- Synthesis, crystal structure, computational analysis and biological properties of 1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-3-[2-(2-{2-[3-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-thioureido]-ethoxy}ethoxy)ethyl]-thiourea and its Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes
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A new dianionic ligand, 1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-3-[2-(2-{2-[3-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-thioureido]-ethoxy}ethoxy)ethyl]-thiourea(CBEDEA), and its Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes have been synthesized. X-ray single crystal analysis of CBEDEA shows that the molecule cryst
- Oyeka, Ebube Evaristus,Asegbeloyin, Jonnie Niyi,Babahan, Ilknur,Eboma, Bernard,Okpareke, Obinna,Lane, Joseph,Ibezim, Akachukwu,B?y?k, H. Halil,T?rün, Bahad?r,Izuogu, David Chukwuma
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- Cationic surfactants based on ferrocene containing thiourea: Synthesis, self-aggregation, and antioxidant properties
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Keeping in view the significance of cationic surfactants in various fields of life since the ancient times, here we are reporting the synthesis of a new ferrocenyl thiourea derivative along with an entirely new series of ferrocene based cationic surfactan
- Ali, Jahangeer,Badshah, Amin,Dou, Hongjing,Fatima, Saira,Nawaz, Sameen,Naz, Mehwish,Tabassum, Saira
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- Synthesis and Investigation of the Antibacterial Activity of New Tris-Thiourea Derivatives
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An efficient procedure for the preparation of symmetrical tris-thiourea derivatives (5a – 5h) by means of one-pot condensation reaction between available benzoyl chlorides (1a –1h) with potassium thiocyanate (2) and melamine (4) under reflux conditions is
- Ghorbani, Saghi Shiroud,Montazeri, Naser,Zeydi, Masoud Mohammadi,Ghane, Masood
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- Synthesis of 2-aryl-7-methyl-4-thioxo-4H-pyrano[3,4-e][1,3]oxazin-5-one by three-component condensation
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A novel method for oxazine ring formation is established though the reaction of ammonium thiocyanate and aroyl chlorides with 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one in the presence of N-methylimidazole to afford 2-aryl-7-methyl-4-thioxo-4H-pyrano[3,4-e][1,3]ox
- Khazaeian, Ali,Hassanabadi, Alireza
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- Caffeine catalyzed green synthesis of novel benzo[a][1,3]oxazino[6,5-c]phenazines via a one-pot multi-component sequential protocol in a basic ionic liquid
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Caffeine was applied as a green and natural catalyst for the one-pot, four-component sequential condensation between 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, aromatic 1,2-diamines, ammonium thiocyanate and acid chlorides in the presence of a basic ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydroxide) to afford the corresponding benzo[a][1,3]oxazino[6,5-c]phenazine derivatives. In this one-pot transformation, five bonds and two new rings are efficiently formed. This protocol has the advantages of operational simplicity, high yields, easy workup, avoidance of hazardous or toxic catalysts and organic solvents and high chemo- and regioselectivities.
- Mohebat, Razieh,Yazdani-Elah-Abadi, Afshin
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- Synthesis and computational study of new meta- and para-substituted ferrocenyl thioureas as potent protein kinase inhibitors and cytotoxic agents
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The present study describes the synthesis, characterization, DNA binding and in vitro biological evaluation of ferrocene-enhanced thioureas. The new complexes (N1–N6) were prepared by reacting ferrocenyl anilines (A-B) with freshly prepared isothiocyanates in dry acetone. A crystallographic study of N3 revealed a supramolecular structure involving secondary non-covalent interactions (π?H and π?π). The nature and extent of the binding of these complexes with the salmon sperm DNA (SS-DNA) were examined by cyclic voltammetry and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The complexes have strong binding to DNA with binding constants ranging from 9.83 × 103 to 5.76 × 104 M?1. The shifts in the cathodic peak potentials with the addition of DNA in the electrochemical studies of the new complexes are attributed to electrostatic interactions. This observation is an indicator of the oxidizable behavior of the complexes in the presence of DNA. The theoretically calculated energies of the frontier molecular orbitals (EHOMO and ELUMO) and the Mulliken charge distributions for the optimized structures determined by the DFT/B3LYP method correlate well with the electrochemically determined redox potentials (correlation coefficient, 0.986). The computational measurements also led to a close agreement between the calculated and observed vibrational frequencies. The new complexes proved to be good candidates for protein kinase inhibition and cytotoxicity studies.
- Asghar, Faiza,Lal, Bhajan,Badshah, Amin,Butler, Ian S.,Nawaz Tahir, Muhammad
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- One-pot solvent-free synthesis of novel functionalized ethyl 2-(alkylimino)-4-methyl-3-(alkanoyl)-2,3-dihydrothiazole-5-carboxylates
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A green and efficient one-pot two-step synthesis of ethyl 2-(alkylimino)-4-methyl-3-(alkanoyl)-2,3-dihydrothiazole-5-carboxylates from the reaction between acyl chlorides, ammonium thiocyanate, primary alkylamines, and ethyl 2-chloroacetoacetae under mild
- Iravani, Nasir,Keshavarz, Mosadegh,Hosseini, Fatemeh
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- Synthesis, structural characterization, DNA binding and antioxidant potency of new ferrocene incorporated acyl ureas
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In this article, we have reported the synthesis of three new ferrocene incorporated ureas namely; 1-(4-Chlorobenzoyl)-3-(4-ferrocenylphenyl)urea (P4Cl), 1-(3-Chlorobenzoyl)-3-(4-ferrocenyl phenyl)urea (P3Cl) and 1-(2-Chlorobenzoyl)-3-(4-ferrocenylphenyl)urea (P2Cl). All new compounds were unambiguously characterized by common analytical techniques (NMR, FT-IR, AAS, CHNS and molecular docking). Furthermore, single crystal XRD analysis was done for 1-(3-Chlorobenzoyl)-3-(4-ferrocenylphenyl)urea. DNA binding is a pre-requisite for a compound to be used as an antitumor agent. The DNA binding study was done by cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis spectroscopy and viscometry. The drug-DNA binding constant was found to vary in the sequence: KP2Cl (6.056 × 104 M-1) > KP4Cl (5.713 × 104 M-1) > KP3Cl (4.631 × 104 M-1). Diffusion coefficient of the drug-DNA adduct for all the compounds is lower than the free drug, indicating that drug-DNA adduct is of higher molecular weight and slow diffusing as compared to the free drug. Small binding site size of 0.440 (P3Cl), 0.585 (P4Cl) and 0.673 (P2Cl) base pairs is consistent with electrostatic interaction. All the compounds exhibited good antioxidant activities with IC50 values of 82, 136 and 54 μM for P4Cl, P3Cl and P2Cl respectively, against DPPH.
