69-53-4 Usage
Brand Name(s)
Human forms include Omnipen, Principen, Totacillin, Polycillin. Injectable forms include Omnipen-N, Polycillin-N, TotacillinN.
Veterinary forms include Amp-Equine, and Ampicillin trihydrate (Polyflex).
Description
Ampicillin is an antibacterial antibiotic from the α-aminobenzyl penicillin group, which differs from penicillin by the presence of an amino group that facilitates penetration through the outer membrane of some gram-negative bacteria.
Ampicillin is Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic. Ampicillin acts by interfering directly with the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan, which constitutes the major component of the bacterial cell wall, leading to structural instability and death of bacteria.
Ampicillin is a β-lactam antibiotic within the penicillin family. As a member of this family, Ampicillin is susceptible to β-lactamase, which hydrolyzes the β-lactam ring. This broad spectrum antibiotic is effective against gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria and anaerobic bacteria. Ampicillin is widely used in cell culture as a selective agent. As an antibiotic, Ampicillin binds to penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) on a susceptible organism and Inhibits bacterial cell-wall synthesis by inactivating transpeptidases on the inner surface of the bacterial cell membrane. After binding to the PBPs, Ampicilin acts as a structural analogue of acyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine, acylates the transpeptidase enzyme and thereby prevents the cross-linking of the peptidoglycan of the cell wall necessary for the growth of the bacterium.
Ampicillin sodium can be used as a selective agent in several types of isolation media. Ampicillin sodium is routinely used to select for cells containing the pcDNA3.1 and pEAK10 resistance plasmids in cell line A904L at an effective concentration of 50 μg/ml.
Chemical Properties
Different sources of media describe the Chemical Properties of 69-53-4 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Crystalline Solid
2. Ampicillin in anhydrous form occurs as
crystals.
Originator
Binotal,Bayer,W. Germany,1962
Uses
Different sources of media describe the Uses of 69-53-4 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Ampicillin caused contact dermatitis in a nurse also
sensitized to amoxicillin (with tolerance to oral
phenoxymethylpenicillin), and in a pharmaceutical
factory worker.
2. β-lactam antibiotics
3. Labelled Ampicillin. Orally active, semi-synthetic antibiotic; structurally related to penicillin. Antibacterial.
Definition
ChEBI: A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.
Manufacturing Process
α-Carbobenzyloxyaminophenylacetic acid (0.1 mol), which is obtained by the
reaction of equivalent quantities of α-aminophenylacetic acid and benzyl
chlorocarbonate in aqueous sodium hydroxide, dissolved in dry acetone is
stirred and cooled to approximately -5°C. To this there is added dropwise with
continued cooling and stirring a solution of ethyl chlorocarbonate (0.1 mol).
After approximately 10 minutes, the acylating mixture is cooled to about -5°C
and then is slowly added to a stirred ice-cold mixture of 6-aminopenicillanic
acid (0.1 mol), 3% sodium bicarbonate solution (0.1 mol) and acetone. This
reaction mixture is allowed to attain room temperature, stirred for an
additional thirty minutes at this temperature and then is extracted with ether.
The extracted aqueous solution is covered with butanol and the pH adjusted
to 2 by the addition of HCl. The acidified aqueous phase is extracted with
butanol, the pH of the aqueous phase being adjusted to pH 2 each time. The
combined butanol solutions which contain the free acid, α-
carbobenzyloxyaminobenzylpenicillin, are washed with water, and are then
shaken with water to which sufficient 3% sodium bicarbonate has been added
to bring the aqueous phase to pH 7. The process of washing and shaking is
repeated with fresh water and bicarbonate solution. The combined aqueous
solutions are washed with ether and then are evaporated under reduced
pressure and low temperature. The product, the sodium salt of α-
carbobenzyloxyaminobenzylpenicillin, is obtained as a yellow solid in a yield of
65%.
A suspension of palladium on barium carbonate (3.7 grams of 30%) in water
(20 ml) is shaken in an atmosphere of hydrogen at room temperature. The
catalyst is then filtered and washed well with water, care being taken that it
does not become dry. A solution of the sodium salt of α-
carbobenzyloxyaminobenzylpenicillin (4 grams) in water (20 ml) is added to
the pretreated catalyst and the suspension is shaken in an atmosphere of
hydrogen at room temperature and pressure for one hour. The catalyst is then filtered off, washed well with water, and the combined filtrate and washings
adjusted to pH 7 with hydrochloric acid. The resulting solution is evaporated in
vacuum at a temperature below 20°C to give α-aminobenzylpenicillin (2.4
grams, 74% yield), which is assayed at approximately 48% pure by the
manometric method.
Brand name
Amcill (Parke-Davis); Omnipen (Wyeth-Ayerst);
Polycillin (Apothecon); Principen (Apothecon).
Therapeutic Function
Antibacterial
Safety Profile
Poison by intracerebral route. Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal route. Human systemic effects by ingestion: fever, agranulocytosis, and other blood effects. An experimental teratogen. Mutation data reported. Questionable carcinogen. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NO, and SOx,.
