- Probing the phytopathogenic stem rot fungus with phytoalexins and analogues: unprecedented glucosylation of camalexin and 6-methoxycamalexin
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The remarkable metabolism of the cruciferous hytoalexins camalexin and 6-methoxycamalexin by the stem rot phytopathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is reported. The biotransformations yielded camalexins glucosylated at N-1 or C-6 of the indole ring, with substantially lower antifungal activity than camalexins. A camalexin analogue with the positions N-1 and C-6 blocked was metabolized but at a much slower rate than the natural hytoalexins. The chemistry involved in the metabolism of natural camalexins and two new analogues, as well as their novel metabolites and respective antifungal activities is described. Copyright
- Pedras, M. Soledade C.,Ahiahonu, Pearson W.K
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- Pleiotropic prodrugs: Design of a dual butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor and 5-HT6 receptor antagonist with therapeutic interest in Alzheimer's disease
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Beside acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase could be considered as a putative target of interest for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). As a result of complexity of AD, no molecule has been approved since 2002. Idalopirdine, a 5-HT6 receptors antagonist, did not show its effectiveness in clinical trial despite its evaluation as adjunct to cholinesterase inhibitors. Pleiotropic molecules, known as multitarget directed ligands (MTDLs) are currently developed to tackle the multifactorial origin of AD. In this context, we have developed a pleiotropic carbamate 7, that behaves as a covalent inhibitor of BuChE (IC50 = 0.97 μM). The latter will deliver after hydrolysis, compound 6, a potent 5-HT6 receptors antagonist (Ki = 11.4 nM) related to idalopirdine. In silico and in vitro evaluation proving our concept were performed completed with first in vivo results that demonstrate great promise in restoring working memory.
- Toublet, Fran?ois-Xavier,Lalut, Julien,Hatat, Bérénice,Lecoutey, Cédric,Davis, Audrey,Since, Marc,Corvaisier, Sophie,Freret, Thomas,Sopková-de Oliveira Santos, Jana,Claeysen, Sylvie,Boulouard, Michel,Dallemagne, Patrick,Rochais, Christophe
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- Triphenylphosphine/1,2-Diiodoethane-Promoted Formylation of Indoles with N, N -Dimethylformamide
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Despite intensive studies on the synthesis of 3-formylindoles, it is still highly desirable to develop efficient methods for the formylation of indoles, due to the shortcomings of the reported methods, such as inconvenient operations and/or harsh reaction conditions. Here, we describe a Ph3P/ICH2CH2I-promoted formylation of indoles with DMF under mild conditions. A Vilsmeier-type intermediate is readily formed from DMF promoted by the Ph3P/ICH2CH2I system. A onestep formylation process can be applied to various electron-rich indoles, but a hydrolysis needs to be carried out as a second step in the case of electron-deficient indoles. Convenient operations make this protocol attractive.
- Lin, Jin-Hong,Xiao, Ji-Chang,Zhu, Yu-Rong
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supporting information
(2021/11/22)
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- Unified Synthesis of Polycyclic Alkaloids by Complementary Carbonyl Activation**
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A complementary dual carbonyl activation strategy for the synthesis of polycyclic alkaloids has been developed. Successful applications include the synthesis of tetracyclic alkaloids harmalanine and harmalacinine, pentacyclic indoloquinolizidine alkaloid nortetoyobyrine, and octacyclic β-carboline alkaloid peganumine A. The latter synthesis features a protecting-group-free assembly and an asymmetric disulfonimide-catalyzed cyclization. Furthermore, formal syntheses of hirsutine, deplancheine, 10-desbromoarborescidine A, and oxindole alkaloids rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline have been achieved. Finally, a concise synthesis of berberine alkaloid ilicifoline B was completed.