- Asghar, Faiza,Badshah, Amin,Hussain, Raja Azadar,Sohail, Manzar,Akbar, Kamran,Butler, Ian Sydney
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- Synthesis, Characterization, and Structural Investigations of 1-(3-morpholinopropyl)-3-(4-chlorobenzoyl)thiourea monohydrate and 1-(3-morpholinopropyl)-3-(4-methylbenzoyl)thiourea monohydrate
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Two new compounds, 1-(3-morpholinopropyl)-3-(4-chlorobenzoyl)thiourea monohydrate (I) and 1-(3-morpholinopropyl)-3-(4-methylbenzoyl)thiourea monohydrate (II) have been synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and Sing
- Razak, Ibrahim Abdul,Arshad, Suhana,Thanigaimani, Kaliyaperumal,Yusof, Mohd Sukeri Mohd,Abdullah, Sharifah Sakinah,Rahman, Azhar Abdul
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- A PROCESS FOR PREPARING 2-CHLORO-N-{[4-(PYRIMIDIN-2-YLSULFAMOYL)PHENYL] CARBAMOTHIOYL} BENZAMIDE AND THE PHARMACEUTICAL UTILITY THEREOF
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Disclosed is a process for preparing 2-chloro-N-{[4-(pyrimidin-2-ylsulfamoyl)phenyl] carbamothioyl} benzamide (compound 2c).
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Page/Page column 8; 9
(2021/07/10)
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- Synthesis and Spectral Characterization of New 2-(5-Aryl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione Derivatives
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Abstract: A series of novel 2-(5-aryl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-diones were synthesized in three steps. In the first step, treatment of substituted benzoyl chlorides with ammonium thiocyanate gave the corresponding benzoyl isothiocyanate
- Alimi,Hatamjafari,Shiroudi,Pourshamsian,Oliaey
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p. 631 - 637
(2021/06/02)
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- Theoretical and experimental verification of molecular properties of novel benzamide derivatives using computational platforms and in vitro antibacterial activity
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A series of N-(benzo[d]oxazol-2-ylcarbamothioyl)-2/4-substituted benzamides were synthesized by the reaction of 2-aminobenzoxazole with apposite benzoyl isothiocyanate. The structure of the newly synthesized compounds was confirmed by chemical tests, elemental (C, H, N, and S), and spectral (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass) analysis. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated experimentally for their antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The test results show moderate to potent antibacterial activity compared to the standard drug. The binding interactions of newly synthesized ligand and protein were correlated using a molecular docking study using a binding pocket of GlcN-6-P synthase. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
- Wanjari, Poonam M.,Mokale, Santosh N.,Bharati, Avinash V.,Ingle, Vishwas N.
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p. 655 - 663
(2021/01/07)
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- Synthesis, kinetics and biological assay of some novel aryl bis-thioureas: A potential drug candidates for Alzheimer's disease
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A new series of bis-thioureas (4a-4j) was synthesized and characterized through spectroscopic and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds 4a-4j were subjected to acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) inhibition activity and free radical scavenging activity. The results of AChE inhibition assay were found to be active in inhibiting the target enzyme with different IC50 values. Among all derivatives, the 4 g showed highly potent inhibition potential against AChE enzyme with IC50 value of 0.1761±0.00768 μM, which is several times better than the reference inhibitor neostigmine methylsulfate IC50 2.469±0.069 μM. The initial structure-activity relationship (SAR) of 4 g revealed dual hydrogen bonding ability (donor and acceptor). Moreover, the electronic environment around the aromatic ring also greatly influenced the enzyme inhibition of AChE. To further explore the newly synthesized AChE inhibitors, kinetic studies were carried out to determine the mode of inhibition and it was found to be competitive inhibition. Pharmacokinetic predictions (ADMET parameters) were also evaluated and compounds showed good lead-like potential with little hepatotoxic and no skin-sensitive effects. The molecular docking studies delineated the binding affinity of the ligands with target protein and showed docking scores in the range of -10.3 to -7.6 kcal/mol.
- Abbas, Qamar,Abd-Rabboh, Hisham S. M.,Bahadur, Ali,Channar, Kashif Ali,Channar, Pervaiz Ali,Hassan, Mubashir,Iqbal, Shahid,Khan, Bilal Ahmad,Kim, Jung Min,Lal, Bhajan,Mahesar, Parvez Ali,Nawaz, Muhammad,Rajoka, Muhammad Shahid Riaz,Rashid, S. G.,Raza, Hussain,Saeed, Aamer,Shah, Mazloom,Siyal, Ali Nawaz,Ujan, Rabail
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- Synthesis of Novel Tris-1,2,4-triazole Derivatives and Their Antibacterial Activity
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Abstract: A series of novel 3,3′,3″-[1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyltris(azanediyl)]tris(5-aryl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-carbothioamide) derivatives were designed and synthesized through reaction of new tris-thiourea derivatives with thiosemicarbazide and sodium hy
- Ghane, M.,Ghorbani, S. Shiroud,Montazeri, N.,Zeydi, M. M.