Potential Exposure
Used as an antibiotic.
Veterinary Drugs and Treatments
In dogs and cats, ampicillin is not as well absorbed after oral administration
as amoxicillin and its oral use has largely been supplanted
by amoxicillin. It is used commonly in parenteral
dosage
forms when an aminopenicillin is indicated in all species.
The aminopenicillins, also called the “broad-spectrum” or ampicillin
penicillins, have increased activity
against many strains of
gram-negative aerobes not covered by either the natural penicillins
or penicillinase-resistant penicillins, including some strains of E.
coli, Klebsiella, and Haemophilus.
Shipping
UN3077 Environmentally hazardous substances,
solid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous hazardous
material, Technical Name Required.
Incompatibilities
May be incompatible with oxidizers
(chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates,
chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires
or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong
bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides.
Waste Disposal
It is inappropriate and possibly
dangerous to the environment to dispose of expired or waste
pharmaceuticals by flushing them down the toilet
or discarding them to the trash. Household quantities of
expired or waste pharmaceuticals may be mixed with wet cat
litter or coffee grounds, double-bagged in plastic, discard in
trash. Larger quantities shall carefully take into consideration
applicable DEA, EPA, and FDA regulations. If possible return
the pharmaceutical to the manufacturer for proper disposal
being careful to properly label and securely package the material.
Alternatively, the waste pharmaceutical shall be labeled,
securely packaged and transported by a state licensed medical
waste contractor to dispose by burial in a licensed hazardous
or toxic waste landfill or incinerator.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 69-53-4 includes 5 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 2 digits, 6 and 9 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 5 and 3 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 69-53:
(4*6)+(3*9)+(2*5)+(1*3)=64
64 % 10 = 4
So 69-53-4 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C16H19N3O4S/c1-16(2)11(15(22)23)19-13(21)10(14(19)24-16)18-12(20)9(17)8-6-4-3-5-7-8/h3-7,9-11,14H,17H2,1-2H3,(H,18,20)(H,22,23)/t9-,10-,11+,14-/m1/s1
69-53-4Relevant articles and documents
Penicillin Acylase Catalysed Synthesis of Ampicillin in Hydrophilic Organic Solvents
Van Langen, Luuk M.,Oosthoek, Natasja H. P.,Van Rantwijk, Fred,Sheldon, Roger A.
, p. 797 - 801 (2003)
Penicillin acylase (EC 3.5.1.11) from Alcaligenes faecalis, immobilised as a cross-linked enzyme aggregate (CLEA), catalysed the synthesis of ampicillin in water-miscible organic solvents at low water concentrations. Below 4% water (v/v) no reaction was observed, showing the crucial role of water in maintaining the activity of penicillin acylase. The initial value of S/H was strongly affected by the nature of the solvent, but the effect of the water content was slight in the studied range of 4 to 15%. A reaction in acetonitrile containing 8% water afforded ampicillin in up to 86% yield.
Stability of aqueous bacampicillin suspension
Fujiwara,Kawashima,Yamada,Nakai
, p. 345 - 353 (1988)
-
An efficient synthesis of ampicillin on magnetically separable immobilized penicillin G acylase
Xue, Ping,Song, Xiao Dan,Cao, Xue Rong
, p. 765 - 768 (2010)
Penicillin G acylase (PGA) was immobilized on the magnetic hydrophilic polymer microspheres with average pore size of 17.1 nm, specific surface area of 128.2 m2/g and saturate magnetization of 6.4 emu/g. The 96.7% ampicillin yield with 1.60 of the synthesis/hydrolysis (S/H) ratio from 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) and D-(-)-alpha-phenylglycine methyl ester (D-PGME) can be achieved using the resultant magnetic biocatalyst in ethylene glycol, where only 82.1% yield with 1.40 of the S/H ratio was obtained using the free PGA under the identical reaction conditions. The immobilized PGA can be separated magnetically and recycled for five times without obvious loss of its catalytic activity.
IMMORTALIZED STEM CELL, COMPOSITIONS, PREPARATIONS AND USES THEREOF
-
, (2018/01/14)
The purpose of the present invention is to provide immortalized stem cells, which produce a growth factor capable of regenerating various kinds of tissues that have been damaged by a variety of causes, and a method for producing the aforesaid immortalized stem cells. Another purpose is to provide a medicinal composition and a medicinal preparation for restoring damaged tissues, and a method for the percutaneous absorption of a culture supernatant. Provided are immortalized stem cells that are obtained by isolating stem cells selected from the group consisting of mammalian mesenchymal cells, an embryo at the early stage of the development and somatic cells, first culturing the cells to give first stage culture cells, transferring four kinds of genes into the first stage culture cells to give transgenic cells, and selecting the desired immortalized stem cells from among the transgenic cells using the expression of STRO-1 as an index.
