136630-39-2Relevant articles and documents
Synthesis, Structure and Magnetic Property of a Cobalt(II) Metal-Organic Framework
Chen, Dong-Hui,Sheng, Tian-Lu,Zhu, Xiao-Quan,Lin, Ling,Wen, Yue-Hong,Hu, Sheng-Min,Fu, Rui-Biao,Wu, Xin-Tao
, p. 999 - 1003 (2017)
The three-dimensional (3D) porous cobalt(II) metal-organic framework (MOF), [Co3(L)2(DMA)2(MeOH)2·4(DMA)·6(MeOH)]n (1) [L = fully deprotonated 2,7-bis(4-benzoic acid)-N-(4-benzoic acid) carbazole, DMA = N,N-dimethylacetamide], was synthesized by hydrothermal reaction. Based on X-ray single-crystal diffraction, structural analysis indicates that complex 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. Complex 1 possesses a 3,6-connected three-dimensional (3D) topological structure with a point symbol of {42·6}2{44·62·87·102} when a trinuclear CoII cluster was regarded as 6-connected node and the organic ligands could be regarded as 3-connected linkers between the 6-connected nodes. The framework structure exhibits a one-dimension (1D) channel with an accessible void of 4223.0 ?3, amounting to 42.8 % of the total unit-cell volume (9862.0 ?3). Moreover, the magnetic properties of complex 1 were studied.
Thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine-based low bandgap photovoltaic copolymers: Turning the properties by different aza-heteroaromatic donors
Peng, Qiang,Liu, Xiangju,Qin, Yuancheng,Zhou, Dan,Xu, Jun
, p. 4458 - 4467 (2011)
A new series of low-bandgap copolymers based on electron-accepting thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine (TPZ) and different electron-donating aza-heteroaromatic units, such as carbazole (CZ), dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole (TPR) and dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-e]pyridine (TPY), have been synthesized by Suzuki or Stille coupling polymerization. The resulting copolymers were characterized by NMR, elemental analysis, gel permeation chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. UV-vis absorption and cyclic voltammetry measurements show that TPZ-based copolymer with TPR has the best absorption due to the strongest intramolecular charge transfer effect and smallest bandgap. The basic electronic structure of D-A model compounds of these copolymers were also studied by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The conclusion of calculation agreed also well with the experimental results. The polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on these copolymers were fabricated with a typical structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/copolymer: PC71BM/Ca/Al under the illumination of AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm -2. The performance results showed that TPZ-based copolymer with TPR donor segments showed highest efficiency of 1.55% due to enhanced short-circuit current density. The present results indicate that good electronic, optical, and photovoltaic properties of TPZ-based copolymers can be achieved by just fine-tuning the structures of aza-heteroaromatic donor segments for their application in PSCs.
Efficient Synthesis of 2,7-Dibromocarbazoles as Components for Electroactive Materials
Dierschke, Frank,Grimsdale, Andrew C.,Muellen, Klaus
, p. 2470 - 2472 (2003)
An efficient two-step synthesis of 2,7-dibromocarbazole is reported. Nitration and Friedel-Crafts acylation of 2,7-dibromocarbazole proceed readily at the activated 3 and 6 positions to give new multifunctionalised carbazoles, which are of interest as monomers for new electrically active organic materials.
Dynamically controllable emission of polymer nanofibers: Electrofluorescence chromism and polarized emission of polycarbazole derivatives
Kawabata, Kohsuke,Goto, Hiromasa
, p. 15065 - 15072 (2012)
Electrochemical polymerization of a series of N-alkyl-2,7-di(2-thienyl) carbazoles in acetonitrile was performed to obtain conjugated polymers with fluorescence. Scanning electron and atomic force microscopies revealed that the surface morphology of the polymer films significantly depends on the alkyl chain lengths of the polymers. Particularly, a homopolymer bearing hexyl groups and copolymers with an average alkyl chain length of six carbon atoms show nanofiber morphology. The polymer nanofibers were stacked on a substrate electrode. The fluorescence of the polymer nanofiber film was tunable with application of voltage, with good repeatability. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the fibers showed the structural order. The polymer nanofibers thus prepared showed an electrochemically driven change in polarized photoluminescence.
Conjugated polymers with carbazole, fluorene, and ethylene dioxythiophene in the main chain and a pendant cyano group: Synthesis, photophysical, and electrochemical studies
Anand, Vivek,Ramachandran, Elumalai,Dhamodharan, Raghavachari
, p. 2774 - 2784 (2016)
Six new conjugated polymers comprising of carbazole, fluorene, and ethylene dioxythiophene (EDOT) moieties along the backbone with a pendant cyano group attached to the ethylene moiety have been designed and synthesized via Sonogashira coupling polymerization reaction. Optical and electrochemical characterizations have shown that the energy band gaps lie within the range of 2.35–2.44 eV. Additionally, the presence of carbazole and EDOT makes these polymers better hole transporting materials, which is reflected from their low oxidation potential peaks (0.55–1.11 V) in cyclic voltammograms. Furthermore, the aggregation enhanced emission (AEE) phenomenon resulted in a 2.6-fold increase in fluorescence intensity in a 90:10 THF/water mixture in comparison to pristine THF. The AEE properties were further verified by DLS (dynamic light scattering) experiment and SEM (scanning electron microscopy) studies. Polymers in solution as well as in polystyrene matrix emit in the green region (quantum yield in solution state Φf =41–43%) with CIE values (0.25–0.36, 0.52–0.57). Excellent thermal stability is observed for the new polymers.
