13682-73-0

Basic information

• Product Name: CUPROUS POTASSIUM CYANIDE
• Synonyms: bis(cyano-c)-cuprate(1-potassium;Cuprate(1-),bis[cyano-C]-,potassium;dicyano-cuprate(1-potassium;potassiumcopper(i)cyanide;potassiumdicyanocuprate;potassiumdicyanocuprate(1-);CUPROUS POTASSIUM CYANIDE;COPPER (I) POTASSIUM CYANIDE
• CAS NO: 13682-73-0
• Molecular Formula: C₂CuN₂*K
• Molecular Weight: 154.68
• EINECS: 237-192-2
• Mol File: 13682-73-0.mol
• Article Data: 3

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: 290 °C(lit.)
• Boiling Point: 25.7oC at 760 mmHg
• Appearance: white/Powder
• Density: 4 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
• Vapor Pressure: 740mmHg at 25°C
• CAS DataBase Reference: CUPROUS POTASSIUM CYANIDE(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: CUPROUS POTASSIUM CYANIDE(13682-73-0)
• EPA Substance Registry System: CUPROUS POTASSIUM CYANIDE(13682-73-0)

Safety Data

• Hazard Codes: T+
• Statements: 20/21-28
• Safety Statements: 22-36/37/39-45
• RIDADR: UN 1679 6.1/PG 2
• WGK Germany: 3
• Hazardous Substances Data: 13682-73-0(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Description

Cuprous potassium cyanide is a white crystalline double salt, primarily composed of copper cyanide and potassium cyanide. It is denser than water and has a minimum copper content of 25.8%, with free potassium cyanide ranging from 1.25% to 3.0%. Cuprous potassium cyanide may cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes upon contact and is potentially toxic if ingested or inhaled.

Uses

Used in Electroplating Industry:
Cuprous potassium cyanide is used as an electroplating agent for copper and brass. It is particularly effective in this application due to its high copper content, which facilitates the deposition of a uniform and adherent copper layer onto various substrates.
In addition to its primary use in electroplating, cuprous potassium cyanide may also find applications in other industries where its chemical properties are advantageous. However, it is essential to handle this compound with care due to its potential toxicity and irritant nature.

Air & Water Reactions

Water soluble.

Reactivity Profile

CUPROUS POTASSIUM CYANIDE is an inorganic cyanide. Members of this class that contain heavy metals tend to explosive instability, most of them are capable of violent oxidation under certain condition; fusion of metal cyanides with metal chlorates, perchlorates, nitrates or nitrites can cause violent explosions [Bretherick 1979. p. 101].

Hazard

Highly toxic.

Health Hazard

TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Reaction with water or moist air will release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

Fire Hazard

Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Vapors may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars etc.). Substance will react with water (some violently), releasing corrosive and/or toxic gases and runoff. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.

Safety Profile

A poison. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of CN-.

InChI:InChI=1/2CN.Cu.K/c2*1-2;;/q2*-1;2*+1

Synthetic route

potassium cyanide + copper(l) cyanide → potassium tetracyanocuprate (I) + Potassium dicyanocuprate (13682-73-0)

Conditions	Yield
In water addn. of Cu-salt to soln. of cyanide (stoich. excess.); solvent evapn. (crystn.); detd. by NMR spectroscopy;

potassium cyanide + copper(l) cyanide → Potassium dicyanocuprate (13682-73-0)

Conditions	Yield
In water soln. of KCN in H2O added slowly to suspn. of CuCN in H2O; heated to 60°C while stirring until solids dissolved; filtered while hot; allowed to evaporate slowly at room temp. for 2 days;

potassium cyanide + copper(II) choride dihydrate → Potassium dicyanocuprate (13682-73-0)

Conditions	Yield
In water addn. of aq. soln. of KCN to soln. of copper compd.; slow evapn., isolation of crystals, repeated recrystns.;

mercury(II) nitrate + Potassium dicyanocuprate (13682-73-0) → mercury(II) cyanide

