- Rapid synthesis of flavone-based monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors targeting two active sites using click chemistry
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A new library of flavone derivatives targeting two active sites of monoamine oxidases (“aromatic cage” and substrate cavity) were designed and synthesized using click chemistry (CuAAC reaction) between 6-N3-2-phenyl chromones (Az1–Az2) and a series of alkynes (k1–k20). Their inhibitory activities against MAO isoforms (MAO-A and MAO-B) are evaluated. Compounds with fluorine, amide bonds, or amino bonds have shown better inhibition. The most potent flavone MAO inhibitor studied is Az2k19 (1.6?μm for MAO-A, 2.1?μm for MAO-B), while Az1k15 and Az2k15 displayed better selectivity toward MAO-B (SI?>?10). Docking studies are in accordance with our hypothesis that these inhibitors are most likely located at both the substrate cavity and the “aromatic cage”. Our results show that it is considerable to develop new MAO inhibitors from C6 substitution of flavone derivatives and that these compounds are also potential for the treatment of diseases associated with MAOs.
- Jia, Wei Zhen,Cheng, Feng,Zhang, Yin Jun,Ge, Jin Yan,Yao, Shao Q.,Zhu, Qing
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Read Online
- Dinuclear Metal Complexes. Part 2. Synthesis, Characterisation, and Electrochemical Studies of Macrocyclic Dicopper(II) Complexes
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The synthesis, characterisation, and electrochemical studies of dicopper(II) complexes 1>2.nH2O of the macrocycle 7,11;19,23-dimetheno-9,21-dimethyl-tetra-azacycloicosa-5,7,9,12,17,19,21,24-octaene-25,26-diol (H2L1), and of some 6,12,18,24-substituted (Me4; Prn4; Ph4; Ph, Me, Ph, Me) derivatives have been carried out.These compounds undergo sequential one-electron transfers at two different potentials.For all of these compounds, except for 1>2.2H2O, two reversible or almost reversible reduction steps have been observed in acetonitrile medium using a hanging mercury drop electrode.In the case of 1>2.2H2O, the second couple became obscured due to the presence of an adsorption phenomenon or secondary electrode reaction.However, in NN-dimethylformamide (dmf) medium, satisfactory voltammograms have been obtained only with 1>2.2H2O.The mixed-valent complexes are considerably more stable in acetonitrile than is IICuIL1>+ in dmf.The potentials of the first reduction step (E1) remain practically invariant throughout the series and are independent of the extent of magnetic interactions in the dicopper(II) complexes.The potentials of the second reduction step (E2) vary with the alkyl and aryl groups present, and a linear plot has been obtained for E2 vs. the Hammett function ?m.On the basis of previously reported observations and the present study it is inferred that in acetonitrile medium the unpaired electron in the mixed-valent complexes remains localised on one of the copper atoms.
- Mandal, Sanat Kumar,Nag, Kamalaksha
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Read Online
- Bioactivity study of thiophene and pyrazole containing heterocycles
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Chalcones 3a-f were prepared by reacting thiophene containing pyrazolyl aldehyde (2) with different 2-hydroxy acetophenones 1a-f. The compounds 3a-f were transformed into different Pyrazolines 4a-f. The formation of chromene derivatives 5a-f occurred from the cyclization of 3a-f, which were then transformed into pyrazole derivatives 6a-f. Newly synthesized compounds have promising antibacterial activity against S. typhii and S. aureus, while weak activity against B. subtilis and E. coli. Compounds 5d and 6d had significant antifungal action towards A. niger, while most of the compounds were moderately active towards T. viride. Some of the synthesized compounds showed promising α-amylase inhibitory activity at 1 mg/mL concentration.
- Athare, Anil E.,Dare, Sushama B.,Kale, Nitin V.,Karale, Bhausaheb K.,Mhaske, Sadhana D.,Salve, Supriya P.,Takate, Sushama J.
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p. 891 - 899
(2021/09/08)
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- Electrophotocatalytic C?H Heterofunctionalization of Arenes
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The electrophotocatalytic heterofunctionalization of arenes is described. Using 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanoquinone (DDQ) under a mild electrochemical potential with visible-light irradiation, arenes undergo oxidant-free hydroxylation, alkoxylation, and amination with high chemoselectivity. In addition to batch reactions, an electrophotocatalytic recirculating flow process is demonstrated, enabling the conversion of benzene to phenol on a gram scale.
- Huang, He,Lambert, Tristan H.
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supporting information
p. 11163 - 11167
(2021/04/19)
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- REARRANGEMENT OF DIMETHYLPHENYLACYLATES USING ZEOLITES
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The present invention relates to a Fries rearrangement of specific dimethylphenylacylates to form the desired respective hydroxyaryl ketones having two methyl groups bound to the aromatic ring. It has been found that the process is surprisingly very specific in view of the number and position of the methyl group(s) bound to the aromatic ring.
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Page/Page column 9-10; 15
(2021/08/14)
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- Novel p-functionalized chromen-4-on-3-yl chalcones bearing astonishing boronic acid moiety as MDM2 inhibitor: Synthesis, cytotoxic evaluation and simulation studies
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Background: Novel 4-[3-(6/7/8-Substituted 4-Oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)acryloyl]phenyl-boronic acid derivatives (5a-h) as well as other 6/7/8-substituted-3-(3-oxo-3-(4-substituted-phenyl)prop-1-enyl)-4H-chromen-4-one derivatives (3a-u) have been designed as p53-MDM2 pathway inhibitors and reported to possess significant cytotoxic properties against several cancer cell lines. Objectives: The current project aims to frame the structure-anticancer activity relationship of chromen-4-on-3-yl chalcones (3a-u/5a-h). In addition, docking studies were performed on these chromeno-chalcones in order to have an insight into their interaction possibilities with MDM2 pro-tein. Methods: Twenty-nine chromen-4-on-3-yl chalcone derivatives (3a-u/5a-h) were prepared by utilizing silica supported-HClO4 (green route with magnificent yield) and tested against four cancer cell lines (HCT116, MCF-7, THP-1, NCIH322). Results: Among the series 3a-u, compound 3b exhibited the highest anticancer activity (with IC50 values ranging from 8.6 to 28.4 μM) overall against tested cancer cell lines. Interestingly, para-Boronic acid derivative (5b) showed selective inhibition against colon cancer cell line, HCT-116 with an IC50 value of 2.35 μM. Besides the emblematic hydrophobic interactions of MDM2 inhibi-tors, derivative 5b was found to exhibit extra hydrogen bonding with GLN59 and GLN72 residues of MDM2 in molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. All the compounds were virtually nontoxic against normal fibroblast cells. Conclusion: Novel compounds were obtained with good anticancer activity especially 6-Chlorochromen-4-one substituted boronic acid derivative 5b. The molecular docking study proposed good activity as a MDM-2 inhibitor suggesting hydrophobic as well as hydrogen bonding interactions with MDM2.