- Christmann, Mathias,He, Guoli,List, Benjamin
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supporting information
p. 13591 - 13596
(2021/05/07)
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- N-skatyltryptamines-dual 5-ht6r/d2r ligands with antipsychotic and procognitive potential
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A series of N-skatyltryptamines was synthesized and their affinities for serotonin and dopamine receptors were determined. Compounds exhibited activity toward 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT6, and D2 receptors. Substitution patterns resulting in affinity/activity switches were identified and studied using homology modeling. Chosen hits were screened to determine their metabolism, permeability, hepatotoxicity, and CYP inhibition. Several D2 receptor antagonists with additional 5-HT6R antagonist and agonist properties were identified. The former combination resembled known antipsychotic agents, while the latter was particularly interesting due to the fact that it has not been studied before. Selective 5-HT6R antagonists have been shown previously to produce procognitive and promnesic effects in several rodent models. Administration of 5-HT6R agonists was more ambiguous-in naive animals, it did not alter memory or produce slight amnesic effects, while in rodent models of memory impairment, they ameliorated the condition just like antagonists. Using the identified hit compounds 15 and 18, we tried to sort out the difference between ligands exhibiting the D2R antagonist function combined with 5-HT6R agonism, and mixed D2/5-HT6R antagonists in murine models of psychosis.
- Bojarski, Andrzej J.,Bugno, Ryszard,Cie?lik, Paulina,Duszyńska, Beata,Handzlik, Jadwiga,Hogendorf, Adam S.,Hogendorf, Agata,Kaczorowska, Katarzyna,Kurczab, Rafa?,Latacz, Gniewomir,Lenda, Tomasz,Sata?a, Grzegorz,Staroń, Jakub,Szewczyk, Bernadeta
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- Access to Polycyclic Thienoindolines via Formal [2+2+1] Cyclization of Alkynyl Indoles with S8and K2S
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The syntheses of polycyclic thienoindolines bearing a dihydrothiophene or tetrahydrothiophene subunit have not been reported, despite the fact that such compounds may have interesting medicinal properties. Herein, we report a protocol for accessing polycyclic dihydrothiophenes by means of formal [2+2+1] intramolecular dearomatizing cyclization of alkynyl indoles with K2S and S8 as the sources of sulfide. In addition, tetrahydrothienoindolines were stereoselectively synthesized via a one-pot, two-step protocol involving AgNO3-catalyzed alkenyl dearomatization followed by two nucleophilic addition reactions involving K2S.
- Ma, Jinhui,Luo, Jiajun,Jiang, Kai,Zhang, Guangwen,Liu, Shubin,Yin, Biaolin
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supporting information
p. 8033 - 8038
(2021/10/25)
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- Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of pyridine-chalcone derivatives as novel microtubule-destabilizing agents
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Further optimization of the trimethoxyphenyl scaffold of parent chalcone compound (2a) by introducing a pyridine ring afforded a series of novel pyridine-chalcone derivatives as potential anti-tubulin agents. All the target compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative activities. Among them, representative compound 16f exhibited the most potent activity with the IC50 values ranging from 0.023 to 0.045 μM against a panel of cancer cell lines. Further mechanism study results demonstrated that compound 16f effectively inhibited the microtubule polymerization by binding to the colchicine site of tubulin. Moreover, cellular mechanism studies disclosed that 16f caused G2/M phase arrest, induced cell apoptosis and disrupted the intracellular microtubule network. Also, 16f reduced the cell migration and disrupted the capillary-like tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Importantly, 16f significantly inhibited tumor growth in H22 xenograft models without apparent toxicity, which was stronger than the reference compound CA-4, indicating that it is worthy to investigate 16f as a potent microtubule-destabilizing agent for cancer therapy.
