- Electrochemical fluorination of aromatic compounds in anhydrous HF
-
Electrochemical fluorination of anisole furnished 2- and 4-fluoroanisoles in a 3:1 ratio, guaiacol, and 4,4′-dimethoxydiphenyl ether. Phenylacetonitrile alongside the fluorination in the ring suffered the transformation of the cyano group into a trifluoromethyl. 4-Bromobenzamide was fluorinated to a high conversion mostly in the ring to afford predominantly 4-bromo-3,3,6,6-tetrafluoro-1,4-cyclohexadienecarboxamide. 4-Bromonitrobenzene in a low yield gave 4-bromofluoronitrobenzene and 3,4-dibromofluoronitrobenzene. 3-Bromo-nitrobenzene and 1,4-dichlorobenzene did not undergo fluorination. In the course of the electrolysis of the 4-bromobenzamide and 4-bromonitrobenzene in anhydrous HF apart the fluorination occurred also the bromination of the substrates. Pleiades Publishing, Inc. 2006.
- Shainyan,Danilevich
-
-
Read Online
- Synthesis, experimental and theoretical investigation of molecular structure, IR, Raman spectra and 1H NMR analyses of 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl ether and 4,4′-oxybis(1-methoxybenzene)
-
4,4′-Dihydroxydiphenyl ether and 4,4′-oxybis(1-methoxybenzene) are synthesized. Experimental and theoretical studies on molecular structure, infrared spectra (IR), Raman spectra and nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1H NMR) chemical shifts of the two synthesized compounds have been worked out. All the theoretical results, which are obtained with B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) method by using the Gaussian 09 program, have been applied to simulate molecular structure, infrared, Raman and NMR spectra of the compounds. The compared results reveal that the calculated geometric parameters match well with experimental values; the scaled theoretical vibrational frequencies are in good accordance with observed spectra; and computational chemical shifts are consistent with the experimental values in most part, except for some minor deviations. These great coincidences prove that the computational method B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) can be used to predict the properties of other similar materials where it is difficult to arrive at experimental results.
- Liu, Fu,Wei, Zhongbo,Wang, Liansheng,Wang, Zunyao
-
-
Read Online
- Aromatic ether compound or the sulfhydryl compound
-
[Problem] Aromatic ether compounds and aromatic sulfide compound of this new technology to[Solution] In general formula (1a), (1b), (1c) palladium or nickel compound or a phosphine compound represented by the compound comprising a transition metal compound in the presence of a transition metal catalyst, (A1) is represented by compounds having hydroxy carbon C a-OH or (A2) with a compound represented by the sulfhydryl carbon C a-SH, nitro group (- NO2 ) To react with an aromatic nitro compound (B), (A1) to the compound of the aromatic nitro compound (C1) or the reaction product of an aromatic ether compounds (B) hetero coupling (A2) of the compounds of the reaction product of an aromatic sulfide compound of an aromatic nitro compound (C2) generating (B) hetero coupling characterized by comprising the step of, aromatic ether compounds or aromatic sulfide compound. [Drawing] no
- -
-
Paragraph 0072; 0074; 0078; 0109
(2021/11/19)
-
- Oxalohydrazide Ligands for Copper-Catalyzed C?O Coupling Reactions with High Turnover Numbers
-
Here, we report a class of ligands based on oxalohydrazide cores and N-amino pyrrole and N-amino indole units that generates long-lived copper catalysts for couplings that form the C?O bonds in biaryl ethers. These Cu-catalyzed coupling of phenols with aryl bromides occurred with turnovers up to 8000, a value which is nearly two orders of magnitude higher than those of prior couplings to form biaryl ethers and nearly an order of magnitude higher than those of any prior copper-catalyzed coupling of aryl bromides and chlorides. This ligand also led to copper systems that catalyze the coupling of aryl chlorides with phenols and the coupling of aryl bromides and iodides with primary benzylic and aliphatic alcohols. A wide variety of functional groups including nitriles, halides, ethers, ketones, amines, esters, amides, vinylarenes, alcohols and boronic acid esters were tolerated, and reactions occurred with aryl bromides in pharmaceutically related structures.
- Ray, Ritwika,Hartwig, John F.
