- A starch based sustainable tough hyperbranched epoxy thermoset
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With the growing concern of long term environmental and waste management problems, the recent trend in the polymer industry is aimed to utilize environmentally benign substrates for development of sustainable polymers with the required properties for their potential applications as substitutes for petrochemical derivatives. In this arena, the authors aspired to use starch, a natural renewable polysaccharide obtained from a wide variety of crops, as one of the reactants for a one-pot synthesis of a bio-based sustainable hyperbranched epoxy resin. Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and 13C NMR), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) along with different analytical techniques confirmed the chemical structure of the resin. The poly(amido amine) cured epoxy thermoset exhibited acceptable biodegradation along with desirable properties. It exhibits excellent impact resistance (>100 cm), outstanding scratch hardness (>10 kg), exceptionally high tensile adhesive strength (up to 2906 MPa for aluminum), moderate tensile strength (up to 29 MPa), good elongation at break (up to 38%), high toughness (up to 8.40 MJ m-3) and very good chemical resistance against a number of chemical environments. Moreover, the thermoset displayed potent biomedical attributes by exhibiting cytocompatibility with erythrocytes as assessed through a hemolytic assay. Thus, the synthesized eco-friendly and sustainable hyperbranched epoxy thermoset with good toughness and exceptional adhesive strength can be a worthy replacement for petroleum-based epoxy thermosets as an advanced engineering material.
- Duarah, Rituparna,Karak, Niranjan
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- Design and fabrication of a novel superhydrophobic surface based on a copolymer of styrene and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether monoacrylate
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The copolymer of styrene and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether monoacrylate (PS-co-AADGEBA) was synthesized by three steps from raw materials, and then it was used to fabricate a superhydrophobic surface via a phase separation method. In particular the superhydrophobic surface not only exhibits superhydrophobicity towards water and corrosive liquids, including acidic and basic solutions, but also shows good transparency, improved robustness and excellent aging resistance. Furthermore, the PS-co-AADGEBA was also successfully grafted onto the surface of amino-functionalized hollow silica nanospheres (HSNs-NH 2), then a (PS-co-AADGEBA)-g-(HSNs-NH2) nanocomposite superhydrophobic surface was prepared. The obtained surfaces are promising materials for numerous potential application fields, including electronics, biomedical, martial and defense-related areas.
- Liu, Jin-Qiu,Bai, Chong,Jia, De-Dong,Liu, Wei-Liang,He, Fu-Yan,Liu, Qin-Ze,Yao, Jin-Shui,Wang, Xin-Qiang,Wu, Yong-Zhong
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- An in situ prepared photo-luminescent transparent biocompatible hyperbranched epoxy/carbon dot nanocomposite
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A photo-luminescent transparent biocompatible hyperbranched epoxy/carbon dot nanocomposite was prepared by incorporation of carbon dots during formation of hyperbranched epoxy resin. The prepared nanocomposite was characterized by FTIR, NMR and TEM analyses. The poly(amido-amine) cured nanocomposite exhibited high tensile strength (62.5 MPa), high elongation at break (45%), good thermal stability (291 °C), high transparency and excellent wavelength dependent photoluminescence behavior along with biocompatibility with skin cells. The performance of this nanocomposite was also compared with the pristine hyperbranched epoxy as well as hyperbranched epoxy/carbon dot nanocomposite obtained through an ex situ solution technique. The study revealed that the in situ prepared nanocomposite possessed superior mechanical, optical and biocompatible properties compared to pristine epoxy as well as the ex situ prepared nanocomposite. Thus, the study will significantly contribute to the field of high performance transparent fluorescent polymeric materials used in optoelectronics. Good viability, spreading and proliferation of skin fibroblasts and keratinocyte cells on the nanocomposite suggest it is also a highly potential material for bio-sealant application.
- De, Bibekananda,Kumar, Manishekhar,Mandal, Biman B.,Karak, Niranjan
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- HERBICIDE COMPOSITION COMPRISING CLOMAZONE AND USE THEREOF
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A composition comprising a water-immiscible material or high volatile material encapsulated within a microcapsule is provided, the microcapsules having a shell comprising a polyurea cross-linked by epoxy resin polymer. The method for preparing the same, and the use of the same in the control of unwanted plant growth are also provided.
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Page/Page column 17-19
(2018/03/09)
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- PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF EPOXY COMPOUND
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To provide an efficient method of producing an epoxy compound comprising reacting hydrogen peroxide and acetonitrile with the carbon-carbon double bond of an organic compound having a carbon-carbon double bond. A method of producing an epoxy compound comprising epoxidizing the carbon-carbon double bond of an organic compound having a carbon-carbon double bond in the presence of acetonitrile by using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent, wherein the reaction proceeds while controlling the acetonitrile concentration in the reaction system in the range of 0.6-5 mol/L by using a solvent containing an alcohol.
