78-83-1

Basic information

• Product Name: 2-Methyl-1-Propanol
• Synonyms: 2-Methylpropyl alcohol;1-propanol, 2-methyl-;Isobutylalkohol [Czech];Alcool isobutylique [French];Alcool isobutylique;Isopropylcarbinol;Aluminium 2-methylpropanolate;1-Propanol,2-methyl-;2-Methylpropanol-1;2-Methyl propanol;Isobutanol or isobutyl alcohol [UN1212] [Flammable liquid];2-Methylpropan-1-ol;Isobutyl alcohol (natural);Iso-butyl alcohol;FEMA No. 2179;1-Hydroxymethylpropane;4-01-00-01588 (Beilstein Handbook Reference);Isobutylalkohol;Natural Isobutyl Alcohol;iso-Butyl Alcohol, Reagent;Isobutyl Alcohol;Isobutanol
• CAS NO: 78-83-1
• Molecular Formula: C₄H₁₀O
• Molecular Weight: 74.1216
• EINECS: 201-148-0
• Mol File: 78-83-1.mol
• Article Data: 234

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: -108℃
• Boiling Point: 105.039 °C at 760 mmHg
• Flash Point: 27.778 °C
• Appearance: colorless liquid
• Density: 0.802 g/cm³
• Vapor Density: 2.56 (vs air)
• Vapor Pressure: 1.2 kPa (@ 20°C)
• Refractive Index: 1.3945-1.3765
• Water Solubility: 95 g/L (20℃)
• CAS DataBase Reference: 2-Methyl-1-Propanol(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: 2-Methyl-1-Propanol(78-83-1)
• EPA Substance Registry System: 2-Methyl-1-Propanol(78-83-1)

Safety Data

• Hazard Codes: Xi:Irritant
• Statements: R10:; R37/38:; R41:; R67:
• Safety Statements: S13:; S26:; S37/39:; S46:; S7/9:
• RIDADR: 1212
• HazardClass: 3
• PackingGroup: III
• Hazardous Substances Data: 78-83-1(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

General Description

2-Methyl-1-propanol, also known as isobutyl alcohol, is a colorless liquid with a sweet odor. It is used as a solvent and as a raw material for the production of various chemicals. It is also used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Isobutyl alcohol is classified as a flammable liquid and can pose a fire hazard. It can also cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory system upon contact. It is important to handle and store isobutyl alcohol with care to prevent any potential hazards.

InChI:InChI=1/C4H10O/c1-4(2)3-5/h4-5H,3H2,1-2H3

Synthetic route

2-methyl-1,2-epoxypropane (558-30-5) → 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + isobutyraldehyde (78-84-2)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen; chromium(III) oxide; copper at 140℃; under 26252.1 Torr; for 0.666667h;	A 98.1% B 1.9%

isobutoxytrimethylsilane (18269-50-6) → 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1)

Conditions	Yield
With methanol; 1,3-disulfonic acid imidazolium hydrogen sulfate at 20℃; for 0.0666667h; Green chemistry;	97%

tert-butyl alcohol (75-65-0) → 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + water (7732-18-5) + isobutene (115-11-7)

Conditions	Yield
aluminum oxide at 315.546℃; under 11103.3 Torr;	A 1.4% B 1.1% C 96.4%

N,N'-(4-methyl-m-phenylene)-bis-carbamic acid diisobutyl ester (71412-40-3) → 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate (584-84-9)

Conditions	Yield
In 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene at 120 - 350℃; under 7500.75 Torr; Product distribution / selectivity; Industry scale;	A n/a B 92.9%

2-Methylpropionic anhydride (97-72-3) → 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1)

Conditions	Yield
With [Zn(BH4)2(py)] In tetrahydrofuran for 2.5h; Heating;	92%

isobutyraldehyde (78-84-2) → 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium tetrahydroborate; Dowex1-x8 In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 0.3h;	90%
gadolinium(III) isopropoxide In isopropyl alcohol at 30℃; for 2h;	74%
With PEG-bound sodium benzoyloxyborohydride In toluene at 21 - 23℃; for 2h;	66%

