- Highly selective amination of o-and p-alkyl phenols over Pd/Al 2O3-BaO
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A series of Pd-based catalysts were prepared and examined for the amination of 2,6-dimethylphenol in a fixedbed reactor. The best results were obtained for Pd/Al2O3-BaO with a conversion of 99.89% and a selectivity of 91.16%. These catalysts were characterized using BET, XRD, XPS, TEM and NH3-TPD. Doped BaO not only improved the dispersion of the Pd particles but also decreased the acidity of the catalyst, which remarkably enhanced the selectivity and stability of the catalyst. The generality of Pd/Al 2O3-BaO for this kind of reaction was demonstrated by catalytic aminations of o- and p-alkyl phenols.
- Ma, Jianchao,Wang, Huabang,Sun, Meng,Yang, Fan,Wu, Zhiwei,Wang, Donghua,Chen, Ligong
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experimental part
p. 387 - 392
(2012/05/04)
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- Syntheses and15N NMR Spectra of Iminodiaziridines - Ring-Expansions of 1-Aryl-3-iminodiaziridines to 1H- and 3aH-Benzimidazoles, 2H-Indazoles, and 5H-Dibenzo[d,f] [1,3]diazepines
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Iminodiaziridines are synthesized, by (i) 1,3-dehydrochlorination with potassium, teri-butoxide of N-chloroguanidines, generated in situ from. N,N′,N″-substituted guanidines with tert-butyl hypochlorite, and (ii) base-mediated 1,3-elimination of sulfuric acid from N,N',N″- substituted hydroxyguanidine O-sulfonic acids. At elevated temperatures, (alkylimino)diaziridines undergo valence isomerization by 1,3shift, [2+1] cycloelimination to afford isocyanides and diazenes, and ring-opening elimination to yield alkylideneguanidines. N′-Aryl-N-hydroxyguanidine O-sulfonic acids furnish (N-arylimino)diaziridines, but no 1-aryl-3- iminodiaziridines, instead giving rearranged isomere. Precursors containing perdeuterated feri-butyl groups give rearranged products that show complete scrambling. This indicates that l-aryl-3iminodiaziridines are intermediates that undergo very rapid I degenerate valence isomerization. Provided that the ortho aryl positions are substituted, high yields of (arylimino)diaziridines are obtained, along with 2-imino-2,3-dihydro-3aHbenzimidazoles, Otherwise, 2-amino-lH-benzimidazoles and strongly fluorescent 3-amino-2H-indazoles, originating from rearrangements of the elusive l-aryl-3-iminodiaziridines, predominate. N',N″-Diaryl-N-hydroxyguanidine O-sulfonic acids give only rearranged products: a 2-amino-1H-benzimidazole and a 6-amino-5H-dibenzo[d,f][1. 3]diazepine if aryl = phenyl, or a 2-imino-2,3-dihydro-3aH-benzimidazole if aryl = mesityl. 3aH-Benzimidazoles slowly dimerize through Diels-Alder reactions. 15N NMR signals were assigned, to the syn and anti ring nitrogen atoms of iminodiaziridines with the help of a combination of homonuclear NOE and HNHMBC or HN-gHMBC experiments.
- Quast, Helmut,Ross, Karl-Heinz,Philipp, Gottfried,Hagedorn, Manfred,Hahn, Harald,Banert, Klaus
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 3940 - 3952
(2010/03/01)
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- Chemical process for forming 2,6-dimethylaniline
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Hydroxy aromatics are aminated to form the corresponding aromatic amine by reaction at 200°-400°C with ammonia in the presence of a cyclohexanone and water in contact with a hydrogen transfer catalyst. For example, 2,6-dimethylphenol reacts with ammonia in the presence of cyclohexanone, water and a supported palladium catalyst to form 2,6-dimethylaniline.
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