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L-Carnosine is a dipeptide composed of β-alanine and L-histidine, found in various tissues such as rat olfactory bulb, skeletal muscle, brain, kidney, and spleen, as well as human skeletal muscle. It exhibits diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-aging, and anti-neoplastic properties. L-Carnosine has strong oxidant properties, as it can scavenge both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). It acts as a cytosolic buffering agent, a regulator of macrophage function, and a metal chelator that forms complexes with copper, cobalt, nickel, cadmium, or zinc.

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  • 305-84-0 Structure
  • Basic information

    1. Product Name: L-Carnosine
    2. Synonyms: H-BETA-ALA-HIS-OH;L-IGNOTINE;L-BETA-ALANINE HISTIDINE;L-CARNOSINE;B-ALANYL-L-HISTIDINE;BETA-A-H;BETA-ALANYL-L-HISTIDINE;BETA-ALA-L-HIS
    3. CAS NO:305-84-0
    4. Molecular Formula: C9H14N4O3
    5. Molecular Weight: 226.23
    6. EINECS: 206-169-9
    7. Product Categories: Amino Acid Derivatives;Amino Acids;chiral;Nutritional Supplements;amino;API
    8. Mol File: 305-84-0.mol
    9. Article Data: 18
  • Chemical Properties

    1. Melting Point: 253 °C (dec.)(lit.)
    2. Boiling Point: 367.84°C (rough estimate)
    3. Flash Point: 263.3 °C
    4. Appearance: White/crystalline
    5. Density: 1.2673 (rough estimate)
    6. Vapor Pressure: 0mmHg at 25°C
    7. Refractive Index: 21 ° (C=2, H2O)
    8. Storage Temp.: 2-8°C
    9. Solubility: DMSO (Very Slightly), Water (Slightly)
    10. PKA: 2.62(at 25℃)
    11. Water Solubility: almost transparency
    12. Stability: Stable, but may be heat sensitive - store cold. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
    13. Merck: 14,1850
    14. BRN: 87671
    15. CAS DataBase Reference: L-Carnosine(CAS DataBase Reference)
    16. NIST Chemistry Reference: L-Carnosine(305-84-0)
    17. EPA Substance Registry System: L-Carnosine(305-84-0)
  • Safety Data

    1. Hazard Codes: Xn
    2. Statements: 20/21/22-36/37/38
    3. Safety Statements: 24/25-36-26
    4. WGK Germany: 2
    5. RTECS: MS3080000
    6. F: 3-10
    7. TSCA: Yes
    8. HazardClass: N/A
    9. PackingGroup: N/A
    10. Hazardous Substances Data: 305-84-0(Hazardous Substances Data)

305-84-0 Usage

Uses

Used in Pharmaceutical Applications:
L-Carnosine is used as an antioxidant for its ability to prevent cellular damage due to free radical activity. It is also used as an anti-aging agent, as it can help prevent or treat complications of diabetes, such as nerve damage, eye disorders (cataracts), and kidney problems. Additionally, L-Carnosine has potential therapeutic actions in antihypertensive effects, immunomodulation, wound healing, and antitumor/chemopreventive effects.
Used in Cosmetic Applications:
L-Carnosine is used as an anti-aging agent in cosmetics for its ability to improve skin condition and reduce the appearance of aging.
Used in Dietary Supplements:
L-Carnosine is used as a dietary supplement to reduce plasma levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in diabetic rats, as well as to reduce brain edema, blood-brain barrier disruption, microglial activation, and neuronal apoptosis in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage.
Used in Medical Applications:
L-Carnosine is used as a treatment for gastritis, gastric ulcers, and dyspepsia symptoms when combined with zinc ions, as it has been used in Japan for these conditions. It is also used to reduce hepatic protein carbonylation and necrosis in a rat model of cirrhosis induced by bile duct ligation, as well as to reduce lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and TNF-α and IL-6 levels, as well as alveolar hemorrhage, interstitial edema, and pulmonary leukocyte infiltration in a mouse model of LPS-induced lung injury.