- Xu, Feijie,Li, Wenlong,Shuai, Wen,Yang, Limei,Bi, Yi,Ma, Cong,Yao, Hequan,Xu, Shengtao,Zhu, Zheying,Xu, Jinyi
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- Access to Polycyclic Sulfonyl Indolines via Fe(II)-Catalyzed or UV-Driven Formal [2 + 2 + 1] Cyclization Reactions of N-((1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)propiolamides with NaHSO3
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A variety of structurally novel polycyclic sulfonyl indolines have been synthesized via FeCl2-catalyzed or UV-driven intramolecular formal [2 + 2 + 1] dearomatizing cyclization reactions of N-(1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)propiolamides with NaHSO3 in an aqueous medium. The reactions involve the formation of one C-C bond and two C-S bonds in a single step.
- Lu, Lin,Luo, Chenguang,Peng, Hui,Jiang, Huanfeng,Lei, Ming,Yin, Biaolin
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supporting information
p. 2602 - 2605
(2019/04/30)
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- N-Alkylation-Initiated Redox-Neutral [5 + 2] Annulation of 3-Alkylindoles with o-Aminobenzaldehydes: Access to Indole-1,2-Fused 1,4-Benzodiazepines
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Described herein is an unprecedented N-Alkylation-initiated redox-neutral [5 + 2] annulation of 3-Alkylindoles with o-Aminobenzaldehydes via a cascade N-Alkylation/dehydration/[1,5]-hydride transfer/Friedel-Crafts alkylation sequence. A series of indole-1,2-fused 1,4-benzodiazepines are facilely constructed in moderate to good yields in one step. This protocol features excellent regioselectivity, metal-free conditions, high step economy, and wide substrate scope.
- Wang, Shuai,Shen, Yao-Bin,Li, Long-Fei,Qiu, Bin,Yu, Liping,Liu, Qing,Xiao, Jian
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supporting information
p. 8904 - 8908
(2019/11/19)
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- Method for synthesizing indole -3 - formaldehyde compounds (by machine translation)
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The invention relates to a synthetic indole - 3 - formaldehyde compounds, which belongs to the technical field of organic synthesis. The invention will be indole compound, hexamethylene tetramine, crystalline aluminum trichloride, N, N - dimethyl formamide in proportion in 120 °C reaction under the condition of 1 - 20 the H, then filtered, washing, filtering, concentrating, column chromatography purification and other after-treatment technology, make the refined indole - 3 - formaldehyde compound. The invention overcomes the indole - 3 - benzaldehyde compound of preparation need to use not stabilized peroxide, and for a long time under the high temperature reaction of the defect. And the invention uses the advantages of simple equipment, product yield is high, the resulting yield of a target product can be up to 94%. In addition, the invention relates to a low reaction conditions, less catalyst levels, low energy consumption, the post treatment process is simple and easy to use, without the need of using a high dosage of acid or alkali, post-processing the solvent can be recovered and recycled, industrial "three wastes" is discharged little, suitable for large-scale production. (by machine translation)
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Paragraph 0041-0044; 0096-0099
(2018/08/28)
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- Pyridazinone compound, preparation method thereof, pharmaceutical composition and its use
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The present invention is in the scope of the field of pharmaceutical chemistry. Specifically, the present invention relates to pyridazinone compounds of formula (I) or isomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, prodrugs or solvates thereof, preparation method, pharmaceutical compositions thereof and use in manufacture of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, specially c-Met inhibitors. Said compounds or pharmaceutical compositions are used to prevent and/or treat tumor diseases related to c-Met abnormality as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, specially c-Met inhibitors.
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Paragraph 0124-0126
(2018/04/02)
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- Synthesis of polycyclic spirooxindoles via an asymmetric catalytic one-pot stepwise Aldol/chloroetherification/aromatization procedure
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A general method for the synthesis of chiral pentacyclic spirooxindoles containing a tetrahydropyrano[2,3-b]indole scaffold through a one-pot stepwise sequence from 3-(3-indolomethyl)oxindole, paraformaldehyde and NCS is reported. Furthermore, the pentacyclic spirooxindoles could be transformed to bispirooxindole and other structurally diverse spirocyclic oxindoles.