Conditions	Yield
With potassium cyanide; Dowex 50 W-X8 In water Hg salt was treated with cation-exchanger, prepd. Hg-form resin was washed with water, dispersed in water and stirred with cyano-complex for 5min at 17°C; various yields at various conditions; not isolated, detected polarometrically;	63.7%

3-Fluoropyridine (372-47-4) + iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate + Potassium dicyanocuprate (13682-73-0) → Fe(3-Fpy)2(Cu(3-Fpy)1.5(cyanide)2)2

Conditions	Yield
In methanol; water (Ar); slow diffusion of soln. of iron compd. and pyridine deriv. in 1:1 methanol/ water and soln. of copper compd. in 1:1 methanol/water for 4 wks; isolation of crystals, elem. anal.;	35%

3-Chloropyridine (626-60-8) + iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate + Potassium dicyanocuprate (13682-73-0) → Fe(3-Clpy)2(Cu(3-Clpy)(cyanide)2)2 + Fe(3-Clpy)2(Cu(3-Clpy)(cyanide)2)2

Conditions	Yield
In methanol; water (Ar); slow diffusion of soln. of iron compd. and pyridine deriv. in 1:1 methanol/water and soln. of copper compd. in 1:1 methanol/water for 4 wks; isolation of crystals, manual separation, elem. anal.;	A 35% B 30%

3-iodopyridine (1120-90-7) + iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate + Potassium dicyanocuprate (13682-73-0) → Fe(3-Ipy)2(Cu(3-Ipy)(cyanide)2)2

Conditions	Yield
In methanol; water (Ar); slow diffusion of soln. of iron compd. and pyridine deriv. in 1:1 methanol/water and soln. of copper compd. in 1:1 methanol/water for 4 wks; isolation of crystals, elem. anal.;	25%

3-Bromopyridine (626-55-1) + iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate + Potassium dicyanocuprate (13682-73-0) → Fe(3-Brpy)2(Cu(3-Brpy)(cyanide)2)2

Conditions	Yield
In methanol; water (Ar); slow diffusion of soln. of iron compd. and pyridine deriv. in 1:1 methanol/water and soln. of copper compd. in 1:1 methanol/water for 4 wks; isolation of crystals, elem. anal.;	25%

N(C2H5)4(1+)*HB(C3H3N2)3WS3(CuCl)3(1-)=(N(C2H5)4)[HB(C3N2H3)3WS3(CuCl)3] + Potassium dicyanocuprate (13682-73-0) + N,N-dimethyl-formamide (68-12-2, 33513-42-7) + acetonitrile (75-05-8) → K(1+)*2HB(C3H3N2)3(1-)*2W(6+)*6S(2-)*10Cu(1+)*9CN(1-)*6HCON(CH3)2*2CH3CN=K[HBC9N6H9WS3Cu3C3H7NO]2Cu4C9N9*4C3H7NO*2C2H3N

Conditions	Yield
	17%

4-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-yl)benzenamine (53338-48-0) + Potassium dicyanocuprate (13682-73-0) → 4-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzonitrile (1874-33-5)

Conditions	Yield
(i) aq. HCl, NaNO2, (ii) /BRN= 5410671/; Multistep reaction;

amino-4-phenyl methyl malonate d'ethyle (61881-50-3) + Potassium dicyanocuprate (13682-73-0) → Diethyl 2-(4-cyanophenyl)-2-methylmalonate (132483-77-3)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride; sodium carbonate; sodium nitrite 1.) H2O, 2-3 deg C, 20 min, 2.a) H2O, 1.5 h, 3 deg C, b.) 2 h, 50 deg C; Yield given. Multistep reaction;