Syntheses, structures and luminescence properties of five coordination polymers based on designed 2,7-bis(4-benzoic acid)-: N -(4-benzoic acid) carbazole
Chen, Dong-Hui,Lin, Ling,Sheng, Tian-Lu,Wen, Yue-Hong,Hu, Sheng-Min,Fu, Rui-Biao,Zhuo, Chao,Li, Hao-Ran,Wu, Xin-Tao
, p. 2632 - 2643 (2017)
Herein we report five porous luminescent coordination polymers (CPs), namely, [Zn3(L27)2(DMA)6(H2O)4]n (TCZ-001), [Zn3(L27)2(DMA)6(CH3CH2OH)2]n (TCZ-002), [Zn3(L27)2(DMA)6(CH3OH)]n (TCZ-003), [Cd3(L27)2(DMA)6(H2O)2]n (TCZ-004), and [Cd9(L27)6DMA13(4,4′-BPY)2(OH)2(H2O)13.5]n (TCZ-005) [H3L27 = 2,7-bis(4-benzoic acid)-N-(4-benzoic acid) carbazole, DMA = N,N-dimethylacetamide, 4,4′-BPY = 4,4′-bipyridine, TCZ = "T"-shape carbazole-based polymers, L27 = fully deprotonated H3L273- ligand]. All of the five CPs were assembled from a novel luminescent carbazole-based ligand. X-ray crystallography showed that TCZ-001 is a 3-connected one-dimensional (1D) chain structure with a {42·6} topology. TCZ-002 possesses a 3,6-connected three-dimensional (3D) framework with a point symbol of {42·6}2{44·62·87·102}. TCZ-003 displays a 3,6-connected two-dimensional 2D network with a Schl?fli symbol of {411·64}·{43}2, which is a new topology. TCZ-004 features a 3,6-connected 2D net with a {43}2·{46·66·83} topology. In TCZ-005, the structure can be classified into two groups: one of the two groups is a 3-connected 1D chain structure with a {42·6} topology, similar to TCZ-001; the other one possesses a 3,3,3,4-connected network with a Schl?fli symbol of {42·63·8}{42·6}3. The structure of TCZ-005 could be described as an SP 1-periodic net (4,4)(0,2) in the 1D-2D.ttd database. TCZ-001, TCZ-003 and TCZ-004 show a remarkable response to the Ni2+ concentration in DMA, H2O or EtOH. Some of Zn2+ ions were replaced by Ni2+ ions and the rate of the transmetalation depended on the concentration of Ni2+ ions. Also, changing part of the metal node would transform the colour of emitted light. Additionally, the colour of the luminescence displays a linear correlation with the Ni2+ concentration range from 0.005 to 0.35 M (mol L-1). Besides selective sensing of Ni2+, TCZ-004 can also be utilized to detect Eu3+ in DMA solution. Thus, several potential sensory probe materials for Ni2+ and Eu3+ detection in DMA solution have been obtained.
Simple synthesis and molecular engineering of low-cost and star-shaped carbazole-based hole transporting materials for highly efficient perovskite solar cells
Lu, Chunyuan,Choi, In Taek,Kim, Jeongho,Kim, Hwan Kyu
, p. 20263 - 20276 (2017)
Perovskite solar cells (PrSCs) have emerged as a very promising technology in the field of photovoltaics by demonstrating power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) soaring from 3.9% to above 22% within the past eight years. To date, perovskite solar cells mainly depend on spiro-OMeTAD to perform a key role as a hole transporting material (HTM). However, the complicated multi-step synthetic procedures and high-cost purification process for spiro-OMeTAD limited its potential for commercial application. Herein, three new carbazole-based HTMs with a starburst structure, coded as SGT-405(3,6), SGT-410(3,6) and SGT-411(3,6) via tuning the substitution position from the (2,7) to the (3,6) position of the carbazole moiety, have been successfully synthesized via three-step synthesis from commercially available reagents and investigated for highly efficient perovskite solar cells. By adopting this strategy, among them, molecularly engineered carbazole derivative SGT-405(3,6) exhibits significantly increased Tg (192.7 °C), improved film forming ability, reduced hole reorganization energy and enhanced hole mobility compared to its parent molecule SGT-405(2,7) and spiro-OMeTAD. Owing to the promising properties of SGT-405(3,6), meso-porous type PrSCs employing SGT-405(3,6) showed a remarkable PCE of 18.87%, which is better than that of the photovoltaic device employing spiro-OMeTAD (17.71%). To the best of our knowledge, the achieved PCE (18.87%) is the highest value reported for devices with the structure of FTO/compact TiO2/meso-porous TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3-xClx/HTM/Au employing small-molecular HTMs. Meanwhile, owing to the simple synthesis of SGT-405(3,6), compared with SGT-405(2,7) previously developed by our group, synthesis cost was much lowered, resulting in low cost compared to the spiro-OMeTAD and SGT-405(3,6), by approximately three times. Furthermore, the long-term device stability of PrSCs was enhanced for SGT-405(3,6) to some extent compared to those of other HTMs studied here due to the good uniform capping layer of SGT-405(3,6) on top of the perovskite layer and the prevention of moisture penetration into the perovskite layer. Therefore, SGT-405(3,6) is a promising low-cost and efficient non-spiro type HTM with potential to replace expensive spiro-OMeTAD for PrSCs.