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p. 605 - 610
(2021/06/02)
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- Palladium complexes derived from benzoylthiourea ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure, and catalytic application in Suzuki C–C coupling reactions
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[PdCl2(HL1-κS)2] and [PdCl2(HL2-κS)2] complexes were formed from neutral monodentate modes of HL1 and HL2 ligands, which are coordinated to the palladium(II) center, r
- Solmaz, Ummuhan,Gumus, Ilkay,Yilmaz, Mustafa Kemal,Ince, Simay,Arslan, Hakan
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- Iodine-mediated multi-component reactions: Readily access to tetrazoles and guanidines
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Environmentally benign syntheses of One-pot sequential reactions of benzoyl chloride with amines followed by the treatment of molecular I2 reagent under basic conditions provide benzoyl tetrazoles and guanidines in moderate to excellent yields. This one-pot synthesis has several advantages such as mild reaction conditions, short reaction time, convenient workup, high yields, using cheap and readily available reagent molecular Iodine. In addition, functional group tolerance has been explored.
- Kammela, Prasad Rao,Seelam, Mohan,Shaik, Bajivali,Tamminana, Ramana
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supporting information
p. 382 - 388
(2021/09/07)
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- Biologically active acylthioureas and their Ni(II) and Cu(II) Complexes: Structural, spectroscopic, anti-proliferative, nucleolytic and antimicrobial studies
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The study investigated the effects of morpholine substituent and metal complexation on in vitro anticancer and antimicrobial activities of acylthioureas using two acylthiourea molecules that differ only by the presence of morpholine oxygen; N,N-diethyl-N′-(4-chlorobenzoyl)thiourea (CBDEA) and N-morpholine-N′-(4-chlorobenzoyl)thiourea (CBMOR), and their Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes (NiCBDEA, CuCBDEA, NiCBMOR, CuCBMOR). All compounds were synthesized and characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic studies. CBDEA, CuCBDEA, NiCBDEA, CBMOR, and NiCBMOR were structurally elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The metal complexes were isolated as neutral four coordinate complexes of the form, ML2 (M: Ni(II), Cu(II), H.L.: CBDEA/CBMOR) in square-planar geometry. The compounds were screened for DNA binding/cleavage, antimicrobial activity, and anti-proliferative effects on human prostate cancer PC-3 and breast cancer MCF-7 cells. DNA binding interaction studies suggest that the metal complexes bind more strongly to the DNA compared to the ligands. The morpholine derivative CBMOR shows similar activity to CBDEA against PC-3 cell lines but twice as effective against MCF-3 cells at cell death and apoptotic levels. Anticancer activities were enhanced by complexation with Cu(II), as evident in CuCBMOR, which showed the optimal anticancer activity (IC50: 1.76 μM for MCF-7 and 1.97 μM for PC-3), comparable to known anticancer drug paclitaxel. The CuCBMOR apoptosis results show that the cancer cells die by apoptotic mechanisms (Apoptosis rate: 91.53 % in MCF-7 and 85.95 % in PC-3). In vitro screening of the compounds against seventeen bacteria and four yeast strains confirmed antimicrobial potency against more susceptible Gram-positive bacteria strains. The results of the study suggest that some of the compounds could be developed into novel antimicrobial and anticancer agents.
- ?zdemir, Nam?k,?zmen, Ali,Aksel, Mehran,Asegbeloyin, Jonnie N.,Ayogu, Jude I.,Babahan, Ilknur,Coban, Burak,Coban, Esin P.,Din?er Bilgin, Mehmet,Eboma, Bernard,Groutso, Tatiana. V.,Halil Biyik, H.,Ifeanyieze, Kenechukwu J.,Okpareke, Obinna C.,Oyeka, Ebube E.,Schrage, Briana R.,Yildiz, Ufuk,Ziegler, Christopher J.
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- Exploring amantadine derivatives as urease inhibitors: Molecular docking and structure–activity relationship (sar) studies
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This article describes the design and synthesis of a series of novel amantadine-thiourea conjugates (3a–j) as Jack bean urease inhibitors. The synthesized hybrids were assayed for their in vitro urease inhibition. Accordingly, N-(adamantan-1-ylcarbamothio
- Ahmed, Atteeque,Ali, Omar M.,Ashraf, Zaman,Channar, Pervaiz Ali,El-Bahy, Zeinhom M.,Hassan, Mubashir,Khurshid, Asma,Raza, Hussain,Saeed, Aamer,Tehzeeb, Arfa,Ul-Hamid, Anwar
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- Benzoylthioureas: Design, synthesis and antimycobacterial evaluation
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Background: New drugs and strategies to treat tuberculosis (TB) are urgently needed. In this context, thiourea derivatives have a wide range of biological activities, including anti-TB. This fact can be illustrated with the structure of isoxyl, an old anti-TB drug, which has a thiourea as a pharmacophore group. Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the synthesis and the antimycobacterial activity of fifty-nine benzoylthioureas derivatives. Methods: Benzoylthiourea derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for their activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis using the MABA assay. After that, a structure-activity relationship study of this series of compounds has been performed. Results and Discussion: Nineteen compounds exhibited antimycobacterial activity between 423.1 and 9.6 μM. In general, we observed that the presence of bromine, chlorine and t-Bu group at the para-position in benzene ring plays an important role in the antitubercular activity of Series A. These substituents were fixed at this position in benzene ring and other groups such as Cl, Br, NO2 and OMe were introduced in the benzoyl ring, leading to the derivatives of Series B. In general, Series B was less cytotoxic than Series A, which indicates that the presence of a substituent at benzoyl ring contributes to an improvement in both antimycobacterial activity and toxicity profiles. Conclusion: Compound 4c could be considered a good prototype to be submitted to further structural modifications in the search for new anti-TB drugs, since it is 1.8 times more active than the first line anti-TB drug ethambutol and 0.65 times less active than isoxyl.