2-(4-Amino-3-bromo-phenyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid diethyl ester + Potassium dicyanocuprate (13682-73-0) → 2-(3-Bromo-4-cyano-phenyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid diethyl ester (138568-93-1)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride; sodium carbonate; sodium nitrite 1.) H2O, 2.) H2O; Yield given. Multistep reaction;

diethyl (4-amino-3-chlorophenyl)methylmalonate (25814-36-2) + Potassium dicyanocuprate (13682-73-0) → 2-(3-Chloro-4-cyano-phenyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid diethyl ester (138568-89-5)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride; sodium carbonate; sodium nitrite 1.) H2O, 2.) H2O; Yield given. Multistep reaction;

4-tert-butyl-1-cyclohexenyl(phenyl)(tetrafluoroborato)-λ3-iodane + Potassium dicyanocuprate (13682-73-0) → 4-tert-butyl-1-cyanocyclohexene (7370-14-1)

Conditions	Yield
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 25℃; for 12h;	92 % Chromat.

Potassium dicyanocuprate (13682-73-0) + 2-(4-Amino-3-methyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid diethyl ester (88975-13-7) → 2-(4-Cyano-3-methyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid diethyl ester (138568-99-7)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride; sodium carbonate; sodium nitrite 1.) H2O, 2.) H2O; Yield given. Multistep reaction;

Potassium dicyanocuprate (13682-73-0) + 2-(4-amino-3-fluorophenyl)-2-methylmalonic acid diethyl ester (78543-08-5) → 2-(4-Cyano-3-fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid diethyl ester (138568-86-2)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride; sodium carbonate; sodium nitrite 1.) H2O, 2.) H2O; Yield given. Multistep reaction;

Potassium dicyanocuprate (13682-73-0) + 2-(4-Amino-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid diethyl ester → 2-(4-Cyano-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid diethyl ester (138569-02-5)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride; sodium carbonate; sodium nitrite 1.) H2O, 2.) H2O; Yield given. Multistep reaction;

Potassium dicyanocuprate (13682-73-0) + 2-(4-Amino-3-methylsulfanyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid diethyl ester → 2-(4-Cyano-3-methylsulfanyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid diethyl ester (138569-05-8)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride; sodium carbonate; sodium nitrite 1.) H2O, 2.) H2O; Yield given. Multistep reaction;

Potassium dicyanocuprate (13682-73-0) + diethyl α-methyl-α-(3-trifluoromethyl-4-aminophenyl)-malonate (58810-02-9) → 2-(4-Cyano-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid diethyl ester (138568-96-4)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride; sodium carbonate; sodium nitrite 1.) H2O, 2.) H2O; Yield given. Multistep reaction;

Potassium dicyanocuprate (13682-73-0) + 5-tert-butylcyclohex-1-enyl(phenyl)iodonium tetrafluoroborate → 5-tert-butyl-cyclohex-1-enecarbonitrile

Conditions	Yield

Potassium dicyanocuprate (13682-73-0) → copper (12775-96-1, 15158-11-9, 15721-63-8, 16941-75-6, 17493-86-6, 19498-52-3, 20499-83-6, 20499-84-7, 20499-85-8, 20499-86-9, 20573-10-8, 20573-11-9, 21595-51-7, 21595-52-8, 22206-52-6, 26445-28-3, 28959-95-7, 37362-93-9, 39417-05-5, 54603-16-6, 54603-23-5, 54603-32-6, 54603-40-6, 54603-48-4, 54603-81-5, 54603-89-3, 56316-56-4, 95985-91-4, 122297-32-9, 7440-50-8)

Conditions	Yield
With isopropyl alcohol In water other Radiation; aq. soln. of KCu(CN)2 was γ-irradiated, soln. contg. 2-propanol as OH scavenger, under inert atm., dose rate 1.5E3 Gy/h; monitored by UV/VIS;

pyridine (110-86-1) + potassium dicyanoargentate(I) + ammonia (7664-41-7) + Potassium dicyanocuprate (13682-73-0) → Cu(2+)*2Cu(1+)*3NH3*4CN(1-)=Cu(NH3)3Cu(CN)Cu(CN)3