Reference

P. J. Quinn, A. A. Boldyrev, V. E. Formazuyk, Carnosine: Its properties, functions and potential therapeutic applications, Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 1992, vol. 13, pp. 379-444 https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1038/carnosine G. M. Halpern, Zinc-Carnosine: Nature’s Safe and Effective Remedy for Ulcers, 2005, ISBN-10 0757002749

benefits

L-Carnosine is a strong anti-glycosylation, free radical scavenging,anti-oxidant,anti-aging, anti-pollution.Brightenand repairthe skin. white powder.Its recommended dosage is 0.05~2%.

Synthesis Reference(s)

The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 48, p. 392, 1983 DOI: 10.1021/jo00151a026

Flammability and Explosibility

Notclassified

Biochem/physiol Actions

L-Carosine is a dipeptide found at millimolar concentration in brain, muscle and the lens of the eye. In model systems it is a potent antioxidant that scavenges oxygen free radicals and transition metal ions. It blocks protein-protein and protein-DNA cross-links induced by hypochlorite anions and toxic aldehydes such as acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, and malondialdehyde, the primary product of lipid peroxidation. It also inhibits nonenzymatic protein glycation induced by aldose and ketose reducing sugars and inhibits the formation of toxic advanced glycation end products (AGE). These activities make it of interest in studies of aging, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer′s disease, and the secondary effects of diabetes.

Safety Profile

Mildly toxic by intraperitoneal route. An experimental teratogen. Other experimental reproductive effects. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.

Purification Methods

Likely impurities are histidine and β-alanine. Crystallise L-carnosine from water by adding EtOH in excess. Recrystallise it from aqueous EtOH by slow addition of EtOH to a strong aqueous solution of the dipeptide. Its solubility in H2O is 33.3% at 25o. [Vinick & Jung J Org Chem 48 392 1983, Turner J Am Chem Soc 75 2388 1953, Sifford & du Vigneaud J Biol Chem 108 753 1935, Beilstein 25 H 516, 25 I 717, 25 II 408.]

Check Digit Verification of cas no

The CAS Registry Mumber 305-84-0 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 3,0 and 5 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 8 and 4 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 305-84:
(5*3)+(4*0)+(3*5)+(2*8)+(1*4)=50
50 % 10 = 0
So 305-84-0 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C9H14N4O3/c10-2-1-8(14)13-7(9(15)16)3-6-4-11-5-12-6/h4-5,7H,1-3,10H2,(H,11,12)(H,13,14)(H,15,16)/t7-/m0/s1

305-84-0 Well-known Company Product Price

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  • TCI America

  • (A0222)  β-Alanyl-L-histidine  >98.0%(HPLC)(T)

  • 305-84-0

  • 1g

  • 150.00CNY

  • Detail
  • TCI America

  • (A0222)  β-Alanyl-L-histidine  >98.0%(HPLC)(T)

  • 305-84-0

  • 5g

  • 445.00CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma

  • (C9625)  L-Carnosine  ~99%, crystalline

  • 305-84-0

  • C9625-10MG

  • 221.13CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma

  • (C9625)  L-Carnosine  ~99%, crystalline

  • 305-84-0

  • C9625-5G

  • 976.95CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma

  • (C9625)  L-Carnosine  ~99%, crystalline

  • 305-84-0

  • C9625-25G

  • 3,670.29CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma

  • (C9625)  L-Carnosine  ~99%, crystalline

  • 305-84-0

  • C9625-100G

  • 12,530.70CNY

  • Detail

305-84-0SDS

SAFETY DATA SHEETS

According to Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) - Sixth revised edition

Version: 1.0

Creation Date: Aug 13, 2017

Revision Date: Aug 13, 2017

1.Identification

1.1 GHS Product identifier

Product name carnosine

1.2 Other means of identification

Product number -
Other names n-2-m

1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use

Identified uses For industry use only.
Uses advised against no data available

1.4 Supplier's details

1.5 Emergency phone number

Emergency phone number -
Service hours Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm (Standard time zone: UTC/GMT +8 hours).