- Bhatia, Richa Kaur,Coutinho, Evans C.,Garg, Ruchika,Kancherla, Satyavathi,Kaur, Maninder,Madan, Jitender,Pissurlenkar, Raghuvir R. S.,Singh, Lakhwinder,Yadav, Manmohan
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p. 212 - 228
(2020/03/10)
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- Synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity of 2-oxo-2H-chromenyl and 2H-chromenyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-carboxylates
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Cycloaddition reaction of 4-chloro-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carbaldehydes (3a-g) and 4-chloro-2H-chromene-3-carbaldehydes (7a-h) with activated alkynes (4a-b) provided the 2-oxo-2H-chromenyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-carboxylates (5a-n) and 2H-chromenyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-carboxylates (8a-p). All the prepared compounds were screened for anti-inflammatory activity. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity data demonstrated that the compounds 5g, 5i, 5k-l and 8f are effective among the tested compounds against TNF-α (1.108 ± 0.002, 0.423 ± 0.022, 0.047 ± 0.001, 0.070 ± 0.002 and 0.142 ± 0.001 μM) in comparison with standard compound Prednisolone (0.033 ± 0.002 μM). Based on in vitro results, three compounds (5i, 5k and 8f) have been selected for in vivo experiments and these compounds are identified as better compounds with respect to anti-inflammatory activity in LPS induced mice model. Compound 5i was identified as potent and showed significant reduction in TNF-α and IL-6.
- Bhimapaka, China Raju,Karri, Shailaja,Kuncha, Madhusudana,Kurma, Siva Hariprasad,Sistla, Ramakrishna
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- Substrate substitution effects in the Fries rearrangement of aryl esters over zeolite catalysts
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The catalytic transformation of aryl esters to hydroxyacetophenones via Fries rearrangement over solid acids is of interest to avoid the use of corrosive and toxic Lewis and Br?nsted acids traditionally applied. Microporous zeolites are known to catalyze the reaction of simple substrates such as phenyl acetate, but their application to substituted derivatives has received limited attention. To refine structure-activity relationships, here we examine the impact of various parameters including the solvent polarity, water content, acidic properties, and framework type on the reaction scheme in the Fries rearrangement of p-tolyl acetate over common solid acids. The results confirm the importance of providing a high concentration of accessible Br?nsted acid sites, with beta zeolites exhibiting the best performance. Extension of the substrate scope by substituting methyl groups in multiple positions identifies a framework-dependent effect on the rearrangement chemistry and highlights the potential for the transformation of dimethylphenyl acetates. Kinetic studies show that the major competitive path of cleavage of the ester C-O bond usually occurs in parallel to the Fries rearrangement. The possibility of sequentially acylating the resulting phenol depends on the substrate and reaction conditions.
- Bonrath, Werner,Létinois, Ulla,Lin, Ronghe,Medlock, Jonathan,Mitchell, Sharon,Netscher, Thomas,Pérez-Ramírez, Javier,Stemmler, René T.
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p. 4282 - 4292
(2020/07/30)
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- Synthesis and Antibacterial Screening of Some New Pyrazolylchromones and Pyrazolylcoumaran-3-ones
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Some new pyrazolylchromones 4a-e (flavone analogs) and pyrazolylcoumaran-3-ones 5a-e (aurone analogs) were synthesized by refluxing chalcones 3a-e in dimethyl sulfoxide/I2 and Pyridine/ Hg(OAc)2, respectively. Spectral techniques such as infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry were used to confirm the structures of newly synthesized compounds. These compounds were studied for their antibacterial activities toward Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhi. Some of these compounds showed promising activity against test organisms.
- Takate, Sushama J.,Salve, Supriya P.,Dare, Sushama B.,Karale, Bhausaheb K.,Akolkar, Hemantkumar N.,Falke, Dnyaneshwar B.,Ghungurde, Rahul B.,Mhaske, Sadhana D.
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p. 525 - 530
(2021/02/02)
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- Thermal Behavior Analysis of Two Synthesized Flavor Precursors of N-alkylpyrrole Derivatives
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To expand the library of pyrrole-containing flavor precursors, two new flavor precursors—methyl N-benzyl-2-methyl-5-formylpyrrole-3-carboxylate (NBMF) and methyl N-butyl-2-methyl-5-formylpyrrole-3-carboxylate (NUMF)—were synthesized by cyclization, oxidation, and alkylation reactions. Thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimeter, and pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were utilized to analyze the thermal degradation behavior and thermal degradation products of NBMF and NUMF. The TG-DTG curve indicated that the maximum mass loss rates of NBMF and NUMF appear at 310 and 268°C, respectively. The largest peaks of NBMF and NUMF showed by the differential scanning calorimeter curve were 315 and 274°C, respectively. Pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry detected small molecule fragrance compounds appeared during thermal degradation, such as 2-methylpyrrole, 1-methylpyrrole-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester, limonene, and methyl formate. Finally, the thermal degradation mechanism of NBMF and NUMF was discussed, which provided a theoretical basis for their application in tobacco flavoring additives.
