128538-82-9Relevant articles and documents
SELECTIVE CLEAVAGE OF ASYMMETRIC ACETALS TO HEMIACETAL ACETATES. RING OPENING OF CHLORINATED 2-ALKOXYTETRAHYDROFURAN AND -TETRAHYDROPYRAN DERIVATIVES
Buyck, Laurent De,Verhue, Ann
, p. 347 - 356 (2007/10/02)
Asymmetric acetals of α-chloro and α,α-dichloroaldehydes in acetic anhydride containing sulfuric acid afforded hemiacetal acetates at convenient rates at room temperature resp. at 127 deg C.The main product involved cleavage to the better stabilized α-alkoxycarbenium ion intermediate, with a typical ratio 87:13 for ethyl:methyl and 94:6 for propyl:2-chloroethyl.For 2-alkoxytetrahydrofuran and -tetrahydropyran substrates (alkyl = methyl, ethyl, 2-chloroethyl) ring cleavage was predominant (89-98percent).The kinetics were affected by several factors: the concentration of strong acid and of acetic anhydride (ionizing power of the medium), the ring size, nature and conformation of the 2-alkoxygroup and by a minor side-reaction that consumes acid by alkylation of its anion (OMe > OEt; eq.OMe > ax.OMe).
2,2,4-TRICHLOROBUTANAL: AN INVITATION TO THE SYNTHESIS OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
Buyck, L. De,Menke, N.,Schamp, N.
, p. 121 - 126 (2007/10/02)
The title aldehyde (1) was obtained in 69percent isolated yield by chlorination of 4-chlorobutanol in the presence of dimethylformamide. 3,3-Dichloro-2-hydroxytetrahydrofuran (3a) or the 2-alkoxyderivatives 3b and 3c were produced by treating the hydrate 2a or the hemiacetals 2b and 2c resp. with base.With aqueous ammonia 1 rapidly formed the hemiaminal which then slowly afforded 3,3-dichloro-1-pyrroline (4).In a rapid reaction with primary alkylamines 1 was converted to N-alkyl-3,3-dichloro-2-hydroxypyrrolidines (5).The 2-hydroxyl group in 5 was reversibly exchanged in the presence of alcohols or amines. 5 were converted to N-alkyl-3,3-dichloro-1-pyrrolinium salts by an excess of trifluoroacetic acid.