- Abreu, Lethícia O.,Bispo, Marcelle L. F.,Brito, Tiago O.,Gomes, Karen M.,Louren?o, Maria C. S.,Macedo, Fernando,Pereira, Patricia M. L.,Tisher, Cesar A.,Yamada-Ogatta, Sueli F.,de Fátima, ?ngelo
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- Design, Synthesis, and Insecticidal Activity of Novel Doramectin Derivatives Containing Acylurea and Acylthiourea Based on Hydrogen Bonding
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Our recent investigation on the insecticidal activities of several doramectin derivatives preliminarily revealed that the presence of hydrogen bonds at the C4″ position of the molecule with target protein γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor was crucial for retaining high insecticidal activity. As a continuation of our research work on the development of new insecticides, two series of novel acylurea and acylthiourea doramectin derivatives were designed and synthesized. The bioassay results indicated that the newly synthesized compounds (5o, 5t, and 6t) exhibited higher insecticidal activity against diamondback moth, oriental armyworm, and corn borer than the control compounds doramectin, commercial avermectins, chlorbenzuron, and lead compound 3g in our laboratory. Specifically, compound 5t was identified as the most promising insecticide against diamondback moth, with a final mortality rate of 80.00% at the low concentration of 12.50 mg/L, showing approximately 7.75-fold higher potency than the parent doramectin (LC50 value of 48.1547 mg/L), 6.52-fold higher potency than commercial avermectins (LC50 value of 40.5507 mg/L), and 3.98-fold higher potency than compound 3g (LC50 value of 24.7742 mg/L). Additionally, molecular docking simulations revealed that compound 5t (2.17, 2.20, 2.56, and 2.83 ?) displayed stronger hydrogen-bond action in binding with the GABA receptor, better than that of compound 5o (1.64 and 2.15 ?) and compound 6t (2.20 and 2.31 ?) at the C4″ position. This work demonstrated that these compounds containing hydrogen-bond groups might contribute to the improvement of insecticidal activity and supply certain hints toward structure optimization design for the development of new insecticides.
- Bai, Ping,Cheng, Yao,Lu, Xiaoxia,Yang, Jian,Zhang, Qi,Zheng, Cheng
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p. 5806 - 5815
(2020/06/19)
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- Synthesis, characterization and biological activity of some dithiourea derivatives
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Novel dithiourea derivatives have been designed as HIV-1 protease inhibitors using Autodock 4.2, synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods and microanalysis. 1-(3-Bromobenzoyl)-3-[2-({[(3-bromophenyl)formami-do]methanethioyl}amino)phenyl]thio
- Frost, Carminita,Hoppe, Heinrich,Hosten, Eric,Isaacs, Michelle,Khanye, Setshaba D.,Krause, Jason,Lobb, Kevin,Odame, Felix,Sayed, Yasien,Tshentu, Zenixole
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p. 764 - 777
(2020/10/02)
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- Synthesis and antituberculosis activity of new acylthiosemicarbazides designed by structural modification
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Acylthiosemicarbazides 8a–n were designed by structural modification of lead Compound 7. The syntheses of 8a–n involve a five-step procedure starting from carboxylic acids. Compounds 8a–n were tested against three Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains to measure their inhibitory antituberculosis activities. These activities could be explained according to the presence or absence of the chlorine substituent in the aromatic ring of the amide joined to the thiosemicarbazide core. Thiosemicarbazide derivative 8n is a candidate for the development of novel antitubercular agents. Ongoing studies are focused on exploring the mechanism by which these compounds inhibit M. tuberculosis cell growth.
- Martínez, Roberto,Espitia-Pinzón, Clara I.,Silva Miranda, Mayra,Chávez-Santos, Rosa María,Pretelin-Castillo, Gustavo,Ramos-Orea, Aldahir,Hernández-Báez, ángela M.,Cotlame-Pérez, Sandra,Pedraza-Rodríguez, Rogelio
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p. 350 - 355
(2019/12/03)
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- 4-aminocoumarin based aroylthioureas as potential jack bean urease inhibitors; synthesis, enzyme inhibitory kinetics and docking studies
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Background: Urease enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea into ammonia and CO2, excess ammonia causes global warming and crop reduction. Ureases are also responsible for certain human diseases such as stomach cancer, peptic ulceration, pyelone
- Abbas, Qamar,Ashraf, Zaman,Channar, Pervaiz A.,Fattah, Tanzeela A.,Hassan, Mubashir,Larik, Fayaz A.,Saeed, Aamer
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p. 229 - 243
(2020/03/06)
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- Synthesis, characterization, Hirshfeld surface, cytotoxicity, DNA damage and cell cycle arrest studies of N, N-diphenyl-N’-(biphenyl-4-carbonyl/4-chlorobenzoyl) thiocarbamides
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The condensation reaction of biphenyl-4-carbonyl isothiocyanate/4-chlorobenzoyl isothiocyanate with diphenylamine yielded two new compounds; N-diphenyl-N’-(biphenyl-4-carbonyl) thiocarbamide (1) and N, N-diphenyl-N’-(4-chlorobenzoyl) thiocarbamide (2). St
- Pandey, Sunil K.,Pratap, Seema,Rai, Sunil K.,Marverti, Gaetano,Kaur, Manpreet,Jasinski, Jerry P.
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p. 333 - 344
(2019/03/26)
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- Synthesis of New N-Benzoyl-N'-Triazine Thiourea Derivatives and Their Antibacterial Activity
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Abstract: A series of new N-benzoyl-N'-triazine thiourea derivatives have been synthesized via the reaction of 4-amino-6-methyl-3-thioxo-3,4-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-5(2H)-one with benzoyl chloride derivatives and ammonium thiocyanate in acetone under reflux conditions. 4-Amino-6-methyl-3-thioxo-3,4-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-5(2H)-one was prepared from the reaction of two equivalents of hydrazine hydrate with carbon disulfide and sodium pyruvate. The chemical structure of thioureas was confirmed using FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The synthesized thioureas were assayed for their antibacterial activity against both gram-positive (Micrococcusluteus and Bacilluscereus) and gram-negative (Pseudomonasaeruginosa and Escherichiacoli) bacteria using the agar well diffusion method.
