123050-23-7Relevant articles and documents
Orthogonal Active-Site Labels for Mixed-Linkage endo-β-Glucanases
Jain, Namrata,Tamura, Kazune,Déjean, Guillaume,Van Petegem, Filip,Brumer, Harry
, p. 1968 - 1984 (2021/05/26)
Small molecule irreversible inhibitors are valuable tools for determining catalytically important active-site residues and revealing key details of the specificity, structure, and function of glycoside hydrolases (GHs). β-glucans that contain backbone β(1,3) linkages are widespread in nature, e.g., mixed-linkage β(1,3)/β(1,4)-glucans in the cell walls of higher plants and β(1,3)glucans in yeasts and algae. Commensurate with this ubiquity, a large diversity of mixed-linkage endoglucanases (MLGases, EC 3.2.1.73) and endo-β(1,3)-glucanases (laminarinases, EC 3.2.1.39 and EC 3.2.1.6) have evolved to specifically hydrolyze these polysaccharides, respectively, in environmental niches including the human gut. To facilitate biochemical and structural analysis of these GHs, with a focus on MLGases, we present here the facile chemo-enzymatic synthesis of a library of active-site-directed enzyme inhibitors based on mixed-linkage oligosaccharide scaffolds and N-bromoacetylglycosylamine or 2-fluoro-2-deoxyglycoside warheads. The effectiveness and irreversibility of these inhibitors were tested with exemplar MLGases and an endo-β(1,3)-glucanase. Notably, determination of inhibitor-bound crystal structures of a human-gut microbial MLGase from Glycoside Hydrolase Family 16 revealed.
Cloning and expression of the cold-adapted endo-1,4-β-glucanase gene from Eisenia fetida
Ueda, Mitsuhiro,Ito, Akihiro,Nakazawa, Masami,Miyatake, Kazutaka,Sakaguchi, Minoru,Inouye, Kuniyo
, p. 511 - 516 (2013/11/19)
Biofuel production from plant-derived lignocellulosic material using fungal cellulases is facing cost-effective challenges related to high temperature requirements. The present study identified a cold-adapted cellulase named endo-1,4-β-glucanase (EF-EG2) from the earthworm Eisenia fetida. The gene was cloned in the cold-shock expression vector (pCold I) and functionally expressed in Escherichia coli ArcticExpress RT (DE3). The gene consists of 1368 bp encoding 456 amino acid residues. The amino acid sequence shares sequence homology with the endo-1,4-β-glucanases of Eisenia andrei (98%), Pheretima hilgendorfi (79%), Perineresis brevicirris (63%), and Strongylocentrotus nudus (58%), which all belong to glycoside hydrolase family 9. Purified recombinant EF-EG2 hydrolyzed soluble cellulose (carboxymethyl cellulose), but not insoluble (powdered cellulose) or crystalline (Avicel) cellulose substrates. Thin-layer chromatography analysis of the reaction products from 1,4-β-linked oligosaccharides of various lengths revealed a cleavage mechanism consistent with endoglucanases (not exoglucanases). The enzyme exhibited significant activity at 10 C (38% of the activity at optimal 40 C) and was stable at pH 5.0-9.0, with an optimum pH of 5.5. This new cold-adapted cellulase could potentially improve the cost effectiveness of biofuel production.
Characterization of a laminaribiose phosphorylase from Acholeplasma laidlawii PG-8A and production of 1,3-β-d-glucosyl disaccharides
Nihira, Takanori,Saito, Yuka,Kitaoka, Motomitsu,Nishimoto, Mamoru,Otsubo, Ken'Ichi,Nakai, Hiroyuki
, p. 49 - 54 (2013/01/15)
We identified a glycoside hydrolase family 94 homolog (ACL0729) from Acholeplasma laidlawii PG-8A as a laminaribiose (1,3-β-d-glucobiose) phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.31). The recombinant ACL0729 produced in Escherichia coli catalyzed phosphorolysis of laminar
Production of galacto-oligosaccharides by the β-galactosidase from kluyveromyces lactis: Comparative analysis of permeabilized cells versus soluble enzyme
Rodriguez-Colinas, Barbara,De Abreu, Miguel A.,Fernandez-Arrojo, Lucia,De Beer, Roseri,Poveda, Ana,Jimenez-Barbero, Jesus,Haltrich, Dietmar,Ballesteros Olmo, Antonio O.,Fernandez-Lobato, Maria,Plou, Francisco J.