- Ai, Lvye,Liu, Mengzhen,Ji, Xiaoming,Lai, Miao,Zhao, Mingqin,Ren, Tianbao
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p. 2389 - 2397
(2019/08/01)
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- Practical and efficient synthesis of hydroxyaryl ketones catalyzed by HF@SiO2 under solvent-free condition
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A wide variety of hydroxyaryl ketones bearing different motifs was successfully synthesized with good yields and excellent selectivities in the presence of HF@SiO2 as an environmental friendly acid under solvent-free condition. Mild and green reaction conditions and excellent yields (50-91%) make this method an attractive method for the efficient synthesis of hydroxyaryl ketones. Fries rearrangement of phenyl benzoate in the presence of HF@SiO2 led to p-hydroxybenzophenone, while phenyl acetate in the same conditions produced o-hydroxyacetophenone as a single isomer.
- Paghandeh, Hossein,Saeidian, Hamid,Ghaffarzadeh, Mohammad
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p. 809 - 814
(2018/09/26)
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- Synthesis and in vitro activities on anti-platelet aggregation of 4-methoxyisophthalamides
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A series of 4-methoxyisophthalamides (1d–1w) were designed and synthesized and their chemical structures were confirmed by IR, MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR. The in vitro on anti-platelet aggregation activities of these compounds were assessed by using Born method. Compounds with higher activities were selected to continue research via Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays of their cytotoxicities. Biological screening results revealed four compounds 1h, 1i, 1q, and 1v exhibited higher activities than the control drugs on against the platelet aggregation induced by adenosine triphosphate (ADP). Moreover, compounds 1p and 1q exhibited higher in vitro activities than picotamide induced by collagen at the concentration of 1.3 μM. Compound 1p also possessed anti-platelet aggregation activity superior to the control drug picotamide induced by arachidonic acid (AA) at the concentration of 1.3 μM. At the same time, the result of cytotoxicities exhibited that none of the compounds have significant cytotoxicities. Therefore, 4-methoxyisophthalamides are potential to become novel anti-platelet drugs with high activities and minimum toxicities.
- Liu, Xiujie,Wang, Yan,Liu, Lili,Chen, Guangling
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p. 1971 - 1983
(2018/07/02)
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- Ultrasound-assisted synthesis and antimicrobial activity of tetrazole-based pyrazole and pyrimidine derivatives
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New tetrazole-based pyrazole and pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized by an ultrasound irradiation method. All compounds were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, mass spectrometry (MS) and elemental analysis and assessed in vitro for their efficacy as antimicrobial agents against four bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two fungi (Candida albicans, Aspergillus Niger). Compounds 8a, 8e, 9a, 9b and 9e show potent activity against the tested strains compared to the reference drugs chloramphenicol and clotrimazole.
- Dofe, Vidya S.,Sarkate, Aniket P.,Shaikh, Zarina M.,Gill, Charansingh H.
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- Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of nanocrystalline Ni(II)-6-methyl-4-oxo-4H-chromene-3-carbaldehyde complex
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The methyl substituted 3-formyl chromones was synthesized by Vilsmeier-Haack reaction. Nickel(II) complex was synthesized by refluxing the mixture of ligand solution taken into ethanol:acetic acid as 1:1 ratio and Ni(II) salt solution. The nature of bonding and geometry of the Ni(II) complex have been characterized from elemental analysis, FTIR, UV-visible spectral studies, thermal methods like TGA, the magnetic susceptibility, XRD, SEM, ESI-MS and molar conductance measurement, etc. Nickel(II) chloride is forming 1:2 (M:L) complex. The FTIR spectrum shows characteristic frequency band at 1614 cm-1 and 1695 cm-1, which belongs to carbonyl of pyron ring and neighboring aldehyde carbonyl in ligand respectively. The Ni(II)-ligand complex shows characteristic frequency of M-O- bonding in 545-466 cm-1 region. The electronic spectrum shows three absorption bands and confirmed complex has octahedral geometry. The formation of nanocrystalline complex and their bird feather like morphology was identified by powder XRD and SEM. Finally, NiO residue was obtained in thermogravimetric study of the complex. The ligand and its Ni(II) complex were screened for antimicrobial activities by the agar well diffusion technique.
- Kolhe,Jadhav,Takate,Aware,Athare
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p. 119 - 123
(2016/12/22)
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- New synthesis of 4-methoxyisophthalic acid
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A new synthetic route to 4-methoxyisophthalic acid, the key intermediate in the synthesis of Picotamide, is reported. The new protocol starts from commercially available and cheap 4-methylphenol and includes four steps: esterification, Fries rearrangement, methylation, and oxidation; the overall yield is 49%. Unlike the traditional Blanc chloromethylation/oxidation scheme, the proposed procedure avoids using volatile and corrosive hydrochloric acid.
- Liu,Yan,Wang,Li,Liu
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p. 459 - 461
(2017/05/09)
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- Synthesis, antimicrobial activity and anti-biofilm activity of novel tetrazole derivatives
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In the development of antimicrobial agents, we designed and synthesized novel tetrazole derivatives. The structures of compounds 6a-f and 7a-f were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS and elemental analysis. These compounds were tested for their antimicrobial activity against a series of strains Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and for antifungal activity against the strains Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Candida tropicalis. Compounds 6e, 6f, 7a, and 7f exhibit potent antimicrobial activities compared to the reference drugs streptomycin and miconazole. Tetrazole derivatives 7a-f also inhibit biofilm formation and compound 7f exhibits best anti-biofilm activity with a biofilm inhibitory concentration (BIC) as low as 0.9 μm.
- Dofe, Vidya S.,Sarkate, Aniket P.,Kathwate, Santosh H.,Gill, Charansingh H.