propene (187737-37-7) + carbon monoxide (201230-82-2) → 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + butan-1-ol (71-36-3)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: propene; carbon monoxide With hydrogen; triphenylphosphine; acetylacetonatodicarbonyl triphenylphosphine Rhodium (ROPAC) at 89℃; for 240h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With hydrogen; Raney-nickel at 110℃; under 18751.9 Torr; for 90h; Product distribution / selectivity; Inert atmosphere;	A 8.6% B 87.1%
Stage #1: propene; carbon monoxide With carbonyl-2,4-pentanedionato(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I); hydrogen; triphenylphosphine at 89℃; under 11251.1 - 13501.4 Torr; for 240h; Industrial scale; Stage #2: With hydrogen at 110℃; under 18751.9 Torr; for 90h; Industrial scale;	A 8.6% B 87.1%
Stage #1: propene; carbon monoxide With (acetylacetonato)dicarbonylrhodium (l); tris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) chloride; hydrogen; triphenylphosphine In toluene at 19.84 - 49.84℃; under 23289.8 Torr; for 4h; Autoclave; Stage #2: With hydrogen In toluene at 49.84 - 99.84℃; under 25877.6 Torr; for 4h; Autoclave;

Isobutylmethyl(p-nitrophenyl)sulfonium perchlorate (73198-21-7) → methanol (67-56-1) + 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + 1-methylthio-4-nitro-benzene (701-57-5) + Isobutyl p-nitrophenyl sulfide

Conditions	Yield
With water Mechanism; Product distribution;	A n/a B n/a C 15% D 85%

isobutyric Acid (79-31-2) → 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1)

Conditions	Yield
With lithium aluminium tetrahydride In diethyl ether at 0℃; for 6h;	80%
With diphenylamine borane In dichloromethane 1.) 0 deg C, 1 h, 2.) 20 deg C, 1 h;	72%
With hydrogen In n-heptane at 123℃; under 41372.9 Torr; for 4h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Solvent; Temperature; Time; Pressure; Autoclave;
With hydrogen In hexane at 130℃; under 15001.5 Torr; for 18h; Molecular sieve; chemoselective reaction;	83 %Chromat.
With methanol; CuO on mesoporous silica at 360℃; Reagent/catalyst;

Dihydroxy-isobutyl-boran (84110-40-7) + acetonitrile complex of hypofluorous acid → 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1)

Conditions	Yield
In dichloromethane at 20℃;	80%

3-methyltetrahydro-2-furanone (1679-47-6) → 2-methyl-1,4-butandiol (2938-98-9) + 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + butan-1-ol (71-36-3)

Conditions	Yield
With 5 wt% ruthenium/carbon; hydrogen In water at 100℃; under 105011 Torr; for 6.3h; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature;	A 80% B n/a C n/a

2-methylpropane-1,1-diyl diacetate (6283-77-8) → 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium tetrahydroborate; nickel(II) chloride hexahydrate In methanol at 20℃; for 3.5h; chemoselective reaction;	80%

2-methyl-1,2-epoxypropane (558-30-5) → 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + isobutene (115-11-7) + tert-butyl alcohol (75-65-0)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen; chromium(III) oxide; nickel at 90℃; under 26252.1 Torr; for 0.666667h; 100 - 170 degC, Al Ni Ti as a catalyst;	A 75.4% B 0.62% C 24.3%

1-butoxy-1-isobutoxy butane (20266-12-0) → 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + butyl butyrate (109-21-7) + isobutyl n-butyrate (539-90-2) + isobutyric Acid (79-31-2) + butyric acid (107-92-6) + butan-1-ol (71-36-3)

Conditions	Yield
With oxygen; cobalt(II) acetate at 90℃; under 750.06 Torr; Mechanism; Rate constant; other oxygen pressure;	A 5.5% B 3% C 3.5% D 5% E 73.5% F 7%

methanol (67-56-1) + ethanol (64-17-5) → 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1)

Conditions	Yield
With trans-RuCl2(dppm)2; sodium hydroxide at 180℃; for 2h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Time; Guerbet Reaction; Autoclave; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube;	71%
With Mn(CO)((C6H5)2PCH2P(C6H5)2)2Br; sodium methylate at 180℃; for 90h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Guerbet Reaction;	14.4%
With chloro(hexamethylbenzene)(1-hydroxy-2-diphenylphosphino-3-methylphosphacyclohexa-3,5-diene) ruthenium(II) hexafluorophosphate; sodium methylate at 180℃; for 2h; Glovebox; Autoclave; Inert atmosphere;	11.1%

carbon monoxide (201230-82-2) → methanol (67-56-1) + propan-1-ol (71-23-8) + ethanol (64-17-5) + 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen at 400℃; under 75007.5 Torr; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst;	A 65.2% B 1% C 3.6% D 27%
With hydrogen at 370℃; under 76005.1 Torr;

propene (187737-37-7) → propane (74-98-6) + 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + butan-1-ol (71-36-3)