experimental part, p. 10477 - 10484 (2012/07/17)
The transgalactosylation activity of Kluyveromyces lactis cells was studied in detail. Cells were permeabilized with ethanol and further lyophilized to facilitate the transit of substrates and products. The resulting biocatalyst was assayed for the synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) and compared with two soluble β-galactosidases from K. lactis (Lactozym 3000 L HP G and Maxilact LGX 5000). Using 400 g/L lactose, the maximum GOS yield, measured by HPAEC-PAD analysis, was 177 g/L (44% w/w of total carbohydrates). The major products synthesized were the disaccharides 6-galactobiose [Gal-β(1?6)-Gal] and allolactose [Gal-β(1?6)-Glc], as well as the trisaccharide 6-galactosyl-lactose [Gal-β(1?6)-Gal-β(1?4)-Glc], which was characterized by MS and 2D NMR. Structural characterization of another synthesized disaccharide, Gal-β(1?3)-Glc, was carried out. GOS yield obtained with soluble β-galactosidases was slightly lower (160 g/L for Lactozym 3000 L HP G and 154 g/L for Maxilact LGX 5000); however, the typical profile ith a maximum GOS concentration followed by partial hydrolysis of the newly formed oligosaccharides was not observed with the soluble enzymes. Results were correlated with the higher stability of β-galactosidase when permeabilized whole cells were used.
Mode of operation and low-resolution structure of a multi-domain and hyperthermophilic endo-β-1,3-glucanase from Thermotoga petrophila
Cota, Junio,Alvarez, Thabata M.,Citadini, Ana P.,Santos, Camila Ramos,de Oliveira Neto, Mario,Oliveira, Renata R.,Pastore, Glaucia M.,Ruller, Roberto,Prade, Rolf A.,Murakami, Mario T.,Squina, Fabio M.
body text, p. 590 - 594 (2012/03/26)
1,3-β-Glucan depolymerizing enzymes have considerable biotechnological applications including biofuel production, feedstock-chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Here we describe a comprehensive functional characterization and low-resolution structure of a hyperthermophilic laminarinase from Thermotoga petrophila (TpLam). We determine TpLam enzymatic mode of operation, which specifically cleaves internal β-1,3-glucosidic bonds. The enzyme most frequently attacks the bond between the 3rd and 4th residue from the non-reducing end, producing glucose, laminaribiose and laminaritriose as major products. Far-UV circular dichroism demonstrates that TpLam is formed mainly by beta structural elements, and the secondary structure is maintained after incubation at 90. °C. The structure resolved by small angle X-ray scattering, reveals a multi-domain structural architecture of a V-shape envelope with a catalytic domain flanked by two carbohydrate-binding modules.
Engineering of glucoside acceptors for the regioselective synthesis of β-(1→3)-disaccharides with glycosynthases
Marton, Zsuzanna,Tran, Vinh,Tellier, Charles,Dion, Michel,Drone, Jullien,Rabiller, Claude
experimental part, p. 2939 - 2946 (2009/04/06)
Glycosynthase mutants obtained from Thermotoga maritima were able to catalyze the regioselective synthesis of aryl β-d-Galp-(1→3)-β-d-Glcp and aryl β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Glcp in high yields (up to 90 %) using aryl β-d-glucosides as acceptors. The need for an aglyconic aryl group was rationalized by molecular modeling calculations, which have emphasized a high stabilizing interaction of this group by stacking with W312 of the enzyme. Unfortunately, the deprotection of the aromatic group of the disaccharides was not possible without partial hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond. The replacement of aryl groups by benzyl ones could offer the opportunity to deprotect the anomeric position under very mild conditions. Assuming that benzyl acceptors could preserve the stabilizing stacking, benzyl β-d-glucoside firstly assayed as acceptor resulted in both poor yields and poor regioselectivity. Thus, we decided to undertake molecular modeling calculations in order to design which suitable substituted benzyl acceptors could be used. This study resulted in the choice of 2-biphenylmethyl β-d-glucopyranoside. This choice was validated experimentally, since the corresponding β-(1→3) disaccharide was obtained in good yields and with a high regioselectivity. At the same time, we have shown that phenyl 1-thio-β-d-glucopyranoside was also an excellent substrate leading to similar results as those obtained with the O-phenyl analogue. The NBS deprotection of the S-phenyl group afforded the corresponding disaccharide quantitatively.