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p. 325 - 330
(2017/08/18)
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- A process for preparing 5 - substituted benzyl - 2, 4 - diamino pyrimidine and its derivatives (by machine translation)
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The invention discloses a process for preparing 5 - substituted benzyl - 2, 4 - diamino pyrimidine and derivatives thereof, in particular can be used for preparing omay pullin, b a oxygen animal pen amine pyrimidine, such as palestinian kuikui purin. The invention relates to 5 - hydroxymethyl uracil as raw materials, through the electrophilic substitution reaction, chlorinated, amino and hydrolysis step preparation 5 - substituted benzyl - 2, 4 - diamino pyrimidine and its derivatives. The method can be used for preparing various 5 - substituted benzyl - 2, 4 - diaminopyrimidines of the molecule, thereby avoiding the high-pressure reaction step, the safety is high, and is suitable for industrial production. (by machine translation)
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Paragraph 0049; 0054; 0058
(2018/01/11)
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- Preparation method for 4-methoxy-1,3-phthalic acid
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The invention provides a preparation method for 4-methoxy-1,3-phthalic acid. 4-methoxy-1,3-phthalic acid is key intermediate for preparation of an anti-platelet aggregation drug picotamide (with a trade name of plactidil). According to the preparation method, 4-methoxy-1,3-phthalic acid is prepared from the starting raw material p-methylphenol or o-methylphenol through esterification, Fries rearrangement, methylation, oxidation and acidification. Compared with traditional preparation methods, the preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages of low equipment investment, simple operation, quick reaction, high yield, low synthesis cost, greatly reduced environmental pollution and the like, and is particularly suitable for large-scale industrial production.
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Paragraph 0026; 0027; 0028; 0029
(2017/12/04)
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- Production of martite nanoparticles with high energy planetary ball milling for heterogeneous Fenton-like process
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Natural martite microparticles (NMMs) were prepared with a high energy planetary ball mill to form a nanocatalyst for a Fenton-like process. Martite nanoparticles (MNs) of different scales are formed when the milling time ranges from 1 to 5 h at the milling speed of 300 rpm. The catalytic performances of MNs are higher than the NMMs for the degradation of acid blue 5 (AB5) in a heterogeneous Fenton-like process. The NMMs and the MNs were characterized by SEM, EDX, BET, XRD and FT-IR analyses. The size distribution of the 5 h milled martite nanoparticles (MN3) is in the range of 20 nm to 100 nm, and these have the highest surface area (19.23 m2 g-1). The influence of the main operational parameters, including initial pH, MN3 dosage, H2O2 and initial dye concentration, were investigated on the AB5 degradation. The treatment process obeys pseudo first order kinetics and some of the degradation intermediates were recognized by the GC-MS method. The environmentally-friendly production of the MNs, low amount of leached iron and repeated catalyst usage are the significant advantages of this research. Finally, an artificial neural network (ANN) is expanded to estimate the degradation efficiency of AB5 on the basis of the experimental results, which indicates the appropriate performance (R2 = 0.955).
- Rahmani, Amir,Khataee, Alireza,Kaymak, Baris,Vahid, Behrouz,Fathinia, Mehrangiz,Dindarsafa, Mahsa
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p. 81219 - 81230
(2016/09/09)
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- 1,2,3-Triazole tethered acetophenones: Synthesis, bioevaluation and molecular docking study
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A small focused library of eighteen new 1,2,3-triazole tethered acetophenones has been efficiently prepared via click chemistry approach and evaluated for their antifungal and antioxidant activity. The antifungal activity was evaluated against five human pathogenic fungal strains: Candida albicans, Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Cryptococcus neoformans. Among the synthesized compounds, 9c, 9i, and 9p found to be more potent antifungal agents that the reference standard. These 1,2,3-triazole based derivatives were also evaluated for antioxidant activity, and compound 9h was found to be the most potent antioxidant as compared to the standard drug. Furthermore, molecular docking study of the newly synthesized compounds was performed and results showed good binding mode in the active site of fungal C. albicans enzyme P450 cytochrome lanosterol 14α-demethylase. Moreover, the synthesized compounds were also analyzed for ADME properties and showed potential as good oral drug candidates.
- Shaikh, Mubarak H.,Subhedar, Dnyaneshwar D.,Khedkar, Vijay M.,Jha, Prakash C.,Khan, Firoz A. Kalam,Sangshetti, Jaiprakash N.,Shingate, Bapurao B.
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supporting information
p. 1058 - 1063
(2016/07/29)
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- New gas-phase domino processes leading to benzopyranones and benzofurans
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A new domino approach to flavones by gas phase pyrolysis of β,γ-dioxophosphonium ylides containing a 2-methoxyphenyl group is frustrated by unexpected and novel decarbonylation of the intermediate flavon-3-yl radical leading to 2-phenylbenzofuran. Alternative approaches based on dioxolane protection of one carbonyl, or selective elimination in β,β′-dioxo or β-oxo-β′-thioxo ylides were not successful, but pyrolysis of a β-oxo-β′-phenylimino ylide did give the required domino reaction leading to a protected benzopyranone in moderate yield.
- Aitken, R. Alan,Chang, Da
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p. 164 - 184
(2017/03/11)
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- Silanediol-Catalyzed Chromenone Functionalization
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Promising levels of enantiocontrol are observed in the silanediol-catalyzed addition of silyl ketene acetals to benzopyrylium triflates. This rare example of enantioselective, intermolecular chromenone functionalization with carbonyl-containing nucleophiles has potential applications in the synthesis of bioactive chromanones and tetrahydroxanthones.
- Hardman-Baldwin, Andrea M.,Visco, Michael D.,Wieting, Joshua M.,Stern, Charlotte,Kondo, Shin-Ichi,Mattson, Anita E.