Conditions	Yield
With carbon monoxide; hydrogen; decacarbonylditechnetium; bithionol In hexane at 235℃; under 150012 Torr; for 6h; Product distribution; also Tc2(CO)10-catalyst;	A 62% B 3% C 35%

carbon dioxide (124-38-9) + carbon monoxide (201230-82-2) → methanol (67-56-1) + propan-1-ol (71-23-8) + propylene glycol (57-55-6) + 1,4-Pentanediol (626-95-9) + 1 ,5-pentanediol (111-29-5) + Butane-1,4-diol (110-63-4) + diethyl ether (60-29-7) + methane (34557-54-5) + ethanol (64-17-5) + (+/-)-2-pentanol (6032-29-7) + 1.3-butanediol (18826-95-4, 107-88-0) + 1,2-pentanediol (5343-92-0) + ethane (74-84-0) + propane (74-98-6) + Dimethyl ether (115-10-6) + ethyl methyl ether (540-67-0) + 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + 2-pentanol (584-02-1) + pentan-1-ol (71-41-0) + 1,3-pentanediol (3174-67-2) + acetic acid methyl ester (79-20-9) + isopropyl alcohol (67-63-0) + iso-butanol (78-92-2, 15892-23-6) + tert-butyl alcohol (75-65-0) + butan-1-ol (71-36-3) + 1,2-dihydroxybutane (584-03-2)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen; Cu/Co/Al at 260 - 320℃; under 45004.5 - 75007.5 Torr; Conversion of starting material;	A 57.5% B n/a C n/a D n/a E n/a F n/a G n/a H n/a I 28.5% J n/a K n/a L n/a M n/a N n/a O n/a P n/a Q n/a R n/a S n/a T n/a U n/a V n/a W n/a X n/a Y n/a Z n/a
With hydrogen; Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 at 285 - 300℃; under 45004.5 - 67506.8 Torr; Conversion of starting material;	A 57.5% B n/a C n/a D n/a E n/a F n/a G n/a H n/a I 28.5% J n/a K n/a L n/a M n/a N n/a O n/a P n/a Q n/a R n/a S n/a T n/a U n/a V n/a W n/a X n/a Y n/a Z n/a

...Expand

carbon dioxide (124-38-9) + carbon monoxide (201230-82-2) → methanol (67-56-1) + propan-1-ol (71-23-8) + propylene glycol (57-55-6) + 1,4-Pentanediol (626-95-9) + 1 ,5-pentanediol (111-29-5) + Butane-1,4-diol (110-63-4) + diethyl ether (60-29-7) + ethanol (64-17-5) + (+/-)-2-pentanol (6032-29-7) + 1.3-butanediol (18826-95-4, 107-88-0) + 1,2-pentanediol (5343-92-0) + Dimethyl ether (115-10-6) + ethyl methyl ether (540-67-0) + 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + 2-pentanol (584-02-1) + pentan-1-ol (71-41-0) + 1,3-pentanediol (3174-67-2) + acetic acid methyl ester (79-20-9) + isopropyl alcohol (67-63-0) + iso-butanol (78-92-2, 15892-23-6) + tert-butyl alcohol (75-65-0) + butan-1-ol (71-36-3) + 1,2-dihydroxybutane (584-03-2)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen; Zn/Cr/K at 350 - 420℃; under 75007.5 - 135014 Torr; Conversion of starting material;	A 57.5% B n/a C n/a D n/a E n/a F n/a G n/a H 28.5% I n/a J n/a K n/a L n/a M n/a N n/a O n/a P n/a Q n/a R n/a S n/a T n/a U n/a V n/a W n/a

...Expand

lithium 2-lithioethoxide + isobutyraldehyde (78-84-2) → 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + 4-methylpentane-1,3-diol (54876-99-2)

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran at -95℃;	A n/a B 55%

alpha-D-glucopyranose (492-62-6) → 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1)