- Marzi,Pourshamsian,Hatamjafari,Shiroudi,Oliaey
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p. 391 - 397
(2019/10/28)
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- Synthesis of Novel Triazolyl Thiourea Derivatives and Their Antibacterial Activity
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4-Amino-5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione was synthesized in three steps from carbon disulfide, hydrazine hydrate, and acetic acid. Its reaction with benzoyl isothiocyanates prepared from substituted benzoyl chlorides and ammonium thiocyanate afforded the corresponding N-benzoyl-N′-triazolyl-thioureas. The obtained compounds were screened for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). Their antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria was higher than against gram-negative bacteria, and derivatives containing electron-withdrawing groups were more active than those with electron-donating substituents.
- Kazeminejad,Pourshamsian,Hatamjafari,Shiroudi,Oliaey
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p. 1609 - 1615
(2019/12/28)
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- 3-Aminobenzenesulfonamides incorporating acylthiourea moieties selectively inhibit the tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase isoform IX over the off-target isoforms I, II and IV
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We describe the synthesis of a series of novel 1-aroyl/acyl-3-(3-aminosulfonylphenyl) thioureas (4a–k) acting as human carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitors. Reaction of alkyl/aryl isothiocyanates with 3-aminobenzenesulfonamide afforded a series of the title compounds incorporating a variety of short as well as highly lipophilic long tails. The newly synthesized sulfonamides were evaluated against 4 physiologically relevant CA isoforms (hCA I, II, IV, and IX). Several compounds showed interesting inhibitory activity. The tumor-associated hCA IX was the most sensitive isoform to inhibition with these compounds, with KIs in the range of 21.5–44.0 nM and selectivity ratios over the major cytosolic isoform hCA II in the range of 3.35–37.3. The sulfonamides incorporating the phenylacetylthioureido and pentadecanoylthioureido moieties were the most hCA IX-selective inhibitors detected in this work, making them of interest for further investigations.
- Fattah, Tanzeela Abdul,Bua, Silvia,Saeed, Aamer,Shabir, Ghulam,Supuran, Claudiu T.
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p. 123 - 128
(2018/10/20)
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- Investigation of potent inhibitors of cholinesterase based on thiourea and pyrazoline derivatives: Synthesis, inhibition assay and molecular modeling studies
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Owing to the desperate need of new drugs development to treat Alzheimer's ailment the synthesis of 1-aroyl-3-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazole-3-thioneaminylthioureas (2–6) starting from (4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol) (1) and synt
- Mumtaz, Amara,Majeed, Abdul,Zaib, Sumera,Ur Rahman, Shafiq,Hameed, Saba,Saeed, Aamer,Rafique, Hummera,Mughal, Ehsanullah,Maalik, Aneela,Hussain, Izhar,Iqbal, Jamshed
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- Copper promoted C-S and C-N cross-coupling Reactions:The synthesis of 2-(N-Aryolamino)benzothiazoles and 2-(N-Aryolamino)benzimidazoles
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The synthesis of 2-(N-aryolamino)benzothiazoles and 2-(N-aryolamino)benzimidazoles has been accomplished in the presence of copper catalyst. These reactions involve C-S and C-N cross-coupling reaction. All electron donating and withdrawing substituent's readily underwent the reaction to give target products in good to excellent yield. In addition, the reaction also gave target product in high yield with bulk scale.
- Shaik, Baji vali,Seelam, Mohan,Tamminana, Ramana,Kammela, Prasad Rao
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p. 3865 - 3874
(2019/06/20)
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- Design, synthesis and algicides activities of thiourea derivatives as the novel scaffold aldolase inhibitors
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By using a new Fragment-Based Virtual Screen strategy, two series of novel FBA-II inhibitors (thiourea derivatives) were de novo discovered based on the active site of fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aldolase from Cyanobacterial (CyFBA). In comparison, most of the N-(2-benzoylhydrazine-1-carbonothioyl) benzamide derivatives (L14~L22) exhibit higher CyFBA-II inhibitory activities compared to N-(phenylcarbamothioyl) benzamide derivatives (L1~L13). Especially, compound L14 not only shows higher CyFBA-II activity (Ki = 0.65 μM), but also exhibits most potent in vivo activity against Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (EC50 = 0.09 ppm), higher (7-fold) than that of our previous inhibitor (EC50 = 0.6 ppm). The binding modes of compound L14 and CyFBA-II were further elucidated by jointly using DOX computational protocol, MM-PBSA and site-directed mutagenesis assays. The positive results suggest that strategy adopted in this study was promising to rapidly discovery the potent inhibitors with novel scaffolds. The satisfactory algicide activities suggest that the thiourea derivatives is very likely to be a promising lead for the development of novel specific algicides to solve Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CHABs).
- Xiao, Shan,Wei, Lin,Hong, Zongqin,Rao, Li,Ren, Yanliang,Wan, Jian,Feng, Lingling
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p. 805 - 812
(2019/02/03)
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- Supramolecular self-assembly of new thiourea derivatives directed by intermolecular hydrogen bonds and weak interactions: crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analysis
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Abstract: We synthesized and characterized a series of four closely related thiourea derivatives (1–4) obtained by reaction of 4-R-benzoyl chloride (R: H, Cl, CH3, and OCH3) with equimolar amount of potassium thiocyanate and dibenzyl
- Gumus, Ilkay,Solmaz, Ummuhan,Binzet, Gun,Keskin, Ebru,Arslan, Birdal,Arslan, Hakan
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p. 169 - 198
(2018/09/25)
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- Phosphine-free direct conversion of carboxylic acids into acyl isothiocyanates using various electrophilic halogenation reagents
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In this study, the efficiency of some electrophilic halogen reagents including 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4,4,6-tetrabromo-2,5-cyclohexadienone, 2-chloro-1-methylpyridinium iodide, N-bromosuccinimide, trichloroisocyanuric acid, and 1,3-dibromo-5,5-
- Khaje-Kolaki, Aslan,Mokhtari, Babak
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p. 805 - 808
(2018/09/26)
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- Thiosemicarbazones and thiadiazines derived from fluorinated benzoylthioureas: Synthesis, crystal structure and anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity
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A series of thiosemicarbazones was obtained by condensation of halogenated N-(diethylaminothiocarbonyl)benzimidoyl chlorides (3b–3h) with 4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazide. The activity of the halogenated compounds against the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi was evaluated and compared to the previously reported activity of the corresponding non-substituted thiosemicarbazone. It was found that the halogen-substitution enhances in most cases the anti-parasitic activity. The meta-fluorinated compound (4g) was identified as the most potent one (IC50= 9.0 μM, CC50 > 200 μM), having a selectivity index (SI = IC50/CC50), which is 4-times higher than that of the non-substituted compound. Slight modification of the reaction conditions employed for the synthesis of some of the benzoylthioureas 3a–3g led to the unexpected formation of novel halogenated 6-amino-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thiones.