- Jiang, Yan,Yu, Shuo-Wen,Yang, Yi,Liu, Ying-Le,Xu, Xiao-Ying,Zhang, Xiao-Mei,Yuan, Wei-Cheng
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supporting information
p. 6647 - 6651
(2018/09/29)
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- Iron-Catalyzed C3-Formylation of Indoles with Formaldehyde and Aqueous Ammonia under Air
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An efficient iron-catalyzed C3-selective formylation of free (N-H) or N-substituted indoles was developed by employing formaldehyde and aqueous ammonia, with air as the oxidant. This new method gave 3-formylindoles in moderate to excellent yields with fairly short reaction times. Moreover, this procedure for catalytic formylation of indoles can be applied to gram-scale syntheses.
- Wang, Qing-Dong,Zhou, Bin,Yang, Jin-Ming,Fang, Dong,Ren, Jiangmeng,Zeng, Bu-Bing
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supporting information
p. 2670 - 2674
(2017/10/06)
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- Design and synthesis of bis(indolyl)ketohydrazide-hydrazones: Identification of potent and selective novel tubulin inhibitors
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A novel series of ketohydrazide-hydrazones as analogues of naturally occurring coscinamides has been synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity against five cancer cell lines. Of the twenty-synthesized ketohydrazide-hydrazones, compounds, 21c, 21f, 21g, 21k and 21o showed cytotoxic effects (less than 50% cell survival) against multiple cancer cell lines when tested at a final concentration of 10?μM. IC50 of three compounds 21f, 21k and 21o was determined to be less than 5?μM for all tested cancer cell lines. Compound 21k exhibited significant anticancer activity against MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, HCT-116 and JURKAT cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 0.8?μM, 0.50?μM, 0.15?μM, and 0.22?μM, respectively. Also, 21k was found to be more selectively cytotoxic against tumor cells when compared to normal cells. Preliminary mechanism of action studies indicated that the most active compound 21k induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in cells. 21k arrests cell cycle in G2/M phase by inhibiting of tubulin polymerization (IC50?=?0.6?μM).
- Tantak, Mukund P.,Klingler, Linus,Arun,Kumar, Anil,Sadana, Rachna,Kumar, Dalip
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p. 184 - 194
(2017/05/12)
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- A facile approach to tryptophan derivatives for the total synthesis of argyrin analogues
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A facile route has been established for the synthesis of indole-substituted (S)-tryptophans from corresponding indoles, which utilizes a chiral auxiliary-facilitated Strecker amino acid synthesis strategy. The chiral auxiliary reagents evaluated were (S)-methylbenzylamine and related derivatives. To illustrate the robustness of the method, eight optically pure (S)-tryptophan analogues were synthesized, which were subsequently used for the convergent synthesis of a potent antibacterial agent, argyrin A and its analogues.
- Chen, Chou-Hsiung,Genapathy, Sivaneswary,Fischer, Peter M.,Chan, Weng C.
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supporting information
p. 9764 - 9768
(2015/01/09)
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- Direct oxidative coupling of N-acetyl indoles and phenols for the synthesis of benzofuroindolines related to phalarine
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Inspired by the biogenetic synthesis of benzofuro-indoline-containing natural products, we designed an oxidative coupling between phenol and N-acetyl indoles. This straightforward and direct radical process, mediated by 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone and FeCl 3 allowed the regioselective synthesis of benzofuro[3,2-b]indolines, whose structure is found in the natural product phalarine.
- Tomakinian, Terry,Guillot, Rgis,Kouklovsky, Cyrille,Vincent, Guillaume
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supporting information
p. 11881 - 11885
(2015/01/09)
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- Elaboration of thorough simplified vinca alkaloids as antimitotic agents based on pharmacophore similarity
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Thorough simplification of vinca alkaloids based on pharmacophore similarity has been conducted. A concise process for the syntheses of target compounds was successfully developed with yields from poor to excellent (19-98%). Cell growth inhibitory activities of these synthesized compounds were evaluated in five cancer cell lines including MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, HepG2, HepG2/ADM and K562. Almost all compounds exhibited moderate antitumor activity with optimal IC50 value of 0.89 ± 0.07 μM in MCF-7 cells. Investigation of structure-activity relationship (SAR) indicates that electron-withdraw substituents on the ring contribute to the enhancement of the antitumor activities. The simplified vinca alkaloids are confirmed as antimitotic agents, which inhibit the polymerization of tubulin just like vinblastine.