Conditions	Yield
With glucose dehydrogenase; 2-keto acid decarboxylase; 2-keto-3-desoxygluconate aldolase; acetolactate synthase; dihydroxy acid dehydratase; ketol acid reductoisomerase; NAD; thiamine diphosphate; magnesium chloride; alcohol dehydrogenase In aq. buffer at 50℃; for 23h; pH=7; Enzymatic reaction;	53%

3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propene (513-42-8) → 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + isobutyric Acid (79-31-2)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propene With Pd/SiO2; [Rh(trop2NH)(PPh3)]OTf; water; sodium hydroxide at 20℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With hydrogenchloride In water Inert atmosphere;	A 40% B 50%

2-methylpropenal (78-85-3) → 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1)

Conditions	Yield
With aluminum tri-n-butoxide at 60℃; for 5h; Time; Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley Reduction;	44.54%

1-(1-Isobutoxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-butane (20266-11-9) → isobutyl isobutanoate (97-85-8) + 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + n-butyl isobutyrate (97-87-0) + isobutyric Acid (79-31-2) + butyric acid (107-92-6) + butan-1-ol (71-36-3)

Conditions	Yield
With oxygen; cobalt(II) acetate at 90℃; under 750.06 Torr; Mechanism; Rate constant; other oxygen pressure;	A 6% B 12% C 6% D 26% E 33% F 14%

propene (187737-37-7) + carbon monoxide (201230-82-2) → 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + butyraldehyde (123-72-8) + isobutyraldehyde (78-84-2) + butan-1-ol (71-36-3)

Conditions	Yield
With (acetylacetonato)dicarbonylrhodium (l); hydrogen; triethylphosphine In ethanol at 140℃; under 37503.8 Torr; Pressure; Inert atmosphere; Autoclave;	A n/a B n/a C 30.8% D 11%
With dicobalt octacarbonyl; water; 1,2-bis-(diphenylphosphino)ethane In 1,4-dioxane Product distribution; var. CO pressure, var. temperatures, var. propene concentration, var. times;
With hydrogen; heteronuclear Pd-Co complex on silica at 100℃; under 2280 Torr; for 1h; Product distribution; var. of catalyst, temp.;

methanol (67-56-1) + ethanol (64-17-5) → propan-1-ol (71-23-8) + 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1)

Conditions	Yield
With trans, cis-[RuCl2(1-amino-2-diphenylphosphinoethane-N,P)2]; sodium hydroxide at 180℃; for 2h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Guerbet Reaction; Autoclave; Sealed tube; Inert atmosphere;	A 8.6% B 28%
With (bis[(2-diisopropylphosphino)ethyl]amine)Mn(CO)2Br; sodium methylate at 180℃; for 24h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst;	A 10.5% B 27%
With Ru(Ph2PCH2CH2NMe2)2Cl2; sodium methylate at 180℃; for 20h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Autoclave; Inert atmosphere;
With C42H48Cl2P4RuSi2; sodium methylate at 180℃; for 2h; Temperature; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; Autoclave;	A 5.3 %Chromat. B 38.1 %Chromat.

carbon monoxide (201230-82-2) + isopropyl alcohol (67-63-0) → i-Amyl alcohol (123-51-3) + 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + di-isopropyl ether (108-20-3) + 1-isopropoxy-2-methyl-propane (78448-33-6)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen; Cobalt rhodium; iodine at 200℃; under 315025 Torr; for 2h; Product distribution; other promoter, other pressure;	A n/a B 22% C 12% D 9%

2-methyl-1,1-bis(2-methylpropoxy)propane (13262-24-3) → isobutyl isobutanoate (97-85-8) + 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + isobutyric Acid (79-31-2)

Conditions	Yield
With oxygen; cobalt(II) acetate at 90℃; under 750.06 Torr; Mechanism; Rate constant; other oxygen pressure;	A 5% B 11% C 15%

n-butyraldehyde diisobutyl acetal (13002-16-9) → 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + isobutyl n-butyrate (539-90-2)

Conditions	Yield
With oxygen; cobalt(II) acetate at 90℃; under 750.06 Torr; Mechanism; Rate constant; other oxygen pressure;	A 14% B 8%

2-Methylcyclopentane-1,3-dione (765-69-5) + 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) → 3-isobutoxy-2-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one (22117-97-1)