- Salsi, Federico,Bulh?es Portapilla, Gisele,Schutjajew, Konstantin,Carneiro, Zumira Aparecida,Hagenbach, Adelheid,de Albuquerque, Sérgio,da Silva Maia, Pedro Ivo,Abram, Ulrich
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- Synthesis and enzyme inhibitory kinetics of some novel 3-(substituted benzoyl)-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one derivatives as α-glucosidase/α-amylase inhibitors
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The present work describes an efficient and convenient synthesis of a library of novel 3-(substituted benzoyl)-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-ones (3a–j). The benzoyl isothiocyanates were treated with glycine in the presence of pyridine, the reactants got consumed giving a variety of thioxoimidazolidin-4-ones derivatives under mild reaction conditions. The structures of the compounds were determined by elemental analysis, FTIR, 1H, 13C NMR and mass spectral data. The title compounds were tested for their potential to inhibit the activity of enzymes α-glucosidase and α-amylase. It was found that most of the derivatives showed good enzyme inhibitory activity while compound 3j exhibited excellent activity with IC50 values 0.051 and 0.0082 mM for α-glucosidase and α-amylase, respectively. The presence of 3,5-di-NO2 functional groups at aromatic ring in compound 3j play important role in enzyme inhibitory activity. The enzyme inhibitory kinetic analysis of the most potent derivative 3j revealed that it is a mixed type inhibitor of α-glucosidase with Ki and Ki? values 0.0339 and 0.1562 mM, respectively. It was further investigated that compound 3j formed reversible enzyme inhibitor complex with α-glucosidase. The cytotoxicity of all the synthesized compounds was also evaluated and results showed that none of these compounds displayed toxicity against brine shrimps. Based upon results, it is suggested that compound 3j may act as a lead structure for the development of most potent α-glucosidase inhibitors.
- Qamar, Rabia,Saeed, Aamer,Saeed, Maria,Shah, Babar Hussain,Ashraf, Zaman,Abbas, Qamar,Seo, Sung Yum
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p. 1528 - 1537
(2018/04/02)
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- Synthesis, carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity of some 1,3-oxazine derivatives
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(Table presented.). A series of 1-(6-methyl-2-substituted phenyl-4-thioxo-4H-1,3-oxazin-5-yl)ethanones (3a-n) were synthesized by the reaction of benzoyl isothiocyanates with active methylene compound acetylacetone in the presence of triethyl amine in a one-pot process. The structures of the products were elucidated by elemental analyses, FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectroscopy. These new 1,3-oxazine derivatives were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against carbonic anhydrase II. Results for in vitro assay revealed that compound 3b having 4-methoxy phenyl moiety was the most potent inhibitor with IC50 value of 0.144 ± 0.008 μM. It exhibited higher enzyme inhibitory activity as compared to the standard acetazolamide (IC50 = 0.997 ± 0.061 μM). The compounds 3c, 3h, and 3n also displayed superior inhibitory activities compared to the rest of the synthesized oxazine derivatives. The radical scavenging activity of oxazine derivatives was also performed and it was found that compounds showed moderate antioxidant activity. Lipinski rule confirmed the therapeutic potential of the synthesized compounds. Molecular docking studies were also performed to further understand the binding affinity of these compounds with PDBID 1V9E which confirmed that the synthesized derivatives bind in the active binding site of the target protein. Based upon our results, it is proposed that compound 3b may serve as a lead structure to design more potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
- Qamar, Rabia,Saeed, Aamer,Saeed, Maria,Ashraf, Zaman,Abbas, Qamar,Hassan, Mubashir,Albericio, Fernando
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p. 352 - 361
(2018/10/20)
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- Biologically active: Halo -substituted ferrocenyl thioureas: Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and DFT calculations
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In our search for new therapeutic agents, ferrocene-based thioureas (M1-M9) were successively synthesized and characterized by various analytical techniques like FT-IR, Raman, CHNS, AAS, and multinuclear (1H and 13C) NMR. The interac
- Asghar, Faiza,Rana, Sadaf,Fatima, Saira,Badshah, Amin,Lal, Bhajan,Butler, Ian S.