-
supporting information
p. 8203 - 8211
(2021/03/08)
-
- Ligand compound for copper catalyzed aryl halide coupling reaction, catalytic system and coupling reaction
-
The invention provides a ligand compound capable of being used for copper catalyzed aryl halide coupling reaction, the ligand compound is a three-class compound containing a 2-(substituted or non-substituted) aminopyridine nitrogen-oxygen group, and the invention also provides a catalytic system for the aryl halide coupling reaction. Thecatalytic system comprises a copper catalyst, a compound containing a 2-(substituted or non-substituted) aminopyridine nitrogen-oxygen group adopted as a ligand, alkali and a solvent, and meanwhile, the invention also provides a system for the aryl halide coupling reaction adopting the catalyst system. The compound containing the 2-(substituted or non-substituted) aminopyridine nitrogen oxygen group can be used as the ligand for the copper catalyzed aryl chloride coupling reaction, and the ligand is stable under a strong alkaline condition and can well maintain catalytic activity when being used for the copper-catalyzed aryl chloride coupling reaction. In addition, the copper catalyst adopting the compound as the ligand can particularly effectively promote coupling of copper catalyzed aryl chloride and various nucleophilic reagents which are difficult to generate under conventional conditions, C-N, C-O and C-S bonds are generated, and numerous useful small molecule compounds are synthesized. Therefore, the aryl halide coupling reaction has a very good large-scale application prospect by adopting the copper catalysis system of the ligand.
- -
-
Paragraph 0134-0139
(2021/05/29)
-
- A novel magnetic polyacrylonotrile-based palladium Core?Shell complex: A highly efficientcatalyst for Synthesis of Diaryl ethers
-
The present article describes the synthesis of a new magnetic polyacrylonitrile-based Pd catalyst involving polyacrylonitrile modified via 2-aminopyridine as an efficient support to immobilize Pd nanoparticles. The simple reusability, easy separation and high stability of this Pd complex make it an excellent candidate to generate a C–O bond via Ph-X activation which is a really important subject in achieving biologically active compounds. It is worth to note access to good and high yields as well as broad substrate scope have resulted from superior reactivity of this catalyst complex. Furthermore, the structure of the magnetic polyacrylonitrile-based heterogeneous catalyst was characterized by fourier transmission infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD). Also, its thermal properties were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
- Eslami, Mohammad,Jarahiyan, Atefeh,Moghaddam, Firouz Matloubi,Pourjavadi, Ali
-
-
- Identification of an Oxalamide Ligand for Copper-Catalyzed C?O Couplings from a Pharmaceutical Compound Library
-
A typical pharmaceutical compound library is stocked with molecular diversity and could provide a platform for the discovery of new ligand structures. Herein, we describe the use of this approach in combination with high throughput screening to identify N,N’-bis(thiophene-2-ylmethyl)oxalamide as a ligand that is generally effective for copper-catalyzed C?O cross-couplings to prepare both biarylethers as well as phenols under mild conditions.
- Chan, Vincent S.,Krabbe, Scott W.,Li, Changfeng,Sun, Lijie,Liu, Yue,Nett, Alex J.
-
-
- The First C?Cl Activation in Ullmann C?O Coupling by MOFs
-
It was found that introduction of only 0.03 mol % Ag(I) into the framework of Cu3(BTC)2 ? xH2O in maghemite anchored CuBTC activated the inert CuBTC astonishingly to exhibit unexpected high catalytic activity for C?Cl activation in coupling of chloroarenes with phenols without the use of expensive ligands. This is the first application of mixed-metal MOFs in the C?X activation. Putting reusability and activity together, a TON over 15000 was obtained which is the highest TON compared with all its precedents even better than the results by Pd catalysts.
- Ramezani, Leila,Yahyazadeh, Asieh,Sheykhan, Mehdi
-
p. 4636 - 4651
(2018/09/21)
-
- Immobilized palladium nanoparticles on MNPs@A-N-AEB as an efficient catalyst for C-O bond formation in water as a green Solvent
-
Palladium nanoparticles immobilized on the magnetic nanoparticles@2-amino-N-(2-aminoethyl) benzamide (MNPs@A-N-AEB.Pd0) have been presented as an efficient, and reusable magnetically heterogeneous catalyst for the C-O coupling reaction, namely Ullmann condensation reactions in an aqueous medium. This heterogeneous catalyst shows superior reactivity for the C-O arylation of different aryl halide (chloride, bromide, and iodide) with phenol derivatives to afford the desired products in good to excellent yields within short reaction time. Moreover, the catalyst can be easily recovered and reused for seven runs without loss of catalytic activity. The catalyst was characterized by several techniques, such as FT-IR, SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD, TGA and ICP-OES.
