for injury to
or death of the recipient of this material or third persons, or for any loss or
damage to any property, or for any consequential damage resulting from any
abnormal use or theft of the material and the user, owner, and their respective
employees and agents assume all such risks even when caused by negligence,
omission, default or error in judgment of PureLine Treatment Systems or its
agents or servants.

Each recipient should carefully review the information, data and
recommendations in the specific context of the intended use.


Chlorine dioxide