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p. 7154 - 7165
(2018/05/04)
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- Synthesis of sulfadiazinyl acyl/aryl thiourea derivatives as calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase inhibitors, pharmacokinetic properties, lead optimization, Lineweaver-Burk plot evaluation and binding analysis
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To seek the new medicinal potential of sulfadiazine drug, the free amino group of sulfadiazine was exploited to obtain acyl/aryl thioureas using simple and straightforward protocol. Acyl/aryl thioureas are well recognized bioactive pharmacophore containin
- Sajid-ur-Rehman,Saeed, Aamer,Saddique, Gufran,Ali Channar, Pervaiz,Ali Larik, Fayaz,Abbas, Qamar,Hassan, Mubashir,Raza, Hussain,Fattah, Tanzeela Abdul,Seo, Sung-Yum
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p. 3707 - 3715
(2018/06/19)
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- Synthesis, antimycobacterial activity, and acid dissociation constants of polyfunctionalized 3-[2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)thiazole-5-carbonyl]-2H-chromen-2-one derivatives
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Abstract: This study reports on synthesis and determination of antimycobacterial activity and acid dissociation constants of polyfunctionalized 3-[2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)thiazole-5-carbonyl]-2H-chromen-2-one derivatives, containing thiazole, coumarin, and pyrrolidine octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole moieties. The products were synthesized by a cyclization reaction of 5,5-diphenylpyrrolidine N-aroylthioureas or methyl 5-substituted 4,6-dioxo-3,3-diphenyloctahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1-carboxylate N-aroylthioureas and 3-(bromoacetyl)coumarin with good to excellent yield (81–97%). The compounds exhibited antimycobacterial activity against the M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain with minimum inhibitory concentration values in the range of 31.25–125?μg/cm3. Acid dissociation constants of the compounds were determined using data which were obtained using a potentiometric titration method in 50% (v/v) dimethyl sulfoxide–water hydroorganic solvent at 25 ± 0.1?°C, at an ionic background of 0.1?mol/dm3 of NaCl. Acid dissociation constants were calculated using the HYPERQUAD computer program. The acid dissociation constants obtained might be associated with SH, OH, and two NH groups, which were formed by the protonation of thiazole and pyrrolidine rings. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
- Nural, Yahya
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p. 1905 - 1918
(2018/07/02)
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- Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure, and antimicrobial studies of novel thiourea derivative ligands and their platinum complexes
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N,N-Di-R-N′-(4-chlorobenzoyl)thiourea (Di-R: diethyl, di-n-propyl, di-n-butyl and diphenyl) ligands (HL1–4) and their Pt(II) complexes (cis-[Pt(L1–4-S,O)2]) have been synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental
- Solmaz, Ummuhan,Gumus, Ilkay,Binzet, Gun,Celik, Omer,Balci, Gulten Kavak,Dogen, Aylin,Arslan, Hakan
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p. 200 - 218
(2018/02/09)
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- Synthesis of novel derivatives of chromenone bearing an N-carbamothioyl moiety as soybean 15-LOX inhibitors
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Novel derivatives of chromenone bearing an N-carbamothioyl moiety were synthesized and evaluated for their soybean 15-LOX inhibitory activity. Synthesis of the target compounds was started from 7-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one. It was reacted with 1-fluoro-2(4)
- Kaviani, Robabeh,Saeedi, Mina,Mahdavi, Mohammad,Nadri, Hamid,Moradi, Alireza,Shafiee, Abbas,Akbarzadeh, Tahmineh
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p. 335 - 344
(2017/07/04)
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- Synthesis and crystal structures of novel (4-phenylthiazol-2(3H)-ylidene) benzamide and ((benzoylimino)-3-(9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracen-1-yl)-4-oxothiazolidin-5-ylidene)acetate derivatives
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A new approach to the synthesis of new heterocyclic compounds with benzoylisothiocyanate, amines, and 2-bromoacetophenone (phenacyl bromide) fragments in one molecule has been developed. The synthesis method comprises condensation reaction for the prepara
- Hossaini, Mahshid,Heydari, Reza,Maghsoodlou, Malek Taher,Kolahdoozan, Majid,Graiff, Claudia
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- Synthesis, characterization, and in?vitro evaluation and in silico molecular docking of thiourea derivatives incorporating 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl moiety
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A series of acyl thiourea derivatives bearing 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl moiety (7 compounds) has been synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analyses. The molecular structure of five compounds (2, 4, 5, 6 and 7) was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal structures revealed that the carbonyl thiourea units in all determined compounds are mostly planar due in part to the formation of intramolecular N[sbnd]H?O[dbnd]C and C[sbnd]H?S[dbnd]C hydrogen bonds that form two S (6) rings. The intermolecular contacts of five crystal structures have been preformed based on the Hirshfeld surface and their associated 2D fingerprint plots. All the synthesized compounds were preliminarily screened for their in?vitro anti-fungal activity. Especially, compounds 4, 5 and 6 showed a good anti-fungal activity for four different kinds of fungi. Furthermore, all prepared thiourea derivatives were screened for antioxidant potential activity by DPPH free radical scavenging and the excellent activity were found compounds 5 and 6 with the IC50value of 191.75?μg/mL and 189.75?μg/mL, respectively. In silico molecular docking studies were performed to screen the thiourea derivatives against heat shock protein HSP90.
- Qiao, Lei,Huang, Jie,Hu, Wei,Zhang, Yu,Guo, Jiajia,Cao, Wenli,Miao, Kanghua,Qin, Baofu,Song, Jirong
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p. 149 - 159
(2017/03/22)
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- Synthesis and anti(myco)bacterial activity of novel 5,5-diphenylpyrrolidine N-aroylthiourea derivatives and a functionalized hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazole
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In this paper, five novel 5,5-diphenylpyrrolidine N-aroylthiourea derivatives were synthesized by stereoselective cycloaddition of N-diphenylmethylene-protected glycine methyl ester and methyl acrylate, and subsequent coupling with aroylisothiocyanates. The cis-stereochemistry of one of the heterocyclic thiourea derivatives was characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The compounds showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia. coli and Acinetobacter baumannii with minimum inhibitory concentration values in the range of 62.5–1000 μg/mL against these bacterial strains. Antimycobacterial activity of the compounds was investigated against the M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain and all compounds exhibited antimycobacterial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration value of 80 μg/mL. Additionally, methyl 5,5-diphenylhexahydro-1-oxo-3-thioxo-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazole-6-carboxylate was synthesized by cyclization reaction of the 5,5-diphenylpyrrolidine N-aroylthiourea derivatives in the presence of hydrazine monohydrate and exhibited antibacterial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration value of 62.5 μg/mL against the same bacterial strains and exhibited antimycobacterial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration value of 80 μg/mL against the M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain.