More Details:305-84-0 SDS

305-84-0Synthetic route

3-(tert-butyloxycarbonylamino)propionic acid
3303-84-2

3-(tert-butyloxycarbonylamino)propionic acid

N-9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl-N-trityl-L-histidine

N-9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl-N-trityl-L-histidine

carnosine
305-84-0

carnosine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: N-9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl-N-trityl-L-histidine With trityl chloride polystyrene resin; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In dichloromethane; N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 0.5h; trityl chloride resin;
Stage #2: With piperazine In dichloromethane; N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 1h; trityl chloride resin; Inert atmosphere;
Stage #3: 3-(tert-butyloxycarbonylamino)propionic acid Further stages;
90%
3-aminopropanamide hydrochloride
64017-81-8

3-aminopropanamide hydrochloride

L-histidine
71-00-1

L-histidine

carnosine
305-84-0

carnosine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With recombinant β-aminopeptidase BapA from Sphingosinicella xenopeptidilytica 3-2W4 at 37℃; pH=10; Kinetics; Reagent/catalyst; pH-value; aq. buffer; Enzymatic reaction;53%
3-aminopropanamide hydrochloride
64017-81-8

3-aminopropanamide hydrochloride

L-histidine methyl ester dihydrochloride
7389-87-9

L-histidine methyl ester dihydrochloride

A

3-(3-Amino-propionylamino)-propionic acid
2140-53-6

3-(3-Amino-propionylamino)-propionic acid

B

H-(β-Ala)3-NH2
1246364-63-5

H-(β-Ala)3-NH2

C

H-β-Ala-β-Ala-L-His-OH
1246364-64-6

H-β-Ala-β-Ala-L-His-OH

D

H-β-Ala-β-Ala-NH2

H-β-Ala-β-Ala-NH2

E

carnosine
305-84-0

carnosine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With recombinant β-aminopeptidase DmpA from Ochrobactrum anthropi LMG7991 at 37℃; for 2h; pH=10; aq. buffer; Enzymatic reaction;
β-alanine p-nitroanilide hydrobromide
111196-17-9

β-alanine p-nitroanilide hydrobromide

L-histidine
71-00-1

L-histidine

carnosine
305-84-0

carnosine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With recombinant β-aminopeptidase BapA from Sphingosinicella xenopeptidilytica 3-2W4 at 37℃; pH=10; Kinetics; Reagent/catalyst; pH-value; aq. buffer; Enzymatic reaction;
L-carnosine methyl ester

L-carnosine methyl ester

carnosine
305-84-0

carnosine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With water; sodium hydroxide at 95℃; for 0.116667h; pH=12; aq. buffer;
Smoc-β-alanine

Smoc-β-alanine

L-histidine
71-00-1

L-histidine

carnosine
305-84-0

carnosine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 1-hydroxy-pyrrolidine-2,5-dione; N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N-ethylcarbodiimide In water; acetonitrile at 4℃; for 0.2h; pH=7.5; Reagent/catalyst; Solvent; pH-value;
4-(((L-histidyl)oxy)methyl)-N,N,N-trimethylbenzenaminium

4-(((L-histidyl)oxy)methyl)-N,N,N-trimethylbenzenaminium

Smoc-β-alanine

Smoc-β-alanine

carnosine
305-84-0

carnosine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: 4-(((L-histidyl)oxy)methyl)-N,N,N-trimethylbenzenaminium; Smoc-β-alanine With 1-hydroxy-pyrrolidine-2,5-dione; N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N-ethylcarbodiimide In water; isopropyl alcohol for 0.25h; pH=7.5;
Stage #2: With piperazine In water; isopropyl alcohol
methanol
67-56-1

methanol

carnosine
305-84-0

carnosine

methyl (2S)-2-[(3-aminopropanoyl)amino]-3-(4H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoate hydrochloride

methyl (2S)-2-[(3-aminopropanoyl)amino]-3-(4H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoate hydrochloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With thionyl chloride for 1h; Reflux;100%
zinc(II) acetate dihydrate
5970-45-6

zinc(II) acetate dihydrate

carnosine
305-84-0

carnosine

polaprezinc

polaprezinc

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With water; sodium hydroxide In methanol at 25 - 60℃; for 3h; Solvent;99.7%
With sodium hydroxide In water at 23 - 83℃; for 3h; Solvent; Temperature;96.8%
di-tert-butyl dicarbonate
24424-99-5

di-tert-butyl dicarbonate

carnosine
305-84-0

carnosine

(S)-3-(1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-2-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)propanamido)propanoic acid
405520-71-0