- Zheng, Jing,Deng, Lijuan,Chen, Minfeng,Xiao, Xuzhi,Xiao, Shengwei,Guo, Cuiping,Xiao, Gaokeng,Bai, Liangliang,Ye, Wencai,Zhang, Dongmei,Chen, Heru
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p. 158 - 167
(2013/10/01)
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- Discovery of a highly selective FLT3 kinase inhibitor from phenotypic cell viability profiling
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We discovered a novel molecular framework 4 containing a heterobiaryl pyrazolopyridine moiety as a selective FLT3 kinase inhibitor from phenotype-based viability profiling. Compound 4g showed outstanding selectivity in cellular cytotoxicity against MV-4-11 leukemic cells via the induction of apoptosis. The hypothesis-driven deconvolution elucidated that compound 4g selectively blocked the phosphorylation of FLT3 and its downstream effectors, such as ERK and STAT5, only in MV-4-11 cells. The inhibitory effect of 4g on in vitro enzyme function and FLT3 phosphorylation in cells proved that FLT3 kinase is a direct molecular target of 4g. Finally, the kinase activity profiling of 4g verified its excellent selectivity toward FLT3 over 40 representative kinases, including the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013.
- Lee, Sanghee,Jo, Ala,Park, Seung Bum
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p. 228 - 232
(2013/03/14)
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- Highly enantioselective Friedel-Crafts alkylation/N-hemiacetalization cascade reaction with indoles
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A new ring for your indole: An unprecedented copper-catalyzed enantioselective Friedel-Crafts alkylation/N-hemiacetalization cascade reaction with indoles and β,γ-unsaturated α-ketoesters is reported. This mild strategy provides new access to various synthetically and biologically important 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles in a highly enantioselective manner.
- Cheng, Hong-Gang,Lu, Liang-Qiu,Wang, Tao,Yang, Qing-Qing,Liu, Xiao-Peng,Li, Yang,Deng, Qiao-Hui,Chen, Jia-Rong,Xiao, Wen-Jing
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supporting information
p. 3250 - 3254
(2013/04/10)
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- An investigation into the substituent effect of halogen atoms on the crystal structures of indole-3-carboxylic acid (ICA)
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An investigation into the substituent effect of halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br) on the crystal structure of indole-3-carboxylic acid (ICA) was prepared in this work. The investigation was done through the aspect of crystal structure, intermolecular interactions and π...π stacking motifs with the assistance of infrared spectra, elemental analyses, NMR spectra, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) and hot stage microscopy (HSM) measurements. The results revealed that the different kinds of halogen atoms and the different substituted positions have a significant effect on the crystal structures, molecular π...π stacking motifs and the kinds of intermolecular interactions. We further correlated the melting points of the ICAs with the H-H, O-H and X-H (X = F, Cl, Br) interactions, and found a positive correlation between them.
- Luo, Yang-Hui,Sun, Bai-Wang
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p. 7490 - 7497
(2013/09/24)
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- Novel bis(indolyl)hydrazide-hydrazones as potent cytotoxic agents
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A series of bis(indolyl) hydrazide-hydrazones 5a-n were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxicity against selected human cancer cell lines. The reaction of indole-3-carboxaldehyde 2 with indole-3-carbohydrazide 4 in presence of catalytic amount of acetic acid afforded 5a-n in good yields. Among the synthesized bis(indolyl)hydrazide-hydrazones, the compound 5b with N-(p-chlorobenzyl) and bromo substituents was found to be the most potent against multiple cancer cell lines (IC50 = 1.0 μM, MDA-MB-231). The compound 5k exhibited selective cytotoxicity against breast cancer cell line MCF7 (IC50 = 3.1 μM).