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supporting information
p. 3766 - 3769
(2016/08/16)
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- Photochemistry of aroyloxiranes: Substituent effect on oxepinones and hydroxyalkenones formation
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The photo-irradiation of some aroyloxiranes with Pyrex filtered UV-light from 125?W medium pressure Hg lamp has been described. These compounds furnished the 2-aryl-4,10-dihydrofuro[3,2-c][1]benzoxepin-10-ones and the hydroxyalkenones by the photochemical irradiation. The product(s) formation/distribution in terms of oxepinones and the hydroxyalkenones largely depended upon the nature of the substituent: the oxiranes having electron-donating groups in their benzoyl moiety gave the hydroxyalkenones while oxiranes having electron-withdrawing groups furnished the oxepinones as the major products. The formation of oxepinones has been envisaged to occur through the heterolytic [Formula presented] bond cleavage of epoxide to give carbonyl ylide intermediates followed by the furo-oxepinone ring formation via [3+2] cycloaddition and of hydroxyalkenones through the initial β-H abstraction followed by epoxide ring opening. The structures of all the compounds (substrates and photoproducts) have been determined on the basis of their spectral data (IR, NMR and Mass).
- Dalal, Aarti,Khanna, Radhika,Berar, Urmila,Kamboj, Ramesh C.
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p. 238 - 245
(2016/07/22)
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- synthesis of some 4-methyl-2-(3-methylbenzofuran-2- yl)quinoline -3-carboxylic acids
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In the present investigation, one-pot synthetic route for the synthesis of 4-methyl-2-(3- methylbenzofuran-2-yl)quinoline-3-carboxylic acids 3a-f has been described, involving the reaction of ethyl 2- (chloromethyl)-4-methylquinoline-3-carboxylate (1) with various 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethanones 2a-f in refluxing MeCN with the presence of K2 CO3 as base and PEG-400 as phase transfer catalyst. The structures of all the newly- 2 3 synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS.
- Fu, Xin B.,Li, Yang,Gao, Wen T.
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- A step toward simplified detection of serum albumin on SDS-PAGE using an environment-sensitive flavone sensor
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In this study, we report a series of novel flavone-based sensors that exhibit a superior fluorescence response when interacting with serum albumin in real serum samples and in acrylamide gels. The detection limit of probe 4 for serum albumin solution is 0.09 μg mL-1, and the detectable volume for monkey serum reaches as low as 0.03 μL.
- Liu, Bin,Pang, Yi,Bouhenni, Rachida,Duah, Ernest,Paruchuri, Sailaja,McDonald, Lucas
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supporting information
p. 11060 - 11063
(2015/07/07)
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- FLAVONOID COMPOUNDS OF LOW TOXICITY FOR BIOLOGICAL IMAGING APPLICATIONS
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Flavonoid compounds that are selective for a protein, a portion or a living cell, or a portion of an organism may be used as biological imaging agents. The flavonoid compounds are useful for methods of imaging organisms such as zebrafish embryos and zebra fish. Flavonoid compounds may also be used to detect protein. Advantageously, flavonoids that selectively bind protein, a portion of a living cell, or a portion of an organism may exhibit a florescence “turn-on” mechanism, where the flavonoids that are selectively bound exhibit a florescence response when excited.
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Paragraph 0114
(2016/03/09)
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- Design, synthesis and docking studies of novel thienopyrimidine derivatives bearing chromone moiety as mTOR/PI3Kα inhibitors
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Two series of thienopyrimidine derivatives (10a-k, 16a-j) bearing chromone moiety were designed and synthesized. All the compounds were evaluated for inhibitory activity against mTOR kinase at a concentration of 10uM. Four selected compounds were further evaluated for the IC50 values against mTOR kinase, PI3Kα kinase and two cancer cell lines. Some of the target compounds exhibited moderate to excellent mTOR/PI3Kα kinase inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity. The most promising compound 16i showed good inhibitory activity against mTOR/PI3Kα kinase and good antitumor potency for H460 and PC-3 cell lines with IC50 values of 0.16 ± 0.03 μM, 2.35 ± 0.19 μM, 1.20 ± 0.23 μM and 0.85 ± 0.04 μM, which were 8.6, >5, 7.9 and 19.1 times more active than compound I (1.37 ± 0.07 μM, >10 μM, 9.52 ± 0.29 μM, 16.27 ± 0.54 μM), respectively. Structure-activity relationships (SARs) and docking studies indicated that the chromone moiety is necessary for the potent antitumor activity and cytotoxicity of these compounds. Substitution of the chromone moiety at the 6-position has a significant impact to the inhibitory activity, in particular a carboxylic acid group, produced the best potency.
- Zhu, Wufu,Chen, Chen,Sun, Chengyu,Xu, Shan,Wu, Chunjiang,Lei, Fei,Xia, Hui,Tu, Qidong,Zheng, Pengwu
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- Catalytic application of fluorous silica gel in Fries rearrangement
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Commercially available fluorous silica gel (Fluoro Flash) with no further post-modification was successfully investigated and applied merely as a catalyst in Fries rearrangement of various aryl esters under solvent free conditions in 4 h and optimized temperatures. In addition to good yields and recyclability of the catalyst, toxicity of reaction medium, by-products, and wastes were minimized. Also, low catalyst loading was another advantage of this methodology.
- Ghaffarzadeh, Mohammad,Ahmadi, Maryam
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- Lithiation of a silyl ether: Formation of an ortho-fries hydroxyketone
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A hydroxy-directed alkylation of an N,N-diethylarylamide using CIPE-assisted α-silyl carbanions (CIPE=complex-induced proximity effect) has been developed using a simple reagent combination of LDA (lithium diisopropylamide) and chlorosilane. A study of the mechanism, and the application of the procedure to an anionic Snieckus-Fries rearrangement for a highly efficient synthesis of the potent phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002, are reported.
- Lo, Hong-Jay,Lin, Chin-Yin,Tseng, Mei-Chun,Chein, Rong-Jie
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supporting information
p. 9026 - 9029
(2014/09/17)
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- A new method for the facile synthesis of hydroxylated flavones by using allyl protection
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The iodine-induced oxidative cyclization of 2′-hydroxychalcones provides a simple, highly efficient approach to various hydroxy flavones and analogues. This process is run under mild conditions, tolerates various functional groups, and provides hydroxy flavones in good to excellent yield. The allyl-protected acetophenones and benzaldehydes were smoothly deallylated under similar conditions.