- Moghaddam, Firouz Matloubi,Eslami, Mohammad
-
-
- Palladium-Catalyzed Formal Cross-Coupling of Diaryl Ethers with Amines: Slicing the 4-O-5 Linkage in Lignin Models
-
Lignin is the second most abundant organic matter on Earth, and is an underutilized renewable source for valuable aromatic chemicals. For future sustainable production of aromatic compounds, it is highly desirable to convert lignin into value-added platform chemicals instead of using fossil-based resources. Lignins are aromatic polymers linked by three types of ether bonds (α-O-4, β-O-4, and 4-O-5 linkages) and other C?C bonds. Among the ether bonds, the bond dissociation energy of the 4-O-5 linkage is the highest and the most challenging to cleave. To date, 4-O-5 ether linkage model compounds have been cleaved to obtain phenol, cyclohexane, cyclohexanone, and cyclohexanol. The first example of direct formal cross-coupling of diaryl ether 4-O-5 linkage models with amines is reported, in which dual C(Ar)?O bond cleavages form valuable nitrogen-containing derivatives.
- Zeng, Huiying,Cao, Dawei,Qiu, Zihang,Li, Chao-Jun
-
supporting information
p. 3752 - 3757
(2018/03/13)
-
- Competing Pathways in O-Arylations with Diaryliodonium Salts: Mechanistic Insights
-
A mechanistic study of arylations of aliphatic alcohols and hydroxide with diaryliodonium salts, to give alkyl aryl ethers and diaryl ethers, has been performed using experimental techniques and DFT calculations. Aryne intermediates have been trapped, and additives to avoid by-product formation originating from arynes have been found. An alcohol oxidation pathway was observed in parallel to arylation; this is suggested to proceed by an intramolecular mechanism. Product formation pathways via ligand coupling and arynes have been compared, and 4-coordinated transition states were found to be favored in reactions with alcohols. Furthermore, a novel, direct nucleophilic substitution pathway has been identified in reactions with electron-deficient diaryliodonium salts.
- Stridfeldt, Elin,Lindstedt, Erik,Reitti, Marcus,Blid, Jan,Norrby, Per-Ola,Olofsson, Berit
-
supporting information
p. 13249 - 13258
(2017/09/12)
-
- Copper-Catalyzed Hydroxylation of (Hetero)aryl Halides under Mild Conditions
-
The combination of Cu(acac)2 and N,N′-bis(4-hydroxyl-2,6-dimethylphenyl)oxalamide (BHMPO) provides a powerful catalytic system for hydroxylation of (hetero)aryl halides. A wide range of (hetero)aryl chlorides bearing either electron-donating or -withdrawing groups proceeded well at 130 °C, delivering the corresponding phenols and hydroxylated heteroarenes in good to excellent yields. When more reactive (hetero)aryl bromides and iodides were employed, the hydroxylation reactions completed at relatively low temperatures (80 and 60 °C, respectively) at low catalytic loadings (0.5 mol % Cu).
- Xia, Shanghua,Gan, Lu,Wang, Kailiang,Li, Zheng,Ma, Dawei
-
supporting information
p. 13493 - 13496
(2016/10/31)
-
- Copper and l-sodium ascorbate catalyzed hydroxylation and aryloxylation of aryl halides
-
CuSO4·5H2O and NaAsc catalyzed hydroxylation and C-O/C-S cross-coupling reactions of aryl halides with phenols or 4-methylbenzenethiol were described. A wide range of substrates and test cases highlight the synthetic utility of the approach. A series of phenols, diaryl ethers, alkylaryl ethers, and diaryl thioethers were synthesized in high yield.