(S)-3-(1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-2-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)propanamido)propanoic acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: di-tert-butyl dicarbonate; carnosine With sodium hydroxide In 1,3-dioxane; water at 0 - 20℃; Inert atmosphere;
Stage #2: With potassium dihydrogenphosphate In 1,3-dioxane; water
76%
carnosine
305-84-0

carnosine

A

monoiodocarnosine
68808-73-1

monoiodocarnosine

B

diiodocarnosine
39740-49-3

diiodocarnosine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide; iodine In ethanol for 1.5h;A 72%
B n/a
C59H90N4O7

C59H90N4O7

carnosine
305-84-0

carnosine

C64H99N7O7

C64H99N7O7

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: carnosine With sodium hydrogencarbonate In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 0.5h;
Stage #2: C59H90N4O7 In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide
68%
carnosine
305-84-0

carnosine

2A,3A-mannoepoxide-β-cyclodextrin

2A,3A-mannoepoxide-β-cyclodextrin

(2AS,3AR)-3A-[(3-{[(1S)-1-carboxy-2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]amino}-3-oxopropyl)amino]-3A-deoxy-β-cyclodextrin

(2AS,3AR)-3A-[(3-{[(1S)-1-carboxy-2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]amino}-3-oxopropyl)amino]-3A-deoxy-β-cyclodextrin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydrogencarbonate at 60℃; for 12h;30%
carnosine
305-84-0

carnosine

L-5-sulfanylcarnosine

L-5-sulfanylcarnosine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride; N-Bromosuccinimide; tiolacetic acid In water at 0℃; for 1h;14%
carnosine
305-84-0

carnosine

(S)-2-(3-Hydroxy-propionylamino)-3-(3H-imidazol-4-yl)-propionic acid
125347-29-7

(S)-2-(3-Hydroxy-propionylamino)-3-(3H-imidazol-4-yl)-propionic acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride; sodium nitrite In water for 24h; Ambient temperature;100 % Spectr.
4-isothiocyanatobenzene sulfonamide
51908-29-3

4-isothiocyanatobenzene sulfonamide

carnosine
305-84-0

carnosine

4-sulfamoylphenylthiourea-β-alanylhistidine

4-sulfamoylphenylthiourea-β-alanylhistidine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In acetone Heating;
(E)-4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal
75899-68-2

(E)-4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal

carnosine
305-84-0

carnosine

A

(E)-(S)-2-(1-Hydroxy-hexyl)-8-oxo-1,5,9,13-tetraaza-bicyclo[10.2.1]pentadeca-4,12(15),13-triene-10-carboxylic acid

(E)-(S)-2-(1-Hydroxy-hexyl)-8-oxo-1,5,9,13-tetraaza-bicyclo[10.2.1]pentadeca-4,12(15),13-triene-10-carboxylic acid

B

N-(2-hydroxy-5-pentyltetrahydrofuran-yl)carnosine

N-(2-hydroxy-5-pentyltetrahydrofuran-yl)carnosine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In phosphate buffer at 37℃; pH=7.4; Product distribution; Michael addition;
acrolein
107-02-8

acrolein

carnosine
305-84-0

carnosine

A

(E)-(S)-8-Oxo-1,5,9,13-tetraaza-bicyclo[10.2.1]pentadeca-4,12(15),13-triene-10-carboxylic acid

(E)-(S)-8-Oxo-1,5,9,13-tetraaza-bicyclo[10.2.1]pentadeca-4,12(15),13-triene-10-carboxylic acid

B

3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-2-[3-(3-oxo-propylamino)-propionylamino]-propionic acid

3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-2-[3-(3-oxo-propylamino)-propionylamino]-propionic acid

C

2-(3-amino-propionylamino)-3-[1-(3-oxo-propyl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl]-propionic acid

2-(3-amino-propionylamino)-3-[1-(3-oxo-propyl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl]-propionic acid

D

(E)-(S)-10-Carboxy-8-oxo-13-(3-oxo-propyl)-1,5,9-triaza-13-azonia-bicyclo[10.2.1]pentadeca-4,12(15),13-triene