Conditions	Yield
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid In benzene for 16h; Heating;	100%
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid	100%
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid In benzene for 8h; Heating;	99%

2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (327-92-4) → 1,5-diisobutoxy-2,4-dinitrobenzene (100876-90-2)

Conditions	Yield
In triethylamine at 20℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere;	100%
With triethylamine In chloroform for 5h;	91.6%
With potassium fluoride
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 120h;

2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) → isobutyric Acid (79-31-2)

Conditions	Yield
With 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-N-oxyl; trichloroisocyanuric acid; sodium hydrogencarbonate; sodium bromide In water; acetone at 20℃; for 3h;	100%
With tert.-butylhydroperoxide; copper(ll) bromide In water; dimethyl sulfoxide at 20℃; for 1.2h; Inert atmosphere;	88%
With aluminium trichloride; silver bromate In acetonitrile for 0.65h; Heating;	83%

2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (98-59-9) → isobutyl p-toluenesulfonate (4873-56-7)

Conditions	Yield
With tetrabutylammomium bromide; sodium hydroxide In water; toluene at 40 - 50℃; for 1h;	100%
With dmap; triethylamine In dichloromethane at 0 - 25℃; Inert atmosphere;	86%
With pyridine In chloroform at 0 - 25℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere;	81%

2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + 6-methyl-6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-5H-pyrrolo<3,4-b>pyridin-5-one (122706-30-3) → 7-Isobutoxy-6-methyl-6,7-dihydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-one (135128-35-7)

Conditions	Yield
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid at 108℃; for 3h;	100%

2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) → sodium-O,O-(CH2CH(CH3)2)2-dithiophosphate

Conditions	Yield
With diphosphorus pentasulfide In tetrahydrofuran for 2h; Ambient temperature;	100%

L-valine (72-18-4) + 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + toluene-4-sulfonic acid (104-15-4) → (S)-1-isobutoxy-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-aminium 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (13018-45-6)

Conditions	Yield
In water; toluene for 24h; Reflux; Dean-Stark;	100%
In benzene Heating;	84%
In benzene Heating;

2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + 2,3,6,2',3',4',6'-hepta-O-acetyl-α-D-maltosyl bromide (4753-07-5, 5160-10-1, 14206-57-6, 14227-66-8, 14257-35-3, 42385-75-1, 67650-37-7, 68682-05-3, 69308-57-2, 69349-74-2, 70223-96-0, 70223-97-1, 71276-38-5, 85248-99-3, 118493-15-5, 120575-76-0) → 3,6-di-O-acetyl-4-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-α-D-glucopyranose 1,2-(i-butyl orthoacetate)

Conditions	Yield
With 2,4,6-trimethyl-pyridine; 4 A molecular sieve; mercury dibromide In nitromethane; chloroform; benzene for 22h; Ambient temperature;	100%

2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + 2,3,6,2',3',4',6'-hepta-O-acetyl-lactosyl bromide (4753-07-5) → 3,6-di-O-acetyl-4-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-α-D-glucopyranose 1,2-(i-butyl orthoacetate)

Conditions	Yield
With 2,4,6-trimethyl-pyridine; 4 A molecular sieve; mercury dibromide In nitromethane; chloroform; benzene for 22h; Ambient temperature;	100%

2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + L-carnitine chloride (6645-46-1) → R-carnitine isobutyl ester

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride for 3h; Heating;	100%

2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + dimedone (126-81-8) → 5,5-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropoxy)cyclohex-2-en-1-one

Conditions	Yield
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid In benzene Heating;	100%

α-ketoglutaric acid (328-50-7) + 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) → di-i-butyl 2-oxoglutarate (105553-43-3)

Conditions	Yield
With Novozym 435 lipase B from Candida antarctica at 30℃;	100%

N-(3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-2-naphthyl)-5-methylfuran-2-sulfonamide (916913-52-5) + 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) → N-(3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-2-naphthyl)-N-isobutyl-5-methylfuran-2-sulfonamide (916913-53-6)

Conditions	Yield
With triphenylphosphine; diethylazodicarboxylate In tetrahydrofuran; toluene at 20℃; Mitsunobu reaction;	100%

methyl 4-{[2-[(pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)amino]-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl}benzoate (909896-93-1) + 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) → methyl 4-{[2-[isobutyl(pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)amino]-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl}benzoate (909897-17-2)

