Risk Codes

Chemical data sheets available in many countries now contain codes for certain "risk phrases", shown as R23, R45 etc.
These risk phrase codes have the following meanings:

R1

Explosive when dry. 干燥时易爆。

R2

Risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other source of ignition. 受冲击、摩擦、着火或其他引燃源有爆炸危险。

R3

Extreme risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other sources of ignition. 受冲击、摩擦、着火或其他引燃源有极高爆炸危险。

R4

Forms very sensitive explosive metallic compounds. 生成极敏感的爆炸性金属化合物。

R5

Heating may cause an explosion. 受热可能引起爆炸。

R6

Explosive with or without contact with air.极容易爆炸。

R7

May cause fire. 可能引起火灾。

R8

Contact with combustible material may cause fire. 与可燃物料接触可能引起火灾。

R9

Explosive when mixed with combustible material. 与可燃物料混合有爆炸性。

R10

Flammable. 易燃。

R11

Highly flammable. 高度易燃。

R12

Extremely flammable. 极度易燃。

R13

Extremely flammable liquefied gas 极度易燃的液化气体。

R14

Reacts violently with water. 遇水反应剧烈。

R15

Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases. 遇水释放极易燃烧的气体。

R16

Explosive when mixed with oxidizing substances. 与氧化性物质混合有爆炸性。

R17

Spontaneously flammable in air. 在空气中可自燃。

R18

In use, may form inflammable/explosive vapour-air mixture. 使用时可能产生易燃易爆的蒸汽-空气混合物。

R19

May form explosive peroxides. 可能生成爆炸性过氧化物。

R20

Harmful by inhalation. 吸入有害。

R21

Harmful in contact with skin. 与皮肤接触有害。

R22

Harmful if swallowed. 吞食有害。

R23

Toxic by inhalation. 吸入有毒。

R24

Toxic in contact with skin. 与皮肤接触有毒。

R25

Toxic if swallowed. 吞食有毒。

R26

Very toxic by inhalation. 吸入有极高毒性。

R27

Very toxic in contact with skin. 与皮肤接触有极高毒性。

R28

Very toxic if swallowed. 吞食有极高毒性。

R29

Contact with water liberates toxic gas. 遇水释放有毒气体。

R30

Can become highly flammable in use. 使用中高度易燃。

R31

Contact with acids liberates toxic gas. 遇酸释放有毒气体。

R32

Contact with acid liberates very toxic gas. 与酸接触释放极高毒性气体。

R33

Danger of cumulative effects. 有累积效应的危险品。

R34

Causes burns. 引起灼伤。

R35

Causes severe burns. 引起严重灼伤。

R36

Irritating to eyes. 刺激眼睛。

R37

Irritating to respiratory system. 刺激呼吸系统。

R38

Irritating to skin. 刺激皮肤。

R39

Danger of very serious irreversible effects. 有极严重的不可逆后果的危险品。

R40

Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect. 少数报道有致癌后果。

R41

Risk of serious damage to the eyes. 对眼睛有严重伤害。

R42

May cause sensitization by inhalation. 吸入可能致敏。

R43

May cause sensitization by skin contact. 与皮肤接触可能致敏。

R44

Risk of explosion if heated under confinement. 密闭加热有爆炸危险。

R45

May cause cancer. 可能致癌。

R46

May cause heritable genetic damage. 可能引起遗传性基因损害。

R47

May cause birth defects 可能引起胎儿缺陷。

R48

Danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure. 长期接触严重危害健康。

R49

May cause cancer by inhalation. 吸入可能致癌。

R50

Very toxic to aquatic organisms. 对水生生物有极高毒性。

R51

Toxic to aquatic organisms. 对水生生物有毒。

R52

Harmful to aquatic organisms. 对水生生物有害。

R53

May cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. 可能对水体环境产生长期不良影响。

R54

Toxic to flora. 对植物有毒。

R55

Toxic to fauna. 对动物有毒。

R56

Toxic to soil organisms. 对土壤生物有毒。

R57

Toxic to bees. 对蜂类有毒。

R58

May cause long-term adverse effects in the environment. 可能对环境产生长期不良影响。

R59

Dangerous to the ozone layer. 对臭氧层有危害。

R60

May impair fertility. 可能损害生育能力。

R61

May cause harm to the unborn child. 可能对胎儿造成伤害。

R62

Risk of impaired fertility. 有损害生育能力的危险。

R63

Possible risk of harm to the unborn child. 可能有对胎儿造成伤害的危险。

R64

May cause harm to breastfed babies. 可能对哺乳期婴儿造成伤害。

R65

Harmful: may cause lung damage if swallowed. 吞食可能造成肺部损伤。

R66

Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking. 长期接触可能引起皮肤干裂。

R67

Vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness. 蒸汽可能引起困倦和眩晕。

R68

Possible risk of irreversible effects. 可能有不可逆后果的危险。

R20/21

Harmful by inhalation and in contact with skin. 吸入及皮肤接触有害。

R20/21/22

Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. 吸入、皮肤接触及吞食有害。

R20/22

Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed. 吸入及吞食有害。

R21/22

Harmful in contact with skin and if swallowed. 皮肤接触及吞食有害。

R23/24/25

Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. 吸入、皮肤接触及吞食有毒。

R23/25

Toxic by inhalation and if swallowed. 吸入及吞食有毒。

R26/27/28

Very toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. 吸入、皮肤接触及吞食有极高毒性。

R26/28

Very toxic by inhalation and if swallowed. 吸入及吞食有极高毒性。

R36/37

Irritating to eyes and respiratory system. 刺激眼睛和呼吸系统。

R36/37/38

Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. 刺激眼睛、呼吸系统和皮肤。

R36/38

Irritating to eyes and skin. 刺激眼睛和皮肤。

R37/38

Irritating to respiratory system and skin. 刺激呼吸系统和皮肤。

R42/43

May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact. 吸入及皮肤接触可能致敏。

R48/22

Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure if swallowed. 吞食长期接触严重危害健康。

R50/53

Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. 　对水生生物有极高毒性，可能对水体环境产生长期不良影响。

R51/53

Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. 　对水生生物有毒，可能对水体环境产生长期不良影响。

R52/53

Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. 　对水生生物有害，可能对水体环境产生长期不良影响。