- Kumar, Dalip,Maruthi Kumar,Ghosh, Soumitra,Shah, Kavita
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scheme or table
p. 212 - 215
(2012/03/10)
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- Synthesis and in vitro antifungal evaluation of 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1- [(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)methylamino]-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ols
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We extended our previous studies based on the design of 1-[(1H-indol-5-ylmethyl)amino]-2-phenyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ols as antifungal agents toward the identification of new indol-3-ylmethylamino derivatives. The majority of these compounds exhibited antifungal activity against a Candida albicans strain (minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 199.0 to 381.0ng/mL) suggesting an inhibition of 14α-demethylase by sterol analysis studies, but are weaker inhibitors compared to their indol-5-ylmethylamino analogs.
- Guillon, Remi,Loge, Cedric,Pagniez, Fabrice,Ferchaud-Roucher, Veronique,Duflos, Muriel,Picot, Carine,Pape, Patrice Le
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experimental part
p. 261 - 269
(2011/11/06)
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- Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) inhibitors. 3-(2-(pyridyl)ethenyl)indoles as potential anticancer immunomodulators
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Tryptophan catabolism mediated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an important mechanism of peripheral immune tolerance contributing to tumoral immune resistance. IDO inhibition is thus an active area of research in drug development. Recently, our group has shown that tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), an unrelated hepatic enzyme also catalyzing the first step of tryptophan degradation, is also expressed in many tumors and that this expression prevents tumor rejection by locally depleting tryptophan. Herein, we report a structure-activity study on a series of 3-(2-(pyridyl)ethenyl)indoles. More than 70 novel derivatives were synthesized, and their TDO inhibitory potency was evaluated. The rationalization of the structure-activity relationships (SARs) revealed essential features to attain high TDO inhibition and notably a dense H-bond network mainly involving His55 and Thr254 residues. Our study led to the identification of a very promising compound (58) displaying good TDO inhibition (Ki = 5.5 μM), high selectivity, and good oral bioavailability. Indeed, 58 was chosen for preclinical evaluation.
- Dolu?i?, Eduard,Larrieu, Pierre,Moineaux, Laurence,Stroobant, Vincent,Pilotte, Luc,Colau, Didier,Pochet, Lionel,Van Den Eynde, Beno?t,Masereel, Bernard,Wouters, Johan,Frédérick, Rapha?l
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supporting information; scheme or table
p. 5320 - 5334
(2011/10/02)
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- Synthesis and structure-affinity relationships of novel small molecule natural product derivatives capable of discriminating between serotonin 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C receptor subtypes
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Efforts to develop ligands that distinguish between clinically relevant 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C serotonin receptor subtypes have been challenging, because their sequences have high homology. Previous studies reported that a novel aplysinopsin belonging to a chemical class of natural products isolated from a marine sponge was selective for the 5-HT2C over the 5-HT2A receptor subtype. Our goal was to explore the 5-HT2A/2C receptor structure-affinity relationships of derivatives based on the aplysinopsin natural product pharmacophore. Twenty aplysinopsin derivatives were synthesized, purified and tested for their affinities for cloned human serotonin 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT2C receptor subtypes. Four compounds in this series had >30-fold selectivity for 5-HT2A or 5-HT2C receptors. The compound (E)-5-((5,6-dichloro-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)- 2-imino-1,3-dimethylimidazolidin-4-one (UNT-TWU-22, 16) had approximately 2100-fold selectivity for the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor subtype: an affinity for 5-HT2C equal to 46 nM and no detectable affinity for the 5-HT1A or 5-HT2A receptor subtypes. The two most important factors controlling 5-HT2A or 5-HT2C receptor subtype selectivity were the combined R1,R3-alkylation of the imidazolidinone ring and the type and number of halogens on the indole ring of the aplysinopsin pharmacophore.