- Nawghare,Sakate,Lokhande
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p. 291 - 302
(2014/04/17)
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- Efficient deallylation of allyl phenyl ethers by molecular iodine in PEG-400 and their utility for flavone synthesis
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Rapid and efficient deallylation of allyl phenyl ethers by molecular iodine (20 mol%) in polyethylene glycol-400 at 60 °C has been reported. This method has short reaction time, readily available catalyst, and reuse of reaction medium with good yield. The utility of this methodology has been extended to flavone synthesis. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications for the following free supplemental resource(s): Full experimental and spectral details.]
- Humne, Vivek,Lokahnde, Pradeep
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supporting information
p. 929 - 935
(2014/03/21)
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- Design and syntheses of novel N′-((4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)methylene) benzohydrazide as inhibitors of cyanobacterial fructose-1,6-/sedoheptulose-1,7- bisphosphatase
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Cyanobacterial fructose-1,6-/sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphoshatase (Cy-FBP/SBPase) is an important target enzyme for finding inhibitors to solve harmful algal bloom (HAB). In this study, as potential inhibitors of Cy-FBP/SBPase, a series of novel chromone-connecting benzohydrazone compounds (Novel N′-((4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)methylene)benzohydrazide) were designed and synthesized. Their inhibitory activities against Cy-FBP/SBPase were further examined in vitro. Some of these compounds, such as f6-f8, f11, f12 and f16, exhibit higher inhibitory activities (IC50 = 11.2-16.1 μM), especially, the compound f7 was identified as the most potent inhibitor with IC50 value of 11.2 μM. The probable binding-mode of compound f7 was further analyzed carefully by molecular docking methods. These results indicate that compound f7 could be used as a lead compound for further optimization and might have potential to be developed as a new algicide.
- Tu, Qi-Dong,Li, Ding,Sun, Yao,Han, Xin-Ya,Yi, Fan,Sha, Yibamu,Ren, Yan-Liang,Ding, Ming-Wu,Feng, Ling-Ling,Wan, Jian
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p. 2826 - 2831
(2013/06/27)
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- Synthesis, anticancer activity and photophysical properties of novel substituted 2-oxo-2H-chromenylpyrazolecarboxylates
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2-Oxo-2H-chromenylpyrazolecarboxylates (8a-h and 12a-zb) have been synthesized by [3 + 2] cycloaddition of 2H-chromenophenylhydrazones (7a-h and 11a-w) with diethyl/dimethylbut-2-ynedioates. Phenylchromeno[4,3-c]pyrazol-4(1H) -ones (13i-n) were prepared from corresponding phenylhydrazones (7a-h) with catalytic amount of piperidine in presence of pyridine as a solvent at 100°C. All the synthesized compounds (8a-h, 12a-zb and 13a-n) were screened for anticancer activity against three human cancer cell lines such as prostate (DU-145), lung adenocarcinoma (A549), and cervical (HeLa) by standard MTT assay method. Further, photophysical properties (UV and fluorescence) for these compounds were discussed.
- Kumar, J. Ashok,Saidachary,Mallesham,Sridhar,Jain, Nishant,Kalivendi, Shashi Vardhan,Rao, V. Jayathirtha,Raju, B. China
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p. 389 - 402
(2013/10/01)
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- 3-Formylchromone based topoisomerase IIα inhibitors: Discovery of potent leads
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Substituted 3-formylchromones were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of the human DNA topoisomerase IIα (hTopo-IIα) enzyme. The results of the decatenation, relaxation and DNA intercalation assays revealed that the compounds (11b, 12a, 12b, 12d, 12e, 13a and 13b) exhibited potent inhibitory activity against the hTopo-IIα enzyme, and are nonintercalating agents. These compounds also possess significant in vitro cytotoxicity (LC50 ranges from 0.5-8.6 μM) against prostate (PC-3) cancerous cell line as seen in comparison to the standard drug etoposide. To further probe the plausible mode of action of 3-formylchromone derivatives, molecular docking studies have also been carried out, which showed that the compounds under investigation fitted well in the ATP binding pocket of hTopo-IIα enzyme with good docking scores and form nonbonding interactions with the crucial residues of the catalytic site. The Royal Society of Chemistry.
- Singh, Satyajit,Baviskar, Ashish Triambak,Jain, Vaibhav,Mishra, Nidhi,Chand Banerjee, Uttam,Bharatam, Prasad V.,Tikoo, Kulbhushan,Singh Ishar, Mohan Paul
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supporting information
p. 1257 - 1266
(2013/09/12)
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- Synthesis, characterization, spectral studies, biocidal Activities of Fe (II) and Cu (II) complexes of Azo dye Ligand Derived from sulfamethoxazole and substituted p-Cresol
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P-Cresyl acetate (I) has been prepared by acetylation of p-Cresol. Fries migration of (I) yields 2-Acetyl-4-methyl phenol (II). Clemmensen's reduction of (II) yields 2-Ethyl-4-methyl phenol (III). Diazonium salt (IV) prepared by diazotizatin of sulfamethoxazole. Azo dye ligand 3-ethyl-2-hydroxy-5-methyl- 4′-( 5″-methyl-oxazolel-3″-yl ) amino sulphonyl azobenzene (V) has been prepared by coupling of 2-Ethyl-4-methyl phenol (III) with Diazonium salt (IV) at 0-5 °CBy refluxing alcoholic solution of ligand with aqueous solution of metal salts yields azo dye ligand complexes (Vl) of ML 2 (H2O)2 or ML2 type. They were characterized by elemental analysis, absorption spectra, conductivity measurement, molecular weight determination and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The ligand as well as the metal complex has been screened for their antimicrobial activity against a number of micro organisms.
- Modhavadiya, V. A.