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Page/Page column 10; 12
(2012/11/13)
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- PROCESS FOR PRODUCING EPOXY COMPOUND
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According to the present, invention, a process for producing an epoxy compound, where an epoxy compound can be selectively produced from olefins with good yield at low cost in a safe manner by a simple operation under mild conditions without using a quaternary ammonium salt or a metal compound, is provided. The present invention relates to a process for producing an epoxy compound, comprising epoxidizing a carbon-carbon double bond of an organic compound having a carbon-carbon double bond by using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant, wherein the epoxidation is carried by out using an organic nitrile compound and an organic amine compound.
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Page/Page column 6-7
(2012/02/06)
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- METHOD OF PRODUCING EPOXY COMPOUNDS
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Provided is a method of efficiently producing an epoxy compound from an allyl ether having an aromatic ring under mild conditions by using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent without using an organic solvent. The method of producing an epoxy compound comprises reacting an allyl ether having an aromatic ring with hydrogen peroxide to epoxidize a carbon-carbon double bond of an allyl group to thereby produce a corresponding epoxy compound having an aromatic ring, wherein water only is used as a solvent without using an organic solvent, and a tungsten compound, and a tertiary amine and/or a quaternary ammonium salt, are used as a reaction catalyst.
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Page/Page column 4-5
(2011/11/06)
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- Structural optimization and biological evaluation of substituted bisphenol a derivatives as β-amyloid peptide aggregation inhibitors
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The aggregation of A? is a crucial step in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease. Our previous work showed that A? undergoes ?-helix/?-sheet intermediate structures during the conformational transition, and an A? aggregation inhibitor (1) was discovered by targeting the intermediates. Here, structure optimization toward compound 1 was performed and 34 novel derivatives were designed and synthesized. Nine compounds showed more effective inhibitory activity than the hit compound 1 in ThT fluorescence assay. Among them, compound 43 demonstrated more excellent inhibitory potency, which not only can suppress the aggregation of A? but also can dissolve the preformed fibrils as shown by CD spectroscopy, PICUP and AFM assays. Cellular assay indicated that 43 has no toxicity to neuronal cells, moreover, can effectively inhibit A? 1?42-induced neutrotoxicity and increase the cell viability. Together, on the basis of these positive results, these novel chemical structures may provide a promising potential for therapeutic applications in AD and other types of neurodegenerative disorders.
- Zhou, Yu,Jiang, Chunyi,Zhang, Yaping,Liang, Zhongjie,Liu, Wenfeng,Wang, Liefeng,Luo, Cheng,Zhong, Tingting,Sun, Yi,Zhao, Linxiang,Xie, Xin,Jiang, Hualiang,Zhou, Naiming,Liu, Dongxiang,Liu, Hong
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experimental part
p. 5449 - 5466
(2010/11/05)
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- DIGLYCIDIC ETHER DERIVATIVE THERAPEUTICS AND METHODS FOR THEIR USE
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This invention provides compound having a structure of Formula I or Formula II. Uses of such compounds for treatment of various indications, including prostate cancer as well as methods of treatment involving such compounds are also provided.
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Page/Page column 77-78
(2010/04/03)
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- Synthesis of novel poly(hydroxyether terephthalate) via polyaddition of 2,5-difluoroterephthalic acid with aromatic bis(epoxide)s
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A novel and more reliable synthetic route to 2,5-difluoroterephthalic acid was developed. A series of new poly(hydroxyether terephthalate) were prepared by the polyaddition of 2,5-difluoroterephthalic acid with various aromatic bis(epoxide)s catalyzed by tetrabutyl ammonium bromide.
- Huang, Xiao-Song,Qing, Feng-Ling
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experimental part
p. 1076 - 1082
(2009/04/07)
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- MANUFACTURE OF DICHLOROPROPANOL
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Manufacture of dichloropropanol Process for manufacturing dichloropropa nol wherein a glycerol-based product comprising at least one diol containi ng at least 3 carbon atoms other than 1,2- propanediol, is reacted with a chlorinati ng agent, and of products derived from dichloropropanol such as ep ichlorohydrin and epoxy resins. No figure.
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Page/Page column 24-28
(2009/03/07)
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- PROCESS FOR EPOXIDATION OF ARYL ALLYL ETHERS
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A process for making an aromatic glycidyl ether epoxy compound by contacting an allyl ether made from the hydroxy moiety of a hydroxy-containing aromatic compound with an inorganic or organic hydroperoxide oxidant in the presence of a transition metal complex catalyst, wherein at least (a) the allyl ether is conformationally restricted or (b) the transition metal complex catalyst contains at least one or more stable ligands attached to the transition metal. The process of the present invention provides for epoxidizing aryl allyl ethers with high epoxidation yield (for example, greater than 70 percent to 90 percent) and high hydroperoxide selectivity (for example, greater than 70 percent to 90 percent).