Conditions	Yield
With triphenylphosphine; diethylazodicarboxylate In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 1h;	100%

methyl 4-{[2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylsulfonyl)amino]-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl}benzoate (909897-11-6) + 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) → methyl 4-{[2-{isobutyl[(1H-imidazol-2-yl)sulfonyl]amino}-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl}benzoate (909897-26-3)

Conditions	Yield
With triphenylphosphine; diethylazodicarboxylate In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃;	100%

methyl 4-{[2-{[(1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)sulfonyl]amino}-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl}benzoate (909897-09-2) + 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) → methyl 4-{[2-{isobutyl[(1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)sulfonyl]amino}-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl}benzoate (909897-25-2)

Conditions	Yield
With triphenylphosphine; diethylazodicarboxylate In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃;	100%

methyl 4-{[2-{[(1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)sulfonyl]amino}-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl}benzoate (909896-95-3) + 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) → methyl 4-{[2-{isobutyl[(1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)sulfonyl]amino}-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl}benzoate (909897-18-3)

Conditions	Yield
With triphenylphosphine; diethylazodicarboxylate In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃;	100%

methyl 4-{[2-[(1H-pyrrol-3-ylsulfonyl)amino]-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl}benzoate (909897-07-0) + 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) → methyl 4-{[2-{isobutyl[(1H-pyrrol-3-yl)sulfonyl]amino}-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl}benzoate (909897-24-1)

Conditions	Yield
With triphenylphosphine; diethylazodicarboxylate In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃;	100%

2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + bis(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)tin dichloride (10175-01-6) → di(2-iso-butoxycarbonylethyl)tin dichloride (66896-27-3)

Conditions	Yield
In further solvent(s) addn. of Sn compd. to iso-butanol, reflux, acid or base catalysis;	100%

2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + 2,4-diisobutylamino-6-chloro-pyrimidine (72063-81-1) → 4-isobutoxy-2,6-diisobutylamino-pyrimidine (1067679-81-5)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 2-methyl-propan-1-ol With sodium hydride In mineral oil at 20℃; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: 2,4-diisobutylamino-6-chloro-pyrimidine In mineral oil at 125℃; for 72h; Inert atmosphere;	100%

2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanone (100-06-1) → 1-methoxy-4-[1-(2-methylpropan-1-yloxy)ethyl]benzene (1187923-23-4)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 2-methyl-propan-1-ol; 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanone With sodium tetrahydroborate at 20℃; Stage #2: With hydrogenchloride In water at 60℃; for 5h;	100%
With hydrogen In n-heptane at 80℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 2.5h;

2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + pivaloyl chloride (3282-30-2) → isobutyl pivalate (5129-38-4)

Conditions	Yield
at 20℃; for 0.0833333h; Neat (no solvent);	100%

2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + 3-chloro-n-propanesulfonyl chloride (1633-82-5) → C7H15ClO3S

Conditions	Yield
With triethylamine In toluene at 3 - 8℃; for 4h; Inert atmosphere;	100%

2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + 2,6-dinitrobenzonitrile (35213-00-4) → 2-isobutoxy-6-nitrobenzonitrile (1093204-61-5)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 2-methyl-propan-1-ol With sodium hydride In tetrahydrofuran; mineral oil at 0 - 20℃; for 0.5h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: 2,6-dinitrobenzonitrile In tetrahydrofuran; mineral oil at -70 - 20℃; Inert atmosphere;	100%

diethylphosphonoacetic acid (3095-95-2) + 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) → diethyl <(iso-butoxycarbonyl)methyl>phosphonate (75412-64-5)

Conditions	Yield
With 2,4,6-tripropyl-1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatriphosphinane-2,4,6-trioxide; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In tetrahydrofuran; ethyl acetate; toluene at 20℃; for 4h; Inert atmosphere;	100%
With 2,4,6-tripropyl-1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatriphosphinane-2,4,6-trioxide; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In toluene at 20℃; for 4h; Inert atmosphere;	95%

2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + 1-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)propan-1-one (20632-12-6) → 6-[1-(2-methylpropan-1-yloxy)propyl]-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 2-methyl-propan-1-ol; 1-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)propan-1-one With sodium tetrahydroborate at 20℃; Stage #2: With hydrogenchloride In water at 60℃; for 4h;	100%