- Song, Guang-Lin,Zhang, Zhang,Da, Yu-Xia,Wang, Xi-Cun
-
supporting information
p. 8823 - 8829
(2015/10/20)
-
- CsF/clinoptilolite: An efficient solid base in SNAr and copper-catalyzed Ullmann reactions
-
CsF/clinoptilolite was found to be an efficient solid base catalyst for both SNAr and Ullmann ether reactions. A general and efficient one-step procedure was developed for the synthesis of biaryl ethers via direct coupling of electron-deficient aryl halides to phenols using CsF/clinoptilolite. The protocol was also applied to electron-rich aryl halides by addition of a catalytic amount of copper oxide nanoparticles. Both SNAr and Ullmann reactions were rapid and provided good to excellent yields.
- Keipour, Hoda,Hosseini, Abolfazl,Afsari, Amir,Oladee, Razieh,Khalilzadeh, Mohammad A.,Ollevier, Thierry
-
-
- Carbon nanofiber supported copper nanoparticles catalyzed Ullmann-type coupling reactions under ligand-free conditions
-
A carbon nanofiber supported copper nanoparticle (CuNP/CNF) catalyst was prepared and used for Ullmann-type couplings under ligand-free conditions. The catalyst exhibited high catalytic activity in C-O and C-N bond formation couplings. This journal is
- Li, Hongqiang,Li, Chunping,Bai, Jie,Zhang, Chenglin,Sun, Weiyan
-
p. 48362 - 48367
(2014/12/10)
-
- Facile preparation of unsymmetrical diaryl ethers from unsymmetrical diaryliodonium tosylates and phenols with high regioselectivity
-
Unsymmetrical diaryl ethers were efficiently obtained in good yields by the reactions of aryl(4-methoxyphenyl)iodonium tosylates with phenols, and aryl(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)iodonium tosylates with phenols, in the presence of potassium carbonate in acetonitrile, respectively. The latter iodonium tosylates provided the corresponding unsymmetrical diaryl ethers in good yields with high regioselectivities, together with the quantitative formation of 1-iodo-2,4-dimethoxybenzene. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart New York.
- Kakinuma, Yohji,Moriyama, Katsuhiko,Togo, Hideo
-
p. 183 - 188
(2013/02/23)
-
- An Ullmann C-O coupling reaction catalyzed by magnetic copper ferrite nanoparticles
-
Herein, an efficient method for the Ullmann C-O coupling reaction between various kinds of phenols and aryl halides, including amino, ketone, cyano, methyl, methoxy, fluoro, chloro and bromo derivatives, is described. The catalyst used, copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) nanoparticles, are easily made, air-stable, and of low cost. The catalyst can be recycled easily just by using an external magnet. Even in the presence of sensitive substituents, the reaction proceeds successfully to provide the desired products in high yields without protection of other functional groups. Copyright
- Yang, Shuliang,Wu, Cunqi,Zhou, Hua,Yang, Yanqin,Zhao, Yongxia,Wang, Chenxu,Yang, Wei,Xu, Jingwei
-
supporting information
p. 53 - 58
(2013/03/13)
-
- Metal-free arylation of oxygen nucleophiles with diaryliodonium salts
-
Phenols and carboxylic acids are efficiently arylated with diaryliodonium salts. The reaction conditions are mild, metal free, and avoid the use of halogenated solvents, additives, and excess reagents. The products are obtained in good-to-excellent yields after short reaction times. Steric hindrance is very well tolerated, both in the nucleophile and diaryliodonium salt. The scope includes ortho- and halo-substituted products, which are difficult to obtain by metal-catalyzed protocols. Many functional groups are tolerated, including carbonyl groups, heteroatoms, and alkenes. Unsymmetric salts can be chemoselectively utilized to obtain products with hitherto unreported levels of steric congestion. The arylation has been extended to sulfonic acids, which can be converted to sulfonate esters by two different approaches. With recent advances in efficient synthetic procedures for diaryliodonium salts the reagents are now inexpensive and readily available. The iodoarene byproduct formed from the iodonium reagent can be recovered quantitatively and used to regenerate the diaryliodonium salt, which improves the atom economy. Copyright
- Jalalian, Nazli,Petersen, Tue B.,Olofsson, Berit
-
p. 14140 - 14149,10
(2012/12/12)
-
- Screening of ligands for the Ullmann synthesis of electron-rich diaryl ethers
-
In the search for new ligands for the Ullmann diaryl ether synthesis, permitting the coupling of electron-rich aryl bromides at relatively low temperatures, 56 structurally diverse multidentate ligands were screened in a model system that uses copper iodide in acetonitrile with potassium phosphate as the base. The ligands differed largely in their performance, but no privileged structural class could be identified.