- Cummings, David F.,Canseco, Diana C.,Sheth, Pratikkumar,Johnson, James E.,Schetz, John A.
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experimental part
p. 4783 - 4792
(2010/08/06)
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- Enantioselective Bronsted acid-catalyzed N-acyliminium cyclization cascades
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(Chemical Equation Presented) An enantioselective Bronsted acid-catalyzed N-acyliminium cyclization cascade of tryptamines with enol lactones to form architecturally complex heterocycles in high enantiomeric excess has been developed. The reaction is technically simple to perform as well as atom-efficient and may be coupled to a gold(I)-catalyzed cycloisomerization of alkynoic acids whereby the key enol lactone reaction partner is generated in situ. Employing up to 10 mol % bulky chiral phosphoric acid catalysts in boiling toluene allowed the product materials to be generated in good overall yields (63-99%) and high enantioselectivities (72-99% ee). With doubly substituted enol lactones, high diastereo- and enantioselectivities were obtained, thus providing a new example of a dynamic kinetic asymmetric cyclization reaction.
- Muratore, Michael E.,Holloway, Chloe A.,Pilling, Adam W.,Storer, R. Ian,Trevitt, Graham,Dixon, Darren J.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 10796 - 10797
(2009/12/03)
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- Novel tryptophan dioxygenase inhibitors and combined tryptophan dioxygenase/5-HT reuptake inhibitors
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Tryptophan dioxygenase (TDO) is a liver enzyme that is responsible for the majority of the metabolism of tryptophan. A series of novel 3-(2-pyridylethenyl)indoles are shown to be potent inhibitors of TDO with selected members of the series also having 5-hydroxy tryptamine (5-HT) reuptake inhibitory activity. These compounds are shown to provide significant increases in the levels of tryptophan and 5-HT in the cerebrospinal fluid and are thus of interest for antidepressant therapy.
- Madge,Hazelwood,Iyer,Jones,Salter
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p. 857 - 860
(2007/10/03)
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- The Effects of a Novel and Selective Inhibitor of Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase on Tryptophan and Serotonin Metabolism in the Rat
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The effects of a novel inhibitor 680C91 ((E)-6-fluoro-3-[2-(3-pyridyl)vinyl]-1H-indole) of the key enzyme of tryptophan catabolism tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) (EC 1.13.11.11), were examined on tryptophan catabolism in vitro and in vivo and on brain levels of tryptophan, serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). 680C91 was a potent (Ki = 51nM) and selective TDO inhibitor with no inhibitory activity against indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.17), monoamine oxidase A and B, 5-HT uptake and 5-HT1A,1D,2A and 2C receptors at a concentration of 10 μM. 680C91 has no effect on the binding of tryptophan to serum albumin in plasma and inhibited TDO competitively with respect to its substrate tryptophan. 680C91 inhibited the catabolism of tryptophan by rat liver cells and rat liver perfused in situ. The catabolism of L-[ring-2-14C]-tryptophan and a load dose of tryptophan (100 mg/kg) in vivo were inhibited by prior administration of 680C91. Administration of 680C91 alone produced marked increases in brain tryptophan, 5-HT and 5-HIAA. A load dose of tryptophan (100 mg/kg), producing increases in brain tryptophan 4-fold greater than that seen with 680C91, did not increase brain 5-HT and 5-HIAA to levels greater than those seen with 680C91 and produced a shorter-lasting increase in these parameters. These data therefore demonstrate the importance of TDO as a regulator of whole-body tryptophan catabolism and brain levels of tryptophan and 5-HT and suggest that a greater antidepressant efficacy might be achieved with inhibitors of TDO than tryptophan administration alone.
- Salter, Mark,Hazelwood, Robert,Pogson, Christopher I.,Iyer, Ramachandran,Madge, David J.
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p. 1435 - 1442
(2007/10/03)
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