(E)-(S)-10-Carboxy-8-oxo-13-(3-oxo-propyl)-1,5,9-triaza-13-azonia-bicyclo[10.2.1]pentadeca-4,12(15),13-triene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In phosphate buffer at 37℃; pH=7.4; Product distribution; Further Variations:; Reaction partners; time dependence;
copper(II) nitrate

copper(II) nitrate

carnosine
305-84-0

carnosine

A

Cu(2+)*N2C3H3CH2CH(COO)NCOCH2CH2NH2(2-)={Cu(N2C3H3CH2CH(COO)NCOCH2CH2NH2)}

Cu(2+)*N2C3H3CH2CH(COO)NCOCH2CH2NH2(2-)={Cu(N2C3H3CH2CH(COO)NCOCH2CH2NH2)}

B

2Cu(2+)*N2C3H3CH2CH(CO2)NCOCH2CH2NH2(2-)={Cu2(N2C3H3CH2CH(COO)NCOCH2CH2NH2)}(2+)

2Cu(2+)*N2C3H3CH2CH(CO2)NCOCH2CH2NH2(2-)={Cu2(N2C3H3CH2CH(COO)NCOCH2CH2NH2)}(2+)

C

Cu(2+)*N2C3H3CH2CH(COOH)NHCOCH2CH2NH2={Cu(N2C3H3CH2CH(COOH)NHCOCH2CH2NH2)}(2+)

Cu(2+)*N2C3H3CH2CH(COOH)NHCOCH2CH2NH2={Cu(N2C3H3CH2CH(COOH)NHCOCH2CH2NH2)}(2+)

D

Cu(2+)*N2C3H3CH2CH(COO)NHCOCH2CH2NH2(1-)={Cu(N2C3H3CH2CH(COO)NHCOCH2CH2NH2)}(1+)

Cu(2+)*N2C3H3CH2CH(COO)NHCOCH2CH2NH2(1-)={Cu(N2C3H3CH2CH(COO)NHCOCH2CH2NH2)}(1+)

{Cu2(N2C3H3CH2CH(COO)NCOCH2CH2NH2)2}

{Cu2(N2C3H3CH2CH(COO)NCOCH2CH2NH2)2}

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium nitrate In water reaction of copper nitrate and l-carnosine in water at 25°C in presence of KNO3 at different pH (3-8) and metal-ligand ratios;; not isolated; detn. by UV;;
1-{4-[(4-aminobutylaminooxy)methyl]-2,3-dichlorophenyl}-2-methylenebutan-1-one
1284258-81-6

1-{4-[(4-aminobutylaminooxy)methyl]-2,3-dichlorophenyl}-2-methylenebutan-1-one

carnosine
305-84-0

carnosine

C26H34Cl2N6O5
1284260-28-1

C26H34Cl2N6O5

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With O-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In dimethyl sulfoxide Inert atmosphere;
carnosine
305-84-0

carnosine

(S)-S-((R)-2-acetamido-3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-2-(3-aminopropanamido)-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanethioate dihydrochloride

(S)-S-((R)-2-acetamido-3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-2-(3-aminopropanamido)-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanethioate dihydrochloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps
1: sodium hydroxide / 1,3-dioxane; water / 0 - 20 °C / Inert atmosphere
2: triethylamine; 2,4,6-tripropyl-1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatriphosphinane-2,4,6-trioxide / tetrahydrofuran; ethyl acetate / 20 °C / Inert atmosphere
3: hydrogenchloride / 1,3-dioxane / 20 °C / Inert atmosphere
View Scheme
carnosine
305-84-0

carnosine

tert-butyl 5-((S)-3-((R)-2-acetamido-3-amino-3-oxopropylthio)-2-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)propanamido)-3-oxopropyl)-1H-imidazole-1-carboxylate
1538576-75-8

tert-butyl 5-((S)-3-((R)-2-acetamido-3-amino-3-oxopropylthio)-2-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)propanamido)-3-oxopropyl)-1H-imidazole-1-carboxylate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: sodium hydroxide / 1,3-dioxane; water / 0 - 20 °C / Inert atmosphere
2: triethylamine; 2,4,6-tripropyl-1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatriphosphinane-2,4,6-trioxide / tetrahydrofuran; ethyl acetate / 20 °C / Inert atmosphere
View Scheme
carnosine
305-84-0

carnosine

(R)-methyl 2-acetamido-3-(((S)-2-(3-aminopropanamido)-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl)thio)propanoate dihydrochloride

