Basic information
- Name:
Xylene
- CAS No.:
1330-20-7
- Molecular Structure:
- Formula:
- C8H10
- Molecular Weight:
- 106.18
- Deleted CAS:
- 8026-09-3
- Synonyms:
- Dimethylbenzene;Xylene mixture (60% m-xylene, 9% o-xylene, 14% p-xylene, 17% ethylbenzene);Xylenes (mixed);Xylol;Benzene,dimethyl-;Eylene;
- EINECS:
- 215-535-7
- Density:
- 0.865 g/cm3
- Melting Point:
- -34 ºC
- Boiling Point:
- 136-140 ºC
- Flash Point:
- 21 ºC
- Solubility:
- water: <0.1 g/L (20 ºC)
- Appearance:
- colourless liquid
- Hazard Symbols:
Xn,
F- Risk Codes:
- 10-20/21-36/38
- Safety Description:
- 25 Details
- Transport Information:
- UN 1307
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Chemistry
Molecular Structure:
Molecular Formula: C8H10
Molecular Weight: 106.165
IUPAC Name: 1,3-Xylene
Synonyms of Xylene (CAS NO.1330-20-7): Xylene, mixed isomers, pure ; Benzene, dimethyl- ; Dimethylbenzene ; RCRA waste no. U239 ; Xylene (mixed isomers) ; Xylene, isomers ; Xylene, mixed ; Xylenes (isomers and mixture) ; Xylenes (mixed) ; Xylenes, total
Einecs: 215-535-7
Classification Code: Agricultural Chemical ; Human Data ; Mutation data ; Reproductive Effect ; Skin / Eye Irritant ; Tumor data
Melting point: -34 °C
Index of Refraction: 1.5
Molar Refractivity: 35.9 cm3
Molar Volume: 121.9 cm3
Surface Tension: 28.7 dyne/cm
Density: 0.87 g/cm3
Flash Point: 25 °C
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 35.66 kJ/mol
Boiling Point: 140.6 °C at 760 mmHg
Vapour Pressure: 7.61 mmHg at 25 °C
Uses
Like other solvents, Xylene (CAS NO.1330-20-7) is also used as an inhalant drug for its intoxicating properties.
Xylene is often used as a solvent and in the printing, rubber, and leather industries.
It is also used as a cleaning agent for steel and for silicon wafers and chips, a thinner for paint, a pesticide , and in paints and varnishes.
In animal studies it is often swabbed on the ears of rabbits to facilitate blood flow and collection, although the area must subsequently be cleansed with alcohol to prevent inflammation.
In biochemistry, xylene is also used for making slides of specimens hydrophobic in preparation for coverslip mounting.
Production
Xylene (CAS NO.1330-20-7) is usually refined from crude oil in a process called alkylation.
Toxicity Data With Reference
| Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| guinea pig | LCLo | inhalation | 450ppm (450ppm) | LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES LIVER: FATTY LIVER DEGERATION | Journal of Industrial Hygiene. Vol. 10, Pg. 261, 1928. |
| guinea pig | LDLo | intraperitoneal | 2gm/kg (2000mg/kg) | LIVER: FATTY LIVER DEGERATION | American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. Vol. 35, Pg. 21, 1974. |
| human | LDLo | oral | 50mg/kg (50mg/kg) | Gekkan Yakuji. Pharmaceuticals Monthly. Vol. 22, Pg. 883, 1980. | |
| human | TCLo | inhalation | 200ppm (200ppm) | SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER CHANGES: OLFACTION LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: CONJUNCTIVE IRRITATION: EYE | Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Vol. 25, Pg. 282, 1943. |
| mammal (species unspecified) | LC50 | inhalation | 30gm/m3 (30000mg/m3) | Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 32(10), Pg. 25, 1988. | |
| mammal (species unspecified) | LD50 | oral | 4300mg/kg (4300mg/kg) | Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 32(10), Pg. 25, 1988. | |
| mammal (species unspecified) | LDLo | intraperitoneal | 2gm/kg (2000mg/kg) | PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: FLACCID PARALYSIS WITHOUT ANESTHESIA (USUALLY NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKAGE) BEHAVIORAL: IRRITABILITY BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD | American Journal of Hygiene. Vol. 7, Pg. 276, 1927. |
| man | LCLo | inhalation | 10000ppm/6H (10000ppm) | BEHAVIORAL: GENERAL ANESTHETIC LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CYANOSIS BLOOD: OTHER CHANGES | British Medical Journal. Vol. 3, Pg. 442, 1970. |
| mouse | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 1548mg/kg (1548mg/kg) | Archiv fuer Gewerbepathologie und Gewerbehygiene. Vol. 18, Pg. 109, 1960. | |
| mouse | LD50 | oral | 2119mg/kg (2119mg/kg) | EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 106(Suppl, | |
| rabbit | LD50 | skin | > 1700mg/kg (1700mg/kg) | Raw Material Data Handbook, Vol.1: Organic Solvents, 1974. Vol. 1, Pg. 123, 1974. | |
| rabbit | LDLo | intravenous | 129mg/kg (129mg/kg) | Haematologica. Vol. 58, Pg. 491, 1973. | |
| rat | LC50 | inhalation | 5000ppm/4H (5000ppm) | Raw Material Data Handbook, Vol.1: Organic Solvents, 1974. Vol. 1, Pg. 123, 1974. | |
| rat | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 2459mg/kg (2459mg/kg) | Environmental Research. Vol. 40, Pg. 411, 1986. | |
| rat | LD50 | oral | 4300mg/kg (4300mg/kg) | LIVER: OTHER CHANGES KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: OTHER CHANGES | AMA Archives of Industrial Health. Vol. 14, Pg. 387, 1956. |
| rat | LD50 | subcutaneous | 1700mg/kg (1700mg/kg) | Raw Material Data Handbook, Vol.1: Organic Solvents, 1974. Vol. 1, Pg. 123, 1974. |
Consensus Reports
Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory. EPA Genetic Toxicology Program. Community Right-To-Know List.
Safety Profile
Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes. Mildly toxic by ingestion and inhalation. An experimental teratogen. Human systemic effects by inhalation: olfactory changes, conjunctiva irritation, and pulmonary changes. Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. A human eye irritant. An experimental skin and severe eye irritant. Some temporary corneal effects are noted, as well as some conjunctival irritation by instillation (adding drops to the eyes one drop at a time). Irritation can start @ 200 ppm. A very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame; can react with oxidizing materials. To fight fire, use foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
Hazard Codes of Xylene (CAS NO.1330-20-7): 
Xn,
F
Risk Statements: 10-20/21-36/38
R10: Flammable.
R20/21: Harmful by inhalation and in contact with skin.
R36/38: Irritating to eyes and skin.
Safety Statements: 25
S25: Avoid contact with eyes.
RIDADR: UN 1307 3/PG 3
Standards and Recommendations
OSHA PEL: TWA 100 ppm; STEL 150 ppm
ACGIH TLV: TWA 100 ppm; STEL 150 ppm; BEI: methyl hippuric acids in urine at end of shift 1.5 g/g creatinine; Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen
DFG MAK: (all isomers) 100 ppm (440 mg/m3); BAT: 150 μg/dL in blood at end of shift
NIOSH REL: (Xylene) TWA 100 ppm; CL 200 ppm/10M
DOT Classification: 3; Label: Flammable Liquid
Analytical Methods
For occupational chemical analysis use NIOSH: Hydrocarbons, Aromatic, 1501.