- Otto, Nicola,Opatz, Till
-
supporting information; experimental part
p. 1105 - 1111
(2012/09/07)
-
- Highly efficient copper catalytic system for the O-arylation of phenol with iodoarene
-
An efficient Cu-catalyzed O-arylation was carried out by involving phenols with iodoarenes to afford various substituted diarylether derivatives with tiny loading of Cu2O and 1H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid as catalytic system under mild conditions, which provided good to excellent yields with good tolerance of functional groups.
- Cheng, An-Yi,Hsieh, Jen-Chieh
-
supporting information; experimental part
p. 71 - 75
(2012/01/31)
-
- Bis(μ-iodo)bis[(-)-sparteine]-dicopper: A versatile catalyst for direct O-Arylation and O-Alkylation of phenols and aliphatic alcohols with haloarenes
-
The easy to prepare dimeric bis(μ-iodo)bis[(-)-sparteine]- dicopper ([CuI{(-)-spa}]2 complex) is shown to be versatile catalyst for O-arylation and O-alkylation with various aryl halides with phenols and aliphatic alcohols respectively, including less reactive aryl chlorides, such as chlorobenzene under mild conditions.
- Satyanarayana, Ponnam,Maheswaran, Hariharasarma,Kantam, Mannepalli Lakshmi,Bhargava, Suresh
-
supporting information; experimental part
p. 788 - 790
(2011/08/22)
-
- Room temperature, metal-free synthesis of diaryl ethers with use of diaryliodonium salts
-
A fast, high-yielding synthesis of diaryl ethers with use of mild and metal-free conditions has been developed. The scope includes bulky ortho-substituted diaryl ethers, which are difficult to obtain by metal-catalyzed protocols. Halo-substituents, racemization-prone amino acid derivatives, and heteroaromatics are also tolerated. The methodology is expected to be of high utility in the synthesis of complex molecules and in the pharmaceutical industry.
- Jalalian, Nazli,Ishikawa, Eloisa E.,Silva, Luiz F.,Olofsson, Berit
-
supporting information; experimental part
p. 1552 - 1555
(2011/04/26)
-
- Selective one-pot access to symmetrical or unsymmetrical diaryl ethers by copper-catalyzed double arylation of a simple oxygen source
-
Great CO-mbination: A novel method is reported for the controlled one-pot synthesis of various symmetrical or unsymmetrical diaryl ethers by double arylation of a simple inorganic oxygen source (see scheme). This versatile and highly selective process is based on the use of a cheap and low toxicity copper catalytic system.
- Tlili, Anis,Monnier, Florian,Taillefer, Marc
-
supporting information; experimental part
p. 12299 - 12302
(2011/02/16)
-
- (2-Pyridyl)acetone-promoted Cu-catalyzed O-arylation of phenols with aryl iodides, bromides, and chlorides
-
(Chemical Equation Presented) Employing (2-pyridyl)acetone as a new supporting ligand, the copper-catalyzed coupling reactions of aryl chlorides, aryl bromides, and aryl iodides with various phenols successfully proceeded in good yields under mild conditions. This reaction displays great functional groups compatibility and excellent reactive selectivity.
- Zhang, Qi,Wang, Deping,Wang, Xianyang,Ding, Ke
-
supporting information; experimental part
p. 7187 - 7190
(2009/12/09)
-
- Glyoxal bis(phenylhydrazone) as promoter for CuI-catalyzed O-arylation of phenols with bromoarenes
-
A very simple bishydrazone-type ligand, glyoxal bis(phenylhydrazone) (L1), was found to effectively promote the CuI-catalyzed O-arylation of phenols with aryl bromides. This cross-coupling reaction proceeded in acetonitrile at 60-80 °C in the presence of K3PO4 as base. A diverse array of phenols and bromoarenes was employed as substrates to afford diaryl ethers in good to excellent yields, and some base-sensitive groups, such as ester, aldehyde, and ketone groups, can survive under the mild reaction conditions.
