1918-77-0Relevant articles and documents
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Blanchette,Brown
, p. 1066 (1952)
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Assessing and utilizing esterase specificity in antimicrobial prodrug development
Hetrick, Kenton J.,Raines, Ronald T.
, (2021/12/30)
As a class of enzymes, esterases have been investigated for decades and have found use in industrial processes, synthetic organic chemistry, and elsewhere. Esters are functional groups composed of an alcohol moiety and a carboxylic acid moiety. Although much work has explored the influence of the carboxyl moiety of an ester on its susceptibility to esterases, little work has explored the influence of the alcohol moiety. Here, we describe an in vitro methodology to explore the influence of changing the alcohol moiety of an ester on its enzymatic hydrolysis, including strategies for analyzing such data. We then describe leveraging data from these assays to develop targeted antimicrobial prodrugs that activate in certain species due to the discriminatory activity of species-specific esterases. We envisage the potential of genomics and machine learning to further these efforts. Finally, we anticipate the potential future uses of these ideas, including developing targeted anti-cancer compounds.
Preparation method of 2-thiopheneacetyl chloride
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Paragraph 0034-0037; 0041-0044; 0046-0049; 0051-0054; 0056, (2020/08/30)
The invention discloses a preparation method of 2-thiopheneacetyl chloride, and belongs to the technical field of chemical synthesis. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) dissolving 2-thiopheneethanol in an organic solvent, and reacting at 50-120 DEG C under the action of a solid acid catalyst, an alkali and an oxidant to prepare 2-thiopheneacetic acid, wherein the oxidant isoxygen or hydrogen peroxide; and (2) dissolving 2-thiopheneacetic acid in an organic solvent, and dropwise adding thionyl chloride to carry out an acylating chlorination reaction by taking an alkalineionic liquid as a catalyst so as to prepare 2-thiopheneacetyl chloride. The preparation method is simple in route, easy in obtaining of raw materials, mild in reaction conditions, and capable of realizing few byproducts and easy purification and separation due to adoption of oxygen or hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant in synthesis of 2-thiopheneacetic acid; and when the acylating chlorination reaction of 2-thiopheneacetic acid is carried out, the basic ionic liquid is adopted as the catalyst, the reaction process is stable and easy to control, the product yield is high, few byproducts are produced, so the method is an efficient and green synthesis process.
Synthesis method of 2-thiopheneacetic acid
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Paragraph 0017; 0046; 0048-0049; 0051-0052; 0054, (2020/06/17)
The invention provides a synthesis method of 2-thiopheneacetic acid, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) acylation reaction: carrying out Friedel-Crafts reaction on thiopheneand 2-chloroacetyl chloride as raw materials to obtain 2-chloroacetyl thiophene; and (2) rearrangement reaction: carrying out a Favanskii rearrangement reaction on the 2-chloroacetyl thiophene underan alkaline condition to obtain the 2-thiopheneacetic acid. The method is wide in raw material source, low in cost, few in steps, simple to operate, high in safety, small in pollution and easy to industrialize. Friedel-Crafts reaction and Favanskii rearrangement reaction are adopted, the conversion rate of the two reactions is high, the selectivity is good, the operation of the reaction process issimple, no special reagent is needed, the raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, the requirement for equipment is not high, the product yield is high, few impurities are contained, and the method has remarkable advantages and practical value.