Two-photon fluorescent probe for detecting cell membranal liquid-ordered phase by an aggregate fluorescence method
Liu, Yong,Meng, Fangfang,Nie, Jing,Niu, Jie,Yu, Xiaoqiang,Lin, Weiying
, p. 4725 - 4731 (2017)
The cell membranal liquid-ordered (Lo) phase can control the structure and function of cell membranes. In this study, we have engineered a novel two-photon (TP) fluorescent probe, TP-HVC18, which remarkably displayed two different fluorescence emission profiles in the aggregate and solution states in distinct polar environments. In accordance with its aggregate fluorescence, TP-HVC18 also can emit a red fluorescence signal in Lo phase vesicles. Taking advantage of this unique feature, we have demonstrated that the new TP probe TP-HVC18 is suitable for imaging membranal Lo phase by an aggregate fluorescence method. Furthermore, the robust probe also exhibited uncontinuous red fluorescence distribution in the cell membranal Lo phase. Based on this intriguing character, we also successfully showed that the novel probe can be employed to exhibit uncontinuous distribution of cell membranal Lo phase by a 3D imaging technique. We expect that this aggregation-based fluorescent platform may be extended for the development of a wide variety of TP fluorescent probes for detecting several biological species.
Fluorescence behavior of a unique two-photon fluorescent probe in aggregate and solution states and highly sensitive detection of RNA in water solution and living systems
Liu, Yong,Meng, Fangfang,He, Longwei,Yu, Xiaoqiang,Lin, Weiying
, p. 8838 - 8841 (2016)
It is found that 2,7-substituted carbazole derivative HVC-6 possesses distinct luminescence features in both aggregate and solution states. In view of this, probe HVC-6 realizes highly sensitive detection of RNA in pure water systems by an aggregation-disaggregation method for the first time.
Synthesis of hyperbranched polythiophenes containing tetrachloroperylene bisimide as bridging moiety for polymer solar cells
Yang, Sheng-Hsiung,Lin, Tz-Shiuan,Huang, Yu-Zhang,Li, Husan-De,Chao, Yu-Chiang
, p. 6058 - 6068 (2014)
The goal of this research is to synthesize the hyperbranched polythiophene derivatives (P1 and P4) containing tetrachloroperylene bisimide as bridging moiety for investigation of thermal, electrochemical, and opto-electrical properties of these derivatives. The polymers (P2 and P3) containing soft alkyl spacer as bridging moiety and linear poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) were also synthesized for comparison in this study. Polymers with high regioregularity were synthesized via the Universal Grignard metathesis polymerization. The GPC results showed that molecular weights of hyperbranched polythiophenes are higher than that of P3HT. The TGA experiments revealed a first-stage weight loss at about 300 °C for all polymers; besides, polymers containing rigid tetrachloroperylene bisimide groups possess less weight loss than P3HT after heating, indicative of enhanced thermal stabilities. The UV-vis absorption maxima of hyperbranched polymers are similar to that of P3HT in film state, while their absorption shoulder bands are stronger than that of P3HT, indicating stronger interchain interaction and shorter distance between backbones by the introduction of bridge architecture. Moreover, an attenuation of fluorescent intensity was found for those hyperbranched polymers, implying reduced recombination of excitons to emit light and more opportunity for carriers to migrate to both electrodes. Electrochemical analysis showed that introducing hyperbranched structure resulted in decreasing both LUMO and HOMO levels of polymers. All polymers were used for fabrication of polymer solar cells with the configuration of ITO/PEDOT/polymer:PC60BM (1:2 w/w)/LiF/Al to evaluate their performance. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the P3HT:PC60BM-based device is 0.54%, while devices based on hyperbranched polymers showed PCE values in the range of 0.45-0.84%. The morphological study of polymer:PC60BM blend films was performed by AFM for interpretation of efficiency trend of devices.
