2922-07-8Relevant articles and documents
A general and efficient synthesis of azaindoles and diazaindoles
Harcken, Christian,Ward, Yancey,Thomson, David,Riether, Doris
, p. 3121 - 3125 (2005)
The DBU-mediated cyclization of ortho-(Boc-amino)alkynyl pyridines, -pyridazines, -pyrimidines and -pyrazines efficiently generates azaindoles and diazaindoles, respectively. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and in high yields. A variety of fun
Exploring the reactivity of halogen-free aminopyridines in one-pot palladium-catalyzed C–N cross-coupling/C–H functionalization
Santos, A. Sofia,Martins, M. Margarida,Mortinho, Ana C.,Silva, Artur M.S.,Marques, M. Manuel B.
supporting information, (2020/08/13)
Aminopyridines are key building blocks for the synthesis of bioactive N-heterocyclic compounds such as azaindoles and imidazopyridines. However, the functionalization of aminopyridines is challenging, due to their electronic properties and coordination with metals. Herein we describe a reactivity study of aminopyridines under palladium-catalyzed reaction conditions. Several aminopyridines underwent a one-pot Pd-catalyzed C–N cross coupling reaction/C–H functionalization sequence affording azaindoles. The role of additives, ligands, and bases was investigated. This work consists of a platform for future studies on aminopyridines involving metal-catalyzed reactions and represents the first report on the direct conversion of non-halogenated aminopyridines into azaindoles via Pd-catalyzed C–H functionalization reactions.
Synthesis of N-Heterocycles by Reductive Cyclization of Nitro Compounds using Formate Esters as Carbon Monoxide Surrogates
Formenti, Dario,Ferretti, Francesco,Ragaini, Fabio
, p. 148 - 152 (2017/12/04)
A series of alkyl and aryl formate esters were evaluated as CO sources in the Pd- and Pd/Ru-catalyzed reductive cyclization of substituted nitro compounds to afford heterocycles, especially indoles. Phenyl formate was found to be the most effective, and it allowed the desired products to be obtained in excellent yields, often higher than those previously reported with pressurized CO. Through detailed experiments and kinetic studies, we were able to discern between metal-catalyzed and base-mediated activation of phenyl formate and confirmed that just the base was effective in catalyzing its decarbonylation.