(R)-methyl 2-acetamido-3-(((S)-2-(3-aminopropanamido)-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl)thio)propanoate dihydrochloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps
1: sodium hydroxide / 1,3-dioxane; water / 0 - 20 °C / Inert atmosphere
2: benzotriazol-1-ol; dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide / ethyl acetate / 0 - 20 °C / Inert atmosphere
3: hydrogenchloride / 1,3-dioxane / 20 °C
View Scheme
carnosine
305-84-0

carnosine

5-[2-(2-acetylamino-2-methoxycarbonylethylsulfanylcarbonyl)-2-(3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-propionylamino)ethyl]imidazole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
1538576-76-9

5-[2-(2-acetylamino-2-methoxycarbonylethylsulfanylcarbonyl)-2-(3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-propionylamino)ethyl]imidazole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: sodium hydroxide / 1,3-dioxane; water / 0 - 20 °C / Inert atmosphere
2: benzotriazol-1-ol; dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide / ethyl acetate / 0 - 20 °C / Inert atmosphere
View Scheme
carnosine
305-84-0

carnosine

2-oxopropanal
78-98-8

2-oxopropanal

C22H29N8O6(1+)

C22H29N8O6(1+)

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In aq. phosphate buffer at 37℃; pH=7.4;
Glyoxal
131543-46-9

Glyoxal

carnosine
305-84-0

carnosine

A

C11H14N4O4

C11H14N4O4

B

C22H28N8O8

C22H28N8O8

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In aq. phosphate buffer at 37℃; pH=7.4;
malondialdehyde tetrabutylammonium salt
100683-54-3

malondialdehyde tetrabutylammonium salt

carnosine
305-84-0

carnosine

C12H16N4O4

C12H16N4O4

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In aq. phosphate buffer at 37℃; pH=7.4;
4-hydroxynon-2-enal
850480-50-1

4-hydroxynon-2-enal

carnosine
305-84-0

carnosine

A

C18H28N4O4

C18H28N4O4

B

N-(2-hydroxy-5-pentyltetrahydrofuran-yl)carnosine

N-(2-hydroxy-5-pentyltetrahydrofuran-yl)carnosine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In aq. phosphate buffer at 37℃; pH=7.4;
zinc(II) acetate dihydrate
5970-45-6

zinc(II) acetate dihydrate

carnosine
305-84-0

carnosine

zinc L-carnosine
107667-60-7

zinc L-carnosine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide In methanol at 50 - 60℃; for 1h; Temperature;12.8 g
carnosine
305-84-0

carnosine

C9H14N4O3(18)O

C9H14N4O3(18)O

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With copper(II) sulfate; ascorbic acid; oxygen-18 In aq. phosphate buffer at 20℃; for 0.0833333h; pH=7.2; Solvent;
carnosine
305-84-0

carnosine

C9H14N4O4

C9H14N4O4

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With oxygen; copper(II) sulfate; ascorbic acid In aq. phosphate buffer at 20℃; for 0.5h; pH=7.2; Solvent;

305-84-0Relevant articles and documents

Molecular identification of carnosine synthase as ATP-grasp domain-containing protein 1 (ATPGD1)

Drozak, Jakub,Veiga-da-Cunha, Maria,Vertommen, Didier,Stroobant, Vincent,Van Schaftingen, Emile

, p. 9346 - 9356 (2010)

Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) and homocarnosine (γ-aminobutyryl-L-histidine) are abundant dipeptides in skeletal muscle and brain of most vertebrates and some invertebrates. The formation of both compounds is catalyzed by carnosine synthase, which is thought to convert ATP to AMP and inorganic pyrophosphate, and whose molecular identity is unknown. In the present work, we have purified carnosine synthase from chicken pectoral muscle about 1500-fold until only two major polypeptides of 100 and 90 kDa were present in the preparation. Mass spectrometry analysis of these polypeptides did not yield any meaningful candidate. Carnosine formation catalyzed by the purified enzyme was accompanied by a stoichiometric formation, not of AMP, but of ADP, suggesting that carnosine synthase belongs to the "ATP-grasp family" of ligases. A data base mining approach identified ATPGD1 as a likely candidate. As this protein was absent from chicken protein data bases, we reconstituted its sequence from a PCR-amplified cDNA and found it to fit with the 100-kDa polypeptide of the chicken carnosine synthase preparation. Mouse and human ATPGD1 were expressed in HEK293T cells, purified to homogeneity, and shown to catalyze the formation of carnosine, as confirmed by mass spectrometry, and of homocarnosine. Specificity studies carried out on all three enzymes were in agreement with published data. In particular, they acted with 15-25-fold higher catalytic efficiencies on β-alanine than on γ-aminobutyrate. The identification of the gene encoding carnosine synthase will help for a better understanding of the biological functions of carnosine and related dipeptides, which still remain largely unknown.