Enzymatic syntheses and selective hydrolysis of O-β-d- galactopyranosides using a marine mollusc β-galactosidase
Giordano, Assunta,Tramice, Annabella,Andreotti, Giuseppina,Mollo, Ernesto,Trincone, Antonio
, p. 139 - 143 (2007/10/03)
The use of crude extract of the hepatopancreas of Aplysia fasciata, a large mollusc belonging to the order Anaspidea containing a β-galactosidase activity, was reported for the synthesis of different galactosides. Good yields with polar acceptors and the
Methods for synthesis of alpha-d-gal (1~>3) gal-containing oligosaccharides
-
, (2008/06/13)
This invention relates to reagents and methods for synthesis of biologically active di- and tri-saccharides comprising α-D-Gal(1→3)-D-Gal. In particular the invention provides novel reagents, intermediates and processes for the solution or solid phase synthesis of α-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-D-galactose, and derivatives thereof. In one preferred embodiments the invention provides a protected monosaccharide building block of general formula (II): in which R3 is methoxy or methyl; R1 is H, benzoyl, pivaloyl, 4-chlorobenzoyl, acetyl, chloroacetyl, levulinoyl, 4-methylbenzoyl, benzyl, 3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl, 4-methoxybenzyl, 4-chlorobenzyl, 4-acetamidobenzyl, or 4-azidobenzyl; and R2 is H, Fmoc, benzoyl, pivaloyl, 4-chlorobenzoyl, acetyl, chloroacetyl, levulinoyl, 4-methylbenzoyl, benzyl, 3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl, 4-methoxybenzyl, 4-chlorobenzyl, 4-acetamidobenzyl, or 4-azidobenzyl.
Practical Synthesis of the Disaccharide Epitope, D-Galactopyranosyl-α-1,3-D-galactopyranose, by using 1,2;5,6-Di-O-cyclohexylidene-α-D-galactofuranose as the Glycosyl Acceptor
Sakamoto, Isao,Ohrui, Hiroshi
, p. 1974 - 1977 (2007/10/03)
D-Galactosyl-α-1,3-D-galactopyranose (1) was chemically prepared in a good yield by coupling phenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (5) or 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-α-D-galactopyranosyl bromide (8) with 1,2:5,6-di-O-cyclohexylidene-α-D-galactofuranose (3) with subsequent de-O-benzylation and de-O-cyclohexylidenation of the resulting protected α-1,3-disaccharide.
A novel synthesis of α-D-Galp-(1→3)-β-D-Galp-1-Ο-(CH2) 3-NH2, its linkage to activated matrices and absorption of anti-αGal xenoantibodies by affinity columns
Liaigre, Jér?me,Dubreuil, Didier,Pradère, Jean-Paul,Bouhours, Jean-Fran?ois
, p. 265 - 277 (2007/10/03)
Pig organs transplanted into primates are rapidly rejected because of the interaction between Galα(1→3)Gal epitopes carried by the graft and natural antibodies (anti-αGal antibodies) present in the blood of the recipient. This report describes a simplified synthesis of the xenogeneic disaccharide and its linkage to activated gel matrices. The digalactosides α-D-Galp-(1→3)-α,β-D-Galp-Galp were synthesized by the condensation of the trichloroacetimidoyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-Ο-benzyl-β-D-galactopyranoside donor with the 3,4-unprotected allyl 2,6-di-Ο-benzyl-α- or β-D-galactopyranoside acceptor precursor. Deallylation and hydrogenolysis led to the free digalactoside, whereas hydrogenolysis alone resulted in the 1-Ο-propyl digalactoside. Both products were tested by inhibition ELISA of natural anti-Gala(1→3)Gal antibodies. The α-D-Galp-(1→3)-β-D-Galp-OPr was found to be the best inhibitor. Thus, the allyl group of the partially benzylated α-D-Galp-(1→3)-β-D-Galp-OAll was engineered, via the hydroxy-, the tosyloxy- and the azidopropyl intermediates, into an aminopropyl group amenable to binding to N-hydroxysuccinimide-activated agarose gel matrices in order to obtain specific immunoabsorption columns. Columns made of gel substituted with 5 μmol of disaccharide per milliliter were found efficient for the immunoabsorption of anti-αGal antibodies from human plasma.
