Reference

Microenvironment around thiacarbocyanine dyes in lysolecithin micelles, surfactant micelles and lecithin liposomal membranes

Microenvironment around thiacarbocyanine dyes in lysolecithin micelles, surfactant micelles and lecithin liposomal membranes. Nakagaki, Masayuki; Komatsu, Hiroaki; Handa, Tetsurou (Fac. Pharm. Sci.In this study，3055-97-8 is also used., Kyoto Univ., Kyoto 606, Japan). Chem. Pharm. Bull., 34(11), 4486-93 (English) 1986. CODEN: CPBTAL. ISSN: 0009-2363. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 63 (Pharmaceuticals) The microenvironments provided by lysolecithin micelles, surfactant (heptaethylene glycol dodecyl ether [3055-97-8], cetyltrimethylammonium chloride [112-02-7], Na dodecyl sulfate [151-21-3] or dodecyl sulfobetaine [52667-78-4]) micelles and lecithin liposomal membranes in aq. solns. were investigated by using dialkylthiacarbocyanine dyes as spectroscopic (absorption and fluorescence) probes. These probes give information concerning effective polarity and effective viscosity in the vicinity (microenvironment) of the probe in liposomal membranes and micelles. The microenvironment of the cyanine dyes in lysolecithin micelles had higher polarity (corresponding to that of EtOH [64-17-5]) and lower viscosity (3-10 cP) than those of other surfactant micelles and lecithin liposomal membranes. The microenvironment provided by lecithin liposomal membranes had medium polarity (PrOH [71-23-8]) and the highest viscosity (10-65 cP) among the 3 kinds of amphiphilic mol. aggregates. Surfactant micelles provide microenvironments with a wide range of polarity (corresponding to EtOH, PrOH or BuOH [71-36-3]) and lower viscosity (2-8 cP) than lecithin liposomal membranes. Thus, these mol. aggregates provide microenvironments of various polarities and viscosities, and a microenvironment suitable for solubilizing and stabilizing particular drugs can be provided by choosing appropriate mol. aggregates. .

The Daphnia reproduction test of some environmental chemicals

The Daphnia reproduction test of some environmental chemicals. Hattori, Mitsuo; Senoo, Kuko; Harada, Shuji; Ishizu, Yoshiko; Goto, Miki (Coll. Sci., Jakushuin Univ., Tokyo, Japan). Seitai Kagaku, 6(4), 23-7 (Japanese) 1984. CODEN: SKGKDR. ISSN: 0386-8141. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 4 (Toxicology) The environmental impact (toxicity) of K2Cr2O7, aniline [62-53-3], chlordane [12789-03-6], p-chloroaniline [106-47-8], Na dodecylbenzenesulfonate [25155-30-0], heptaethylene glycol monododecyl ether [3055-97-8], HCB [118-74-1], hexachlorophene [70-30-4], nitrobenzene [98-95-3], PCP [87-86-5], and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol [95-95-4] was detd. by the 14-day Daphnia reprodn. test and the 24-h median effective concn. (EC50). EC50 values ranged 0.008-38 ppm. Compds. that showed significant effects on the reprodn. rate were: 0.5 ppm HCB, 16.8 and 30 ppm Na dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 0.66 ppm aniline, 12 and 38 ppm nitrobenzene, and 0.0427-1.35 ppm p-chloroaniline. p-Chloroaniline and nitrobenzene at concns. less than the EC50 showed marked effects on the reprodn. rate.