Solid-phase peptide synthesis of dipeptide (histidine-β-Alanine) as a chelating agent by using trityl chloride resin, for removal of Al3+, Cu2+, Hg2+ and Pb2+: Experimental and theoretical study

Rahimi, Rahmatollah,Khosravi, Maryam,Tehrani, Mohammd H. H.,Rabbani, Mahboubeh,Safavi, Ebrahim

, p. 1814 - 1819 (2016)

Solid-phase peptide synthesis of dipeptide (histidine-β-Alanine) as a chelating agent examined by common N-9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl-N-Trityl-L-histidine and tert-butyloxycarbonyl-β-Alanine-OH amino acid derivatives. Trityl chloride resin was used as a carrier resin. The molecular structure of the dipeptide was definite by using different methods such as ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), proton (1H) nuclear magnetic ressonance (NMR) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and the chelating property of synthesized dipeptide was investigated for removing of metal ions Al3+, Cu2+, Hg2+ and Pb2+ in vitro. In addition, the pharmacological and biological activities of dipeptide were examined by prediction of activity spectra for substances (PASS) program.

Carnosine intermediate and preparation and application of carnosine thereof

-

Paragraph 0039; 0040, (2022/03/27)

The invention provides a carnosine intermediate and preparation and application of carnosine thereof, and belongs to the technical field of medical intermediates. The preparation method of the carnosine intermediate comprises the following steps: carrying out acylation reaction on L-histidine and tert-butyl cyanoacetate under the action of a catalyst to prepare the carnosine intermediate; wherein isonicotinic acid and 4-chloropyrimidine are added as catalytic assistants. When the carnosine intermediate is prepared, isonicotinic acid and 4-chloropyrimidine are used as auxiliaries, and the yield of the obtained carnosine intermediate is greatly improved. The method for preparing carnosine from the carnosine intermediate prepared by the method comprises the step of adding a catalyst into the carnosine intermediate for catalytic hydrogenation reduction to obtain the carnosine. The composition prepared from the obtained carnosine, theanine and loganic acid has the effects of resisting oxidation and whitening.

METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR RAPIDLY DECREASING EPIGENETIC AGE AND RESTORATION OF MORE YOUTHFUL FUNCTION

-

, (2020/03/01)

Disclosed are methods and compositions of reducing the epigenetic age of mammalian organism, especially an adult human of geriatric age. The methods provide for the proliferation of endogenous stem cells using mitochondrial fusion and a UCP2 blocker or other stimulants; supplying stem cells with nutrition to prevent cell cycle arrest; and removal of senescent somatic cells using senolytic treatments. The proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells after plaque removal for the treatment of Alzheimer's is also disclosed.

A green-by-design bioprocess for l-carnosine production integrating enzymatic synthesis with membrane separation

Yin, Dong-Ya,Pan, Jiang,Zhu, Jie,Liu, You-Yan,Xu, Jian-He

, p. 5971 - 5978 (2019/11/14)