- Liu, Yu-Hua,Li, Gang,Yang, Lian-Ming
-
experimental part
p. 343 - 346
(2009/04/19)
-
- General, mild, and intermolecular Ullmann-type synthesis of diaryl and alkyl aryl ethers catalyzed by diol-copper(I) complex
-
(Chemical Equation Presented) A wide range of diaryl ethers and alkyl aryl ethers are synthesized through intermolecular C(aryl)-O bond formation from the corresponding aryl iodides/aryl bromides and phenols/alcohols through Ullmann-type coupling reaction in the presence of a catalytic amount of easily available (±)-diol L3-CuI complex under very mild reaction conditions. Less reactive aryl bromides can also be used for O-arylation of phenols under the same reaction conditions without increasing the reaction temperature, catalyst loading, and time. The catalytic system not only is capable of coupling hindered substrate but also tolerates a broad range of a series of functional groups.
- Naidu, Ajay B.,Jaseer,Sekar, Govindasamy
-
supporting information; experimental part
p. 3675 - 3679
(2009/09/26)
-
- Dimethylaminomethylphosphonic acid derivatives-promoted CuI-catalyzed synthesis of aryl ethers
-
An inexpensive and efficient catalyst system for synthesis of aryl ethers has been developed by using 20 mol% CuI as the catalyst, 30 mol% dimethylaminomethylphosphonic acid derivatives as the new ligands, K 2CO3 as the base and toluene as the solvent. This is the first example using aminophosphonates as the ligands for Ullmann ether coupling reaction. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
- Jin, Ying,Liu, Jinyong,Yin, Yingwu,Fu, Hua,Jiang, Yuyang,Zhao, Yufen
-
p. 1564 - 1568
(2007/10/03)
-
- Synthesis of symmetrical diaryl ethers from arylboronic acids mediated by copper(II) acetate
-
Copper promoted generation of phenols in situ through arylation of water and their subsequent arylation with arylboronic acids affords a wide range of symmetrical diaryl ethers in good to high yield. The reaction is rapid, mild, convenient and tolerant of a wide range of functionalities on the arylboronic acid.
- Sagar,Tale,Adude
-
p. 7061 - 7063
(2007/10/03)
-
- Ullmann diaryl ether synthesis: rate acceleration by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dione.
-
[reaction: see text]. In the copper salt catalyzed ether formation from aryl bromides or iodides and phenols, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dione (TMHD) was found to greatly accelerate the ordinarily difficult reaction, making it occur under more moderate temperatures and reaction times. A series of aryl halides and phenols were shown to form ethers in NMP as the solvent, cesium carbonate as the base, and CuCl and TMHD as the catalysts. The reaction was shown to tolerate electron-rich aryl bromides and electron-neutral phenols.
- Buck, Elizabeth,Song, Zhiguo Jake,Tschaen, David,Dormer, Peter G,Volante,Reider, Paul J
-
p. 1623 - 1626
(2007/10/03)
-
- Synthesis of functionalized p-phenylene oxide oligomers
-
Oligomers of p-phenylene oxides have been synthesized by coupling of substituted phenols and aryl bromides in the presence of cuprous chloride. The chain length varies from 2 to 5 phenyl rings functionalized at one end by an OH and OMe group and at the other end by an OH, OMe or NO2 functions. The oligomers could be used in material science and as building blocks in supramolecular chemistry. Methods for chemoselective demethylation of methoxy groups were developed.
- Wang, Leyong,Xi, Haitao,Sun, Xiaoqiang,Shen, Yingzhong,Yang, Yang,Pan, Yi,Hu, Hongwen
-
p. 227 - 234
(2007/10/03)
-
- Diphenyl ethers for tobacco sucker control
-
Diphenyl ethers having the formula STR1 WHERE Y and Z are halogen, alkyl, trifluoromethyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, carboxy, carbalkoxy, carbamoyl, or alkylthio, and m and n are 0, 1, 2, or 3, Are useful in controlling undesirable secondary growth in plants, particularly sucker growth in tobacco.
- -
-
-
- Copper-catalyzed synthesis of phenol and diaryl ether derivatives: Via hydroxylation of diaryliodoniums
-
A copper-catalysed hydroxylation of diaryliodoniums to generate phenols and diaryl ethers is reported. This method allows the synthesis of diversely functionalized phenols under mild reaction conditions without the need for a strong inorganic base or an expensive noble-metal catalyst. Significantly, convenient application of diaryliodoniums is demonstrated in the preparation of diaryl ethers in a one-pot operation.
- -
-
-