- Identification of Ligand Binding Hot Spots of the Histamine H1 Receptor following Structure-Based Fragment Optimization
-
Developments in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) structural biology provide insights into GPCR-ligand binding. Compound 1 (4-(2-benzylphenoxy)piperidine) with high ligand efficiency for the histamine H1 receptor (H1R) was used to design derivatives to investigate the roles of (i) the amine-binding region, (ii) the upper and lower aromatic region, and (iii) binding site solvation. SAR analysis showed that the amine-binding region serves as the primary binding hot spot, preferably binding small tertiary amines. In silico prediction of water network energetics and mutagenesis studies indicated that the displacement of a water molecule from the amine-binding region is most likely responsible for the increased affinity of the N-methylated analog of 1. Deconstruction of 1 showed that the lower aromatic region serves as a secondary binding hot spot. This study demonstrates that an X-ray structure in combination with tool compounds, assessment of water energetics, and mutagenesis studies enables SAR exploration to map GPCR-ligand binding hot spots.
- Kuhne, Sebastiaan,Kooistra, Albert J.,Bosma, Reggie,Bortolato, Andrea,Wijtmans, Maikel,Vischer, Henry F.,Mason, Jonathan S.,De Graaf, Chris,De Esch, Iwan J.P.,Leurs, Rob
-
p. 9047 - 9061
(2016/10/22)
-
- 5a-Carba-β-d-glucopyranose derivatives as novel sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes
-
5a-Carba-β-d-glucopyranose derivatives were synthesized and identified as novel SGLT2-selective inhibitors. These inhibitors exhibited potent SGLT2 inhibition with high selectivity over SGLT1. Among the tested compounds, 6f indicated the most potent hSGLT2 inhibition and the highest selectivity over hSGLT1. Moreover, the pharmacokinetics data also showed that 6h, which had the same aglycon structure as sergliflozin-active (3-active), had a threefold longer half-life time (T1/2) than sergliflozin (3) with a high distribution volume in db/db mice. Subsequently, 6h lowered blood glucose levels as much as 3 and showed longer hypoglycemic action than 3 in db/db mice.
- Ohtake, Yoshihito,Sato, Tsutomu,Matsuoka, Hiroharu,Nishimoto, Masahiro,Taka, Naoki,Takano, Koji,Yamamoto, Keisuke,Ohmori, Masayuki,Higuchi, Takashi,Murakata, Masatoshi,Kobayashi, Takamitsu,Morikawa, Kazumi,Shimma, Nobuo,Suzuki, Masayuki,Hagita, Hitoshi,Ozawa, Kazuharu,Yamaguchi, Koji,Kato, Motohiro,Ikeda, Sachiya
-
p. 5334 - 5341
(2011/10/19)
-
- Synthesis of substituted phenols by using the ring-closing metathesis/isoaromatization approach
-
Ring-closing olefin metathesis (RCM) of 4-methylene-1,7-octadien-3-ones 2, followed by isomerization of the carbon-carbon double bond of 6-methylene-2-cyclohexenones 3 from exo to endo, produced various phenols 4. As an application of the method, the RCM/
- Yoshida, Kazuhiro,Narui, Rintaro,Imamoto, Tsuneo
-
experimental part
p. 9706 - 9713
(2009/10/02)
-
- NOVEL CYCLOHEXANE DERIVATIVE, PRODRUG THEREOF AND SALT THEREOF, AND THERAPEUTIC AGENT CONTAINING THE SAME FOR DIABETES
-
A cyclohexane derivative having the function of reducing a blood sugar level and having preferable properties required of medicines, such as long-lasting drug activity, metabolic stability, and safety; and a medicinal composition for use in the prevention or treatment of diseases attributable to hyperglycemia, such as diabetes, e.g., insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1 diabetes) or noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes), complications of diabetes, and obesity. The derivative is a compound represented by the formula (I): (wherein A is -O-, -CH2-, or -NH-; n is an integer selected between 0 and 1; R6 and R7 each independently is hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl; m is an integer selected among 1-3; Q is selected among the following formulae Q1 to Q5; Ar1 is optionally substituted arylene or optionally substituted heteroarylene, provided that the heteroarylene may be bonded to an aromatic carbocycle or aromatic heterocycle to form a fused ring; and Ar2 is optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl), a prodrug of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of either. Also provided are a medicine, a medicinal composition, or the like each containing the compound.
- -
-
-
- METHOD FOR PRODUCING 2-BENZYLPHENOL COMPOUND
-
Disclosed is a simple method for efficiently and selectively producing a 2-benzylphenol compound. Specifically disclosed is a method for producing a 2-benzylphenol compound represented by the following general formula (2): (wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9 represent the same as defined in the general formula (1) below) which is characterized by reacting a benzylidenecyclohexane compound represented by the following general formula (1): (wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 may be the same or different and respectively represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or the like; and R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9 may be the same or different and respectively represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or the like) in the presence of a dehydrogenation agent. Consequently, a 2-benzylphenol compound substantially containing no isomers can be produced selectively and efficiently under mild conditions by a simple procedure using an easily-available benzylidenecyclohexane compound as the raw material without requiring a special reaction equipment.
- -
-
Page/Page column 37
(2008/06/13)
-
- Environmentally friendly arylmethylation of aromatics with benzyl halides using envirocat EPZ10 as the catalyst
-
The Friedel-Crafts arylmethylation of aromatics with benzyl halides or bis-(bromomethyl)-benzene in the presence of Envirocat EPZ10 affords selectively para-arylmethylated products in good yields. Isolation of pure products involving an eco-friendly procedure and recyclability of the catalyst are important features of this method.
- Bandgar, Babasaheb P.,Kasture, Suhas P.
-
p. 913 - 915
(2007/10/03)
-