- Er?en, Duygu,ülger, Mahmut,Mangelinckx, Sven,Gemili, Müge,?ahin, Ertan,Nural, Yahya
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p. 2152 - 2160
(2017/08/03)
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- From Sphingosine Kinase to Dihydroceramide Desaturase: A Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) Study of the Enzyme Inhibitory and Anticancer Activity of 4-((4-(4-Chlorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)amino)phenol (SKI-II)
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The sphingosine kinase (SK) inhibitor, SKI-II, has been employed extensively in biological investigations of the role of SK1 and SK2 in disease and has demonstrated impressive anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. However, interpretations of results u
- Aurelio, Luigi,Scullino, Carmen V.,Pitman, Melissa R.,Sexton, Anna,Oliver, Victoria,Davies, Lorena,Rebello, Richard J.,Furic, Luc,Creek, Darren J.,Pitson, Stuart M.,Flynn, Bernard L.
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p. 965 - 984
(2016/02/23)
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- Synthesis and antitumor activity of novel N-benzoyl-N'-substituted pyrimidinyl (thio)semicarbazide derivatives
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A series of substituted pyrimidinyl (thio)semicarbazide derivatives were designed and synthesized. The antitumor results showed that the activity of thiosemicarbazide compounds (series II) was generally higher than that of the corresponding semicarbazide derivatives (series I). Among them, IIk displayed higher cytotoxicity against HL-60, BGC-823 and Bel-7402 than that of adriamycin and exhibited broad in vitro cytotoxicity against 13 human tumor cell lines. Meanwhile, the cytotoxic selectivity and anti-multidrug resistance were evaluated, and IIk exhibited selective cytotoxicity against cancer cells in comparison to human normal cells and had significant anti-multidrug resistance capability. The bioassay results showed that IIk showed great promise as a potent lead compound for further antitumor discovery.
- Song, Gaopeng,Li, Jianzuo,Tian, Hao,Li, Yasheng,Hu, Dekun,Li, Ying,Cui, Zining
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p. 329 - 334
(2016/04/04)
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- Design, syntheses and evaluation of benzoylthioureas as urease inhibitors of agricultural interest
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Urea is one of the most used nitrogen fertilizers worldwide. However, occurrence of urea hydrolysis to ammonia and carbon dioxide on soil surface, catalyzed by soil ureases, considerably reduces nitrogen availability to crops. In this study, we describe the design, synthesis and screening of sixty five benzoylthioureas (BTUs) for their ability to inhibit purified jack bean and soil ureases. BTUs were readily obtained in one pot, two steps synthesis with no need of cumbersome procedures for product purification. In vitro assays revealed BTUs 11, 12, 14, 19-22 and 37 as the most active jack bean urease inhibitors. Such BTUs were found to be able to bind to both catalytic and allosteric sites of urease, acting therefore as mixed-type inhibitors. Out of 28 compounds that effectively inhibited soil ureases activity, BTUs 3, 6, 10, 12, 16, 19 and 22 were determined to be more potent than the reference inhibitor N-(butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT; 40%). The other 22 BTUs were as potent as NBPT on soil ureases. The temperature-tolerance of BTUs, along with their ability to inhibit soil ureases, makes of this class of compounds potential additive for urea-based fertilizers.
- Brito, Tiago O.,Souza, Aline X.,Mota, Yane C. C.,Morais, Vinicius S. S.,De Souza, Leandro T.,De Fátima, ?ngelo,Macedo, Fernando,Modolo, Luzia V.
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p. 44507 - 44515
(2015/06/02)
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- Straightforward Approach Toward Dihydrothiazoles via Intramolecular Bromocyclization
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An intramolecular bromonium ion-assisted cyclization with sulfur as an internal nucleophile is described. Starting from benzoyl chlorides, this method provides an easy procedure for the synthesis of dihydrothiazole derivatives in moderate to good yields.
- Sadat-Ebrahimi, Seyed Esmail,Ganjizadeh Zarj, Marzieh,Moghimi, Setareh,Yahya-Meymandi, Azadeh,Mahdavi, Mohammad,Arab, Saman,Shafiee, Abbas,Foroumadi, Alireza
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p. 2142 - 2147
(2015/09/01)
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- Structure-Activity Relationships and Anti-inflammatory Activities of N-Carbamothioylformamide Analogues as MIF Tautomerase Inhibitors
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Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a proinflammatory cytokine, is an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In our previous study, 3-[(biphenyl-4-ylcarbonyl)carbamothioyl]amino benzoic acid (compound 1) was discovered as a potent inhibitor of MIF by docking-based virtual screening and bioassays. Here, a series of analogues of compound 1 derived from similarity search and chemical synthesis were evaluated for their MIF tautomerase activities, and their structure-activity relationships were then analyzed. The most potent inhibitor (compound 5) with an IC50 of 370 nM strongly suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of TNF-α and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner and significantly enhanced the survival rate of mice with LPS-induced endotoxic shock from 0 to 35% at 0.5 mg/kg and to 45% at 1 mg/kg, highlighting the therapeutic potential of the MIF tautomerase inhibition in inflammatory diseases.
- Zhang, Yu,Xu, Lei,Zhang, Zhiqiang,Zhang, Zhiyu,Zheng, Longtai,Li, Dan,Li, Youyong,Liu, Feng,Yu, Kunqian,Hou, Tingjun,Zhen, Xuechu
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p. 1994 - 2004
(2015/10/06)
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- Synthesis, biological evaluation and docking study of 3-aroyl-1-(4- sulfamoylphenyl)thiourea derivatives as 15-lipoxygenase inhibitors
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A series of 3-aroyl-1-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)thiourea derivatives containing sulfonamide moiety were designed and synthesized as 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) inhibitors. Most synthesized compounds showed potent activity against soybean 15-LOX with IC50
- Mahdavi, Mohammad,Shirazi, Maryam Shahzad,Taherkhani, Raana,Saeedi, Mina,Alipour, Eskandar,Moghadam, Farshad Homayouni,Moradi, Alireza,Nadri, Hamid,Emami, Saeed,Firoozpour, Loghman,Shafiee, Abbas,Foroumadi, Alireza
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p. 308 - 313
(2014/06/24)
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