2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + 1-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-2-phenylethanone (18212-83-4) → 6-[1-(2-methylpropan-1-yloxy)-2-phenylethyl]-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 2-methyl-propan-1-ol; 1-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-2-phenylethanone With sodium tetrahydroborate at 20℃; Stage #2: With hydrogenchloride In water at 60℃; for 5h;	100%

2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + benzonitrile (100-47-0) → isobutyl benzimidate

Conditions	Yield
With acetyl chloride at 0 - 20℃; for 24.5h;	100%
With acetyl chloride at 0 - 20℃; for 24h;	58%
With acetyl chloride at 0 - 25℃; Schlenk technique;

2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + C31H40N4O7 → C36H50N4O7

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: C31H40N4O7 With dmap; 2,4,6-trichlorobenzoyl chloride; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine; dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide In dichloromethane for 0.0833333h; Stage #2: 2-methyl-propan-1-ol In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 1h;	100%

2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + isobutyric Acid (79-31-2) → isobutyl isobutanoate (97-85-8)

Conditions	Yield
With 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate at 80℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 3h; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature;	99.8%
With sulfuric acid
With titanium(IV) oxide at 235℃;

Upstream product

• 67-56-1 methanol 
• 71-23-8 propan-1-ol 
• 6581-67-5 2-Isobutoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran 
• 74-90-8 hydrogen cyanide 
• 60-29-7 diethyl ether 
• 125563-05-5 triisobutyl methanetricarboxylate 
• 124-41-4 sodium methylate 
• 6791-12-4 2-methylpropyl xanthic acid 
• 78-81-9 isobutylamine 
• 1854-19-9 diisobutylzinc 
• 75-07-0 acetaldehyde 
• 78-84-2 isobutyraldehyde 
• 677-22-5 tert-butylmagnesium chloride 
• 15366-08-2 s-butylmagnesium chloride 

Downstream Products

• 110-19-0 2-methylpropyl acetate 
• 85716-38-7 4-isobutoxy-but-3-en-2-one 
• 120-50-3 isobutyl benzoate 
• 542-55-2 isobutyl formate 
• 547-63-7 Methyl isobutyrate 
• 30895-05-7 2,4,6-tris(2-methylpropoxy)-1,3,5-triazine 
• 37457-15-1 3-isobutoxy-2-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one 
• 2050-61-5 oxalic acid diisobutyl ester 
• 3905-64-4 2,6-di-tert-butylnaphthalene 
• 5669-09-0 1,1-bis(isobutyloxy)-ethane 
• 92097-02-4 isobutyl-isopentyl ether 
• 2050-01-3 isobutyric acid isopentyl ester 
• 10024-47-2 Priolube 1414 
• 68480-18-2 3t-[2]furyl-acrylic acid isobutyl ester 

Relevant articles and documents

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Manganese-Catalyzed Selective Upgrading of Ethanol with Methanol into Isobutanol

Isobutanol serves as an ideal gasoline additive owing to its good compatibility with current engine technology, high energy density, and high octane number. Herein, an efficient and selective Mn-catalyzed upgrading of ethanol with methanol into isobutanol is reported. This is the first example of deoxygenative coupling of lower alcohols to isobutanol by using a homogeneous non-noble-metal catalyst. This transformation proceeded at very low catalyst loading with a high turnover number (9233) and up to 96 % isobutanol selectivity.

Efficient and chemoselective hydrogenation of aldehydes catalyzed by well-defined PN3-pincer manganese(ii) catalyst precursors: An application in furfural conversion

Well-defined and air-stable PN3-pincer manganese(ii) complexes were synthesized and used for the hydrogenation of aldehydes into alcohols under mild conditions using MeOH as a solvent. This protocol is applicable for a wide range of aldehydes containing various functional groups. Importantly, α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, including ynals, are hydrogenated with the CC double bond/CC triple bond intact. Our methodology was demonstrated for the conversion of biomass derived feedstocks such as furfural and 5-formylfurfural to furfuryl alcohol and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfuryl alcohol respectively.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING BIO ALCOHOL FROM INTERMEDIATE PRODUCTS OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION TANK

The present invention relates to a method for producing a bio-alcohol by reacting a mixture of volatile fatty acid with methanol in 2 through 11 in a reactor in the presence of a 280 °C-membered alkaline earth metal catalyst or 400 °C transition metal catalyst formed based on a support.