23135-22-0 Usage
Uses
Used in Agricultural Industry:
Oxamyl is used as an insecticide, nematicide, and acaricide for the treatment and protection of crops from parasites and insects. It exhibits both oral and contact toxicity to control both sucking and chewing insects and mites in a wide variety of row crops, fruits, vegetables, and ornamentals.
Oxamyl is used as a restricted use pesticide on apples, bananas, carrots, celery, citrus, cotton, cucumbers, eggplants, garlic, ginger, muskmelon (including cantaloupe and honeydew melon), onion (dry bulb), peanuts, pears, peppers, peppermint, pineapples, plantains, potatoes, pumpkins, soybeans, spearmint, squash, sweet potatoes, tobacco, tomatoes, watermelons, and yams. It is also used on non-bearing apple, cherry, citrus, peach, pear, and tobacco. Oxamyl is applied directly onto plants or the soil surface and is available in both liquid and granular form (though the granular form is banned in the U.S.). It has no residential use and is registered for use in EU countries.
Trade name
BLADE?; D-1410?; DPX 1410?;
INSECTICIDE-NEMACIDE 1410?; OXAMYL
CARBAMATE INSECTICIDE?; THIOXAMYL?;
VYDATE?; VYDATE? 10G; VYDATE L?; VYDATE
INSECTICIDE/NEMATICIDE?; VYDATE OXAMYL
INSECTICIDE/NEMATOCIDE?[C]
Safety Profile
Poison by ingestion,
skin contact, and inhalation. Experimental
reproductive effects. Moderately toxic by
skin contact. When heated to decomposition
it emits very toxic fumes of NOx and SOx
Potential Exposure
Oxamyl is a white crystalline solid. Sulfur or
garlic-like odor. Molecular weight=219.3
Environmental Fate
Soil. Oxamyl rapidly degraded in a loamy sand and fine sand soil at 25°C to carbon
dioxide and the intermediate methyl N-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-1-thiooxaminidate (Rajagopol
et al., 1984). The reported half-life in soil is approximately one week (Worthing
and Hance, 1991). Ou and Rao (1986) reported a half-life in soil of 8–50 days. The reported
half-lives of oxamyl in Pitstone, Devizes, Sutton Veany and Mepal soils at 15°C were
reported to be 10.2–13.1, 6.2, 7.1 and 17.8 days, respectively (Bromilow et al., 1980).
Smelt et al. (1987) reported that oxamyl degraded at a higher rate in field plots after
repeated applications of this nematocide than in soils that received no treatment. The
repeated applications of oxamyl to soils probably induced microbial activity, which
resulted in the accelerated disappearance of this compound.Harvey and Han (1978) reported a half-life of 8 days for oxamyl in soil.Groundwater. According to the U.S. EPA (1986) oxamyl has a high potential to leach
to groundwater.Plant. Dislodgable residues of oxamyl on cotton leaf 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after
application (0.41 kg/ha) were 1.5, 1.1, 1.2, 0.85 and 0.76 mg/m2, respectively (Buck et al.,
1980).Chemical/Physical. The hydrolysis half-lives of oxamyl in a sterile 1% ethanol/water
solution at 25°C and pH values of 4.5, 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0, were 300, 17, 1.6 and 0.20 weeks,
respectively (Chapman and Cole, 1982). Under alkaline conditions, oxam
Metabolic pathway
Oxamyl degrades in soils, plants and animals following common metabolic
pathways. Primary degradation reactions include the hydrolysis of
the carbamate ester to yield the corresponding oxyimidothioate and
nitrile. Other major metabolic reactions include N-demethylation and the
hydration/oxidation of the nitriles to the corresponding amides and
acids. The majority of the oxamyl metabolites are recovered as conjugates
in plants and animals. No metabolites containing the oxidised thiomethyl
group were observed. The primary degradation/metabolic pathways of
oxamyl are presented in Scheme 1.
Shipping
UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical
Name Required. UN2991 Carbamate pesticides, liquid,
toxic, flammable, flash point ＜23°C, Hazard Class: 6.1;
Labels: 6.1-Poisonous material, 3-Flammable liquid.
Degradation
Oxamyl (1) was stable under acidic conditions but hydrolysed rapidly
under basic conditions at 25 °C with DT50 values of >30 days at pH 5,
8 days at pH 7, and 3 hours at pH 9 (McNally and Wheeler, 1988).
Cleavage of the methylcarbamoyl bond yielded methyl 2-( dimethylamino)-
N-hydroxy-2-oxoethanimidothioate (2) as the primary hydrolysis
product.
Exposure to artificial sunlight enhanced the degradation of oxamyl in
pH 5 solution (DT50 7 vs. >30 days) to yield compound 2 (McNally,
1988). Rapid degradation of oxamyl was also observed in natural water
exposed to natural sunlight (DT50 <1 day, Harvey and Han, 1978a).
Compound 2 and its geometrical isomer (3) were major products
observed in natural and distilled water exposed to artificial and natural
sunlight. Further hydrolysis yielded (dimethy1amino)oxoacetica cid (4) as
a minor photodegradation product in natural water exposed to natural
sunlight.
Incompatibilities
Compounds of the carboxyl group react
with all bases, both inorganic and organic (i.e., amines)
releasing substantial heat, water and a salt that may be
harmful. Incompatible with arsenic compounds (releases
hydrogen cyanide gas), diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates,
isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides
(releasing heat, toxic, and possibly flammable gases), thiosulfates
and dithionites (releasing hydrogen sulfate and oxides
of sulfur).
Waste Disposal
Consult with environmental
regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal
2264 Oxamyl
practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant
(≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing
storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.
Small quantities may be treated with alkali and buried in a
landfill. In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations
for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers.
Must be disposed properly by following package label directions
or by contacting your local or federal environmental
control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 23135-22-0 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 2,3,1,3 and 5 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 2 and 2 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 23135-22:
(7*2)+(6*3)+(5*1)+(4*3)+(3*5)+(2*2)+(1*2)=70
70 % 10 = 0
So 23135-22-0 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
23135-22-0Relevant articles and documents
A NOVEL CRYSTALLINE FORM OF OXAMYL, A PROCESS FOR ITS PREPARATION AND USE OF THE SAME
-
Page/Page column 14-15, (2018/06/22)
The present invention describes a crystalline form of oxamyl of formula (I), a crystal preparation process, the analyses of the crystal through various analytical methods and using the crystalline form to prepare a stable agrochemical formulation. The invention also describes the use of various solvents towards the crystalline form preparation conditions.