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p. 921 - 925,5
(2020/08/24)
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- Investigation on the substitution effects of the flavonoids as potent anticancer agents: A structure-activity relationships study
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Three series of flavonoid analogues substituted with different aminomethyl substitutions at C-6, C-7, and C-8 were designed and synthesized for the structure-activity relationship studies as potent anticancer agents. The prepared analogues were evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory activity against the growth of the hepatic cancer cell lines HepG2 and SMMC-7721. Structure-activity relationships indicated that not only the compounds with amino methyl groups were more active than those without the groups in the same series but also the compounds substituted by aminomethyl groups at position C-8 were more active than those at positions C-6 and C-7.
- Wang, Xiao-Bing,Yang, Lei,Kong, Ling-Yi,Liu, Wei,Guo, Qing-Long
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p. 1833 - 1849,17
(2020/07/30)
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- Synthesis of ortho-acylphenols through the palladium-catalyzed ketone-directed hydroxylation of arenes
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ortho-Acylphenols are an important structural motif found in a diversity of bioactive molecules ranging from natural products to drugs (Figure 1). Moreover, they also serve as versatile building blocks for the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals, such as warfarin, as well as agrichemicals, flavors, and fragrances. Classic approaches to the synthesis of o-acylphenols generally involve a two-step process: acylation of phenols followed by Fries rearrangement of the resulting phenyl esters (Scheme 1a). On the other hand, direct C-acylation of phenols has also been known under more forcing conditions. Although effective, these approaches are often complicated by the formation of undesired p-substituted products when bulky acyl groups need to be introduced, as well as the limited variety of ketones that can be generated.
- Mo, Fanyang,Trzepkowski, Louis J.,Dong, Guangbin
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p. 13075 - 13079
(2013/02/25)
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- Microwave-induced deactivation-free catalytic activity of BEA zeolite in acylation reactions
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Solventless liquid-phase acylation of p-cresol with different aliphatic carboxylic acids like acetic, propionic, butyric, hexanoic, octanoic, and decanoic acids was investigated over BEA zeolite under conventional as well as microwave heating. An unanticipated huge difference in activity was observed between two modes of heating. Under conventional heating, conversion of all the acids was less than 20%, while under microwave heating, the conversion was in the range of 50-80%. Ester formed through O-acylation and ortho-hydroxyketone formed through Fries rearrangement of the ester were the only products. Conversion of carboxylic acid increased with chain length up to hexanoic acid and then it showed a decrease in the trend. With all the acids, O-acylation occurred rapidly followed by slow conversion to ortho-hydroxyketone. The ketone/ester ratio increased with catalyst amount, temperature, and reaction time. Used catalyst samples were characterized by TGA, XRD, and IR studies to understand lower activity and deactivation behavior under conventional heating. The results showed absence of coke precursor/coke on the catalyst used in microwave-irradiated reactions in contrast to catalyst used in conventionally heated ones. Higher yield in the case of microwave-assisted reactions is attributed to the prevention of coke precursor/coke on the active sites by microwaves.
- Chandra Shekara,Jai Prakash,Bhat
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scheme or table
p. 101 - 107
(2012/07/14)
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- The phase change storage element and its manufacturing method
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Disclosed are a phase change RAM device and a method for fabricating a phase change RAM device, which can efficiently lower intensity of current required for changing a phase of a phase change layer. The method includes the steps of providing a semiconductor substrate formed with an insulating interlayer including a tungsten plug, forming a first oxide layer on the semiconductor substrate, forming a pad-type bottom electrode, which makes contact with the tungsten plug, in the first oxide layer, forming a second oxide layer on the first oxide layer including the bottom electrode, and forming a porous polystyrene pattern on the second oxide layer such that a predetermined portion of the second oxide layer corresponding to a center portion of the bottom electrode is covered with the porous polystyrene pattern.
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- Catalyst Compounds and Use Thereof
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This invention relates to Group 4 catalyst compounds containing di-anionic tridentate nitrogen/oxygen based ligands. The catalyst compounds are useful, with or without activators, to polymerize olefins, particularly a-olefins, or other unsaturated monomers. Systems and processes to oligomerize and/or polymerize one or more unsaturated monomers using the catalyst compound, as well as the oligomers and/or polymers produced therefrom are also provided.
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- Synthesis, structure-activity relationship of novel substituted 4H-chromen-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylates as potential anti-mycobacterial and anticancer agents
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Series of 4H-chromen-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate derivatives 7a-7zb, 8a-8d and 9a-9d were synthesized and screened for their in vitro anti-mycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (MTB) and cytotoxicity against three human cancer cell lines including A549, SK-N-SH and HeLa. The results indicate that six compounds are more potent and 7za is most effective anti-mycobacterial derivative compared to the standard drugs Ethambutol and Ciprofloxacin. However, 12 compounds exhibited cytotoxicity against human neuroblastoma cell line; amongst them the compound 7v is most effective compared to the standard drug Doxorubicin. This is the first report assigning in vitro anti-mycobacterial, anticancer and structure-activity relationship for this new class of 4H-chromen-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5- carboxylates.
- China Raju,Nageswara Rao,Suman,Yogeeswari,Sriram,Shaik, Thokhir Basha,Kalivendi, Shasi Vardhan
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scheme or table
p. 2855 - 2859
(2011/06/24)
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- Synthesis of 3-[3-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-2-yl]chromones as Antifungal agents
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Antifungal activities associated with chromones and thiazolidones prompted us to synthesize 3-[3-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-2-yl]chromones through the intermediacy of Schiff bases. Structures of new compounds have been assigned by the interpretation of their IR and PMR spectral data and are supported by elemental analysis. One of the Schiff base adduct has shown high antifungal activity (90.93 % inhibition of growth) against Aspergillus niger i.e., the fungus responsible for food poisoning and aspergillosis. It is worth mentioning as the isolation and purification of Schiff bases was not easy due to 1,4-adduct formation. Hence, a one pot synthesis of title compounds was designed by refluxing a mixture of 3-formylchromone, 2-aminobenzothiazole and thioglycollic acid (TGA) in benzene in presence of zinc chloride instead of reacting Schiff base with thioglycollic acid.