Conditions	Yield
With KCN In water molar ratio Ag:Cu(I) 2:1;

pyridine (110-86-1) + potassium dicyanoargentate(I) + ammonia (7664-41-7) + Potassium dicyanocuprate (13682-73-0) → Cu(2+)*1.85Ag(1+)*1.15Cu(1+)*2C5H5N*2NH3*5CN(1-)=Cu(NH3)2(C5H5N)Ag1.85Cu1.15(CN)5*C5H5N

Conditions	Yield
With KCN In water molar ratio Cu(II):py:Ag:Cu(I) 1:6:2.6:0.4;

Potassium dicyanocuprate (13682-73-0) + potassium dicyanoaurate → Cu(12.3),Au(b) (W%)

Conditions	Yield
With KCN In water Electrochem. Process; electrodeposition on Pt from KCN-KAu(CN)2-KCu(CN)2 deposition bath at -1.4 V; detd. by XRD;

Potassium dicyanocuprate (13682-73-0) + potassium dicyanoaurate → Cu(40.5),Au(b) (W%)

Conditions	Yield
With KCN In water Electrochem. Process; electrodeposition on Pt from KCN-KAu(CN)2-KCu(CN)2 deposition bath at -1.6 V; detd. by XRD;

Potassium dicyanocuprate (13682-73-0) + potassium dicyanoaurate → Cu(8.5),Au(b) (W%)

Conditions	Yield
With KCN In water Electrochem. Process; electrodeposition on Pt from KCN-KAu(CN)2-KCu(CN)2 deposition bath at -1.2 V;

Downstream Products

• 138568-96-4 2-(4-Cyano-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid diethyl ester 
• 138569-05-8 2-(4-Cyano-3-methylsulfanyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid diethyl ester 
• 138569-02-5 2-(4-Cyano-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid diethyl ester 
• 138568-86-2 2-(4-Cyano-3-fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid diethyl ester 
• 138568-99-7 2-(4-Cyano-3-methyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid diethyl ester 
• 7370-14-1 4-tert-butyl-1-cyanocyclohexene 
• 138568-89-5 2-(3-Chloro-4-cyano-phenyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid diethyl ester 
• 138568-93-1 2-(3-Bromo-4-cyano-phenyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid diethyl ester 
• 132483-77-3 Diethyl 2-(4-cyanophenyl)-2-methylmalonate 
• 1874-33-5 4-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzonitrile 

Relevant articles and documents

Spin-crossover behavior in cyanide-bridged iron(ii)-copper(i) bimetallic 1-3D metal-organic frameworks

The synthesis and characterization of a series of 1-3D cyanide-bridged iron(II)-copper(I) bimetallic coordination polymers formulated as {Fe(3-Xpy)2[Cu(3-Xpy)z(CN)2]2}, where 3-Xpy is a 3-halogenpyridine ligand

A multinuclear magnetic resonance study of crystalline tripotassium tetracyanocuprate

Direct NMR observation of copper-63/65 nuclei in solid K3Cu(CN)4 provides the first experimental example of anisotropic copper chemical shielding. Axially symmetric by virtue of the space group symmetry, the shielding tensor spans 42 ppm, with the greatest shielding when the unique axis is perpendicular to the applied magnetic field. The nuclear quadrupole coupling constant is also appreciable, CQ(63Cu) = -1.125 MHz, reflecting a deviation of the Cu(CN)43- anion from pure tetrahedral symmetry. Spin-spin coupling to 13C nuclei in an isotopically enriched sample is quantified by line-shape simulations of both 13C and 63/65Cu magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectra to be 300 Hz. It is shown that this information is also directly available by 63/65Cu triple-quantum (3Q) MAS NMR. The relative merits of these three approaches to characterizing spin-spin couplings involving half-integer quadrupolar nuclei are discussed. Chemical shielding tensors for nitrogen-15 and carbon-13 are obtained from NMR spectra of nonspinning samples, and are compared to those of tetrahedral group 12 tetracyanometallates. Finally, 2J(63/65Cu, 15N) detected in 15N MAS experiments are found to be 19 and 20 Hz for the two crystallographically distinct cyanide ligands.