l-Carnosine (l-Car, β-alanyl-l-histidine) is a bioactive dipeptide with important physiological functions. Direct coupling of unprotected β-Ala (β-alanine) with l-His (l-histidine) mediated by an enzyme is a promising method for l-Car synthesis. In this study, a new recombinant dipeptidase (SmPepD) from Serratia marcescens with a high synthetic activity toward l-Car was identified by a genome mining approach and successfully expressed in Escherichia coli. Divalent metal ions strongly promoted the synthetic activity of SmPepD, with up to 21.7-fold increase of activity in the presence of 0.1 mM MnCl2. Higher temperature, lower pH and increasing substrate loadings facilitated the l-Car synthesis. Pilot biocatalytic syntheses of l-Car were performed comparatively in batch and continuous modes. In the continuous process, an ultra-filtration membrane reactor with a working volume of 5 L was employed for catalyst retention. The dipeptidase, SmPepD, showed excellent operational stability without a significant decrease in space-time yield after 4 days. The specific yield of l-Car achieved was 105 gCar gcatalyst-1 by the continuous process and 30.1 gCar gcatalyst-1 by the batch process. A nanofiltration membrane was used to isolate the desired product l-Car from the reaction mixture by selectively removing the excess substrates, β-Ala and l-His. As a result, the final l-Car content was effectively enriched from 2.3% to above 95%, which gave l-Car in 99% purity after ethanol precipitation with a total yield of 60.2%. The recovered substrate mixture of β-Ala and l-His can be easily reused, which will enable the economically attractive and environmentally benign production of the dipeptide l-Car.

METHOD FOR PREPARING PEPTIDES

-

Page/Page column 73, (2019/06/11)

The invention relates to a method for preparing peptides comprising the step of forming a peptide bond wherein at least one amino acid or peptide comprises a protecting group having a water-solubility enhancing group, and said forming of a peptide bond is achieved while an amino acid or a peptide is bound to a solid phase. The invention further relates to peptides comprising a protecting group having a water-solubility enhancing group being bound to the amino group and an activated or free carboxyl group.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING L-CARNOSINE DERIVATIVE AND L-CARNOSINE

-

, (2019/12/05)

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a convenient method for producing a high-purity N-protected L-carnosine derivative and L-carnosine. SOLUTION: A production method includes reacting an acid halide (1) with an L-histidine derivative (2). (R1 and R2 are H or a protection group of an amino group; X is a halogen atom). (A TMS group is a trimethylsilyl group). SELECTED DRAWING: None COPYRIGHT: (C)2020,JPOandINPIT

METHOD FOR PREPARING PEPTIDES

-

Page/Page column 66-67, (2019/06/11)

The invention relates to a method for preparing peptides comprising the step of forming a peptide bond wherein the carboxyl group of a first amino acid or first peptide is activated and an amino group of the first activated amino acid or first peptide is protected by a protecting group having a water-solubility enhancing group and the activated carboxyl group of the first amino acid or first peptide is reacted with an amino group of a second amino acid or second peptide wherein said carboxyl group of the first amino acid or first peptide is activated in the absence of the second amino acid or second peptide. The invention further relates to peptides comprising a protecting group having a water-solubility enhancing group being bound to the amino group and an activated or free carboxyl group.

Synthetic method of L-carnosine

-

Paragraph 0005; 0032; 0033; 0034; 0035, (2017/08/28)

The invention discloses a synthetic method of L-carnosine, and belongs to the technical field of organic matter synthesis. The method comprises the following steps: dissolving 3-chloropropionic acid in an organic solvent, and converting the 3-chloropropionic acid by a chloroformylation reagent to form corresponding 3-chloropropionyl chloride; condensing trimethylsilane protected L-histidine and the 3-chloropropionyl chloride to obtain a corresponding amide product; removing protection agents by using water or an alkaline solution to obtain an intermediate; carrying out aminolysis on the intermediate to obtain crude L-carnosine; and purifying the crude L-carnosine to obtain finished L-carnosine. The synthetic method has the advantages of low raw material consumption, short reaction steps, few wastes, high yield, obtaining of high-quality L-carnosine free from hydrazine, and meeting of industrial production demands.

Concise Synthesis of Anserine: Efficient Solvent Tuning in Asymmetric Hydrogenation Reaction

Yamashita, Megumi,Shimizu, Keita,Koizumi, Yasuaki,Wakimoto, Toshiyuki,Hamashima, Yoshitaka,Asakawa, Tomohiro,Inai, Makoto,Kan, Toshiyuki

supporting information, p. 2734 - 2736 (2016/11/30)

A concise synthesis of anserine and related compounds was accomplished by Et-DuPhos-Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of dehydrohistidine derivatives in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, which played a key role in improving the yield and selectivity.

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