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- Process for manufacturing an alpha-dihydroxy derivative and epoxy resins prepared therefrom
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A process for manufacturing an α-dihydroxy derivative from an aryl allyl ether wherein such α-dihydroxy derivative can be used to prepare an α-halohydrin intermediate and an epoxy resin prepared therefrom including epoxidizing an α-halohydrin intermediate produced from a halide substitution of an α-dihydroxy derivative which has been obtained by a dihydroxylation reaction of an aryl allyl ether in the presence of an oxidant or in the presence of an oxidant and a catalyst.
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Page/Page column 41-42
(2008/06/13)
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- Dermal penetration and metabolism of five glycidyl ethers in human, rat and mouse skin
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1. Glycidyl ethers (GE), an important class of industrial chemicals, are considered to be potentially mutagenic in vivo because some GE have been shown to be direct mutagens in short-term in vitro tests. 2. The percutaneous penetration and metabolism of representatives of different classes of GE was studied in the fresh, full-thickness C3H mouse, and dermatomed human and Fisher 344 rat skin to determine th apparent permeability constants, lag times and metabolic profiles. 3. Five different GE, the diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol A (BADGE), 4,4'-dihydroxy-3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbiphenyl (Epikote YX4000) and 1,6-hexanediol (HDDGE) and the GE of 1-dodecanol (C12GE) and o-cresol (o-CGE), were synthesized by reaction of their alcohols with epichlorohydrin. Their radiolabelled analogues were synthesized with a 14C-label using [U-14C]-epichlorohydrin. 4. There was a large variation (four orders of magnitude) in percutaneous penetration between the five GE. In general, penetration through full-thickness mouse skin was higher than through dermatomed rat skin, whereas dermatomed human skin was the least permeable. The permeability increased in the order YX4000 12GE 12GE and o-CGE penetrated the skin unchanged. For o-CGE, but none of the other GE, the percentage of the applied dose that penetrated the skin unchanged increased over time. 7. The large variation in response observed with the five selected GE indicates that GE should not be considered as a single class of compounds but rather on the basis of their individual properties.
- Boogaard,Denneman,Van Sittert
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p. 469 - 483
(2007/10/03)
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- Metabolic inactivation of five glycidyl ethers in lung and liver of humans, rats and mice in vitro
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1. Some glycidyl ethers (GE) have been shown to be direct mutagens in short-term in vitro tests and consequently GE are considered to be potentially mutagenic in vivo. However, GE may be metabolically inactivated in the body by two different enzymatic routes: conjugation of the epoxide moiety with the endogenous tripeptide glutathione (GSH) catalysed by glutathione S-transferase (GST) or hydrolysis of the epoxide moiety catalysed by epoxide hydrolase (EH). 2. The metabolic inactivation of five different GE, the diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol A (BADGE), 4,4'-dihydroxy-3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbiphenyl (Epikote YX4000) and 1,6-hexanediol (HDDGE) and the GE of 1-dodecanol (C12GE) and o-cresol (o-CGE), has been studied in subcellular fractions of human, C3H mouse and F344 rat liver and lung. 3. All GE were chemically very stable and resistant to aqueous hydrolysis, but were rapidly hydrolysed by EH in cytosolic and microsomal fractions of liver and lung. The aromatic GE were very good substrates for EH. In general, microsomal EH is more efficient than cytosolic EH in hydrolysis of GE, and human microsomes are more efficient than rodent microsomes. 4. The more water-soluble GE, o-CGE and HDDGE, were good substrates for GST whereas the more lipophilic GE, YX4000 and C12GE, were poor substrates for GST. In general, rodents are more efficient in GSH conjugation of GE than humans. 5. In general, the epoxide groups of YX4000 are the most and those of HDDGE the least efficiently inactivated of the five GE under study. For the other three GE no general trend was observed: the relative efficiency of inactivation varied with organ and species. 6. The large variation in metabolism observed with five representative GE indicate that GE have variable individual properties and should not be considered as a single, homogenous class of compounds.
- Boogaard,De Kloe,Bierau,Kuiken,Borkulo,VanSittert
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p. 485 - 502
(2007/10/03)
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- Sulfonamide compounds containing mesogenic moieties
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Adducts containing mesogenic or rodlike moieties are prepared by reacting (1) at least one compound containing an average of more than one vicinal epoxide group per molecule with (2) at least one compound containing an average of more than one reactive hydrogen atom per molecule; with the proviso that at least one member of components (1) and (2) contains a mesogenic or rodlike moiety. These compounds are useful as curing agents for epoxy resins.
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- EFFECT OF HIGH HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE ON POLYCONDENSATION OF EPOXY-DIAN OLIGOMER WITH 4,4'-ISOPROPYLIDENEDIPHENOL
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The fractional composition and molecular characteristics of epoxy resins obtained by fusion at 413 K and pressures of 0.1 and 100 MPa have been studied.
- Pakter, M. K.,Beloshenko, V. A.,Daragan, A.N.,Sviridov, G. I.
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p. 1598 - 1601
(2007/10/02)
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