- Sharma, Vinay Prabha,Kumar, Praveen,Sharma, Meenakshi
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body text
p. 4616 - 4620
(2012/02/04)
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- Synthesis of hydrazones schiff bases and microbiological evaluation of lsonicotinoyl hydrazide with different acetophenone
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A series of hydrazones Schiff bases compounds have been synthesized by reacting isonicotinoyl hydrazide with 2-hydroxy-5-chloro acetophenone, 2-hydroxy-5-methyl acetophenone, 2-hydroxy-5-carboxy acetophenone, 2,5-dihydroxy acetophenone, 2-hydroxy-5-chloro-4-methyl acetophenone, 2-hydroxy-5-chloro-3- nitro acetophenone, 2-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-nitro acetophenone and 2-hydroxy-5-bromo acetophenone. The Schiff bases have been evaluated for the antifungal and antibacterial activities.
- Kelode,Mandlik,Aswar
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scheme or table
p. 1053 - 1062
(2012/04/04)
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- A facile demethylation of ortho substituted aryl methyl ethers promoted by AlCl3
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An efficient and practical demethylation of ortho substituted aryl methyl ethers using AlCl3 has been developed. This method gives a high conversion, is simple to operate and is cost-effective. A mechanism involving the complexation of AlCl3 with the OMe and the adjacent electron withdrawing group is proposed. Many functional groups can be tolerated in the demethylation process, and 29 examples gave a demethylated product in a yield of 90-98%.
- Du, Zhen-Ting,Lu, Jing,Yu, Hong-Rui,Xu, Yan,Li, An-Pai
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experimental part
p. 222 - 227
(2010/08/04)
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- Investigation of the molecular dynamics of some phenols and their acetyl isomers in solutions by NMR relaxation
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The dynamics of relaxations and Fries rearrangements in phenol acetates and their acetyl isomers was studied by the NMR relaxation technique in acetone-d 6. The results of 13C and 1H spin-lattice nuclear relaxation measurements show that these experiments can be used for determining the mobility and activation energies of the molecular motions of compounds in different systems.
- Mamedov,Magerramov,Bairamov,Mamedova
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experimental part
p. 2182 - 2186
(2011/02/18)
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- O-acetyl oximes as transformable directing groups for Pd-catalyzed C-H bond functionalization
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[Chemical equation presented] O-Acetyl oxlmes serve as effective directing groups for Pd-catalyzed sp2 and sp3 C-H functionalization reactions. The C-H functionalization products can be subsequently transformed Into ortho- or β-functionalized ketones, alcohols, amines, and heterocycles.
- Neufeldt, Sharon R.,Sanford, Melanie S.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 532 - 535
(2010/05/02)
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- Reaction of 3-(polyfluoroacyl)chromones with hydrazines: New regioselective synthesis of RF-containing pyrazoles
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Reactions of 3-(polyfluoroacyl)chromones with hydrazine, methyl-and phenylhydrazines proceed by the mechanism of nucleophilic 1,4-addition with subsequent pyrone ring opening and heterocyclization at the polyfluoroacyl group to 4-(2-hydroxyaroyl)-3-polyfl
- Sosnovskikh, V. Ya.,Irgashev,Moshkin,Kodess
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experimental part
p. 2146 - 2155
(2010/05/02)
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- Identification of anthranilic acid derivatives as a novel class of allosteric inhibitors of hepatitis C NS5B polymerase
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A series of potent anthranilic acid-based inhibitors of the hepatitis C NS5B polymerase has been identified. The inhibitors bind to a site on NS5B between the thumb and palm regions adjacent to the active site as determined by X-ray crystallography of the enzyme-inhibitor complex. Guided by both molecular modeling and traditional SAR, the enzyme activity of the initial hit was improved by approximately 100-fold, yielding a series of potent and selective NS5B inhibitors with IC50 values as low as 10 nM. These compounds were also inhibitors of the HCV replicon in cultured HUH7 cells.
- Nittoli, Thomas,Curran, Kevin,Insaf, Shabana,DiGrandi, Martin,Orlowski, Mark,Chopra, Rajiv,Agarwal, Atul,Howe, Anita Y. M.,Prashad, Amar,Floyd, M. Brawner,Johnson, Bernard,Sutherland, Alan,Wheless, Karen,Feld, Boris,O'Connell, John,Mansour, Tarek S.,Bloom, Jonathan
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p. 2108 - 2116
(2008/02/06)
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- Regioselective ortho-acylation of phenol and naphthol derivatives catalyzed by FeCl3 under microwave conditions
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Phenol and naphthol derivatives were subjected to regioselective solvent-free ortho-acylation with organic acids in the presence of FeCl 3 under microwave irradiation. The reactions were complete in a short time, and the products were obtained in high yields.
- Naeimi,Moradi
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body text
p. 1757 - 1759
(2009/09/29)
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- Regioselective synthesis of 5-alkylsalicylates, 5-alkyl-2-hydroxy- acetophenones, and 5-alkyl-2-hydroxy-benzophenones by [3 + 3] cyclization of 1,3-bis(silyl enol ethers) with 2-alkyl-1,1,3,3-tetraethoxypropanes
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(Chemical Equation Presented) A variety of 5-alkylsalicylates, 5-alkyl-2-hydroxy-acetophenones, and 5-alkyl-2-hydroxy-benzophenones was regioselectively prepared by TiCl4 mediated formal [3 + 3] cyclization of 1,3-bis(silyl enol ethers) with 2-alkyl-1,1,3,3- tetraethoxypropanes.
- Mamat, Constantin,Buettner, Stefan,Trabhardt, Tiana,Fischer, Christine,Langer, Peter
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p. 6273 - 6275
(2008/02/10)
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- Direct acylation of phenol and naphthol derivatives in a mixture of graphite and methanesulfonic acid
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Graphite in methanesulfonic acid is used to prepare o-hydroxyketones by direct acylation of phenol and naphthol derivatives with carboxylic acids. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
- Sharghi, Hashem,Hosseini-Sarvari, Mona,Eskandari, Razieh
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p. 2047 - 2052
(2007/10/03)
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