- Use of halomethyl resins to immobilize amines: An efficient method for synthesis of sulfonamides and amides on a solid support
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Methods for the synthesis of chloromethyl and bromomethyl equivalents of Wang's resin are described. To explore the utility of this acid clearable resin, amines were immobilized through the nitrogen atom, further functionalized, and then cleaved under acid conditions.
- Raju,Kogan, Timothy P.
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- TBAI-catalyzed C–N bond formation through oxidative coupling of benzyl bromides with amines: a new avenue to the synthesis of amides
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A new green approach for the synthesis of amide through TBAI-catalyzed oxidative coupling of benzyl bromides with amine was developed in the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as an oxidant. Various electron-donating and withdrawing groups containing benzyl bromides and various amines, were subjected to the reaction and transformed to the corresponding amide in good to excellent yields.
- Kumar, Dhirendra,Maury, Suresh Kumar,Kumari, Savita,Kamal, Arsala,Singh, Himanshu Kumar,Singh, Sundaram,Srivastava, Vandana
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supporting information
p. 424 - 432
(2022/02/09)
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- Visible-light-induced direct construction of amide bond from carboxylic acids with amines in aqueous solution
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A novel visible-light-promoted N-acylation for the synthesis of amides from easily available carboxylic acids with amines in the presence of I2 within 2.5 h in aqueous solution has been developed. Using sunlight as the visible light source greatly reduces the cost of experiments and produces almost no toxic effects. Hence, this study provides an alternative catalytic system for the construction of a wide range of amides with readily available materials. Moreover, the strategy was successfully applied in the preparation of N-(3-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)-7-nitroquinoxalin-2-yl)benzohydrazide, which displayed a signification anti-proliferation effect on A549, MCF-7 and HCT116 cell lines.
- Wang, Jin,Hou, Huiqing,Hu, Yongzhi,Lin, Jin,Wu, Min,Zheng, Zhiqiang,Xu, Xiuzhi
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supporting information
(2021/02/09)
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- Synthesis of ring-opened derivatives of triazole-containing quinolinones and their antidepressant and anticonvulsant activities
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Based on the potent antidepressant and anticonvulsant activities of the triazole-containing quinolinones reported in our previous work, a series of ring-opened derivatives of them were designed, synthesized in this work. Their antidepressant and anticonvulsant activities were screened using the forced swimming test (FST) and the maximal electroshock seizure test (MES), respectively. The results showed that compounds 4a, 5a, 6c-6e, 6g-6i, and 7 led to significant reductions in the accumulated immobility time in the FST at a dose of 50 mg/kg. Especially compound 7 exhibited higher levels of efficacy than the reference standard fluoxetine in the FST and the tail suspension test. The results of an open field test excluded the possibility of central nervous stimulation of 7, which further confirmed its antidepressant effect. Meanwhile, compounds 6a-6i and 7 showed different degrees of anticonvulsant activity in mice at the doses range from 300 to 30 mg/kg in the MES. Among them, compounds 6e and 7 displayed the ED50 of 38.5 and 32.7 mg/kg in the MES, and TD50 of 254.6 and 245.5 mg/kg, respectively. No one showed neurotoxicity at the dose of 100 mg/kg. The preliminary investigation forward to their mechanism indicated that regulation of GABAergic system might contribute to their anticonvulsive and anti-depressive action.
- Song, Ming-Xia,Huang, Yu-Shan,Zhou, Qiu-Gui,Deng, Xian-Qing,Yao, Xiao-Dong
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- Visible-Light Carbon Nitride-Catalyzed Aerobic Cyclization of Thiobenzanilides under Ambient Air Conditions
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A metal-free heterogeneous photocatalysis has been developed for the synthesis of benzothiazoles via intramolecular C-H functionalization/C-S bond formation of thiobenzanilides by inexpensive graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) under visible-light irradiation. This reaction provides access to a broad range of 2-substituted benzothiazoles in high yields under an air atmosphere at room temperature without addition of a strong base or organic oxidizing reagents. In addition, the catalyst was found to be stable and reusable after five reaction cycles.
- Bai, Jin,Yan, Sijia,Zhang, Zhuxia,Guo, Zhen,Zhou, Cong-Ying
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supporting information
p. 4843 - 4848
(2021/06/28)
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- Visible-Light-Promoted Iron-Catalyzed N-Arylation of Dioxazolones with Arylboronic Acids
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A visible-light-promoted and simple iron salt-catalyzed N-arylation was achieved efficiently under external photosensitizer-free conditions. Arylboronic acids and bench-stable dioxazolones were used for this cross-coupling reaction. This reaction features high reactivity, wide substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, simple operation procedure, and mild reaction conditions. Preliminary mechanistic investigations were conducted to support a radical pathway. This method may contribute to shift the paradigm of iron-catalyzed C-N bond construction and nitrene transfer chemistry.
- Tang, Jing-Jing,Yu, Xiaoqiang,Yamamoto, Yoshinori,Bao, Ming
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p. 13955 - 13961
(2021/11/20)
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- An Environmentally Benign, Catalyst-Free N?C Bond Cleavage/Formation of Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Unactivated Amides
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Herein, we report an operationally simple, cheap, and catalyst-free method for the transamidation of a diverse range of unactivated amides furnishing the desired products in excellent yields. This protocol is environmentally friendly and operates under extremely mild conditions without using any promoter or additives. Significantly, this strategy has been implied in the chemoselective synthesis of a pharmaceutical molecule, paracetamol, on a gram-scale with excellent yield. We anticipate that this universally applicable strategy will be of great interest in drug discovery, biochemistry, and organic synthesis.
- Kumar, Vishal,Dhawan, Sanjeev,Girase, Pankaj Sanjay,Singh, Parvesh,Karpoormath, Rajshekhar
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p. 5627 - 5639
(2021/11/11)
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- Regioselective Synthesis of 2° Amides Using Visible-Light-Induced Photoredox-Catalyzed Nonaqueous Oxidative C-N Cleavage of N, N-Dibenzylanilines
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A visible-light-driven photoredox-catalyzed nonaqueous oxidative C-N cleavage of N,N-dibenzylanilines to 2° amides is reported. Further, we have applied this protocol on 2-(dibenzylamino)benzamide to afford quinazolinones with (NH4)2S2O8 as an additive. Mechanistic studies imply that the reaction might undergo in situ generation of α-amino radical to imine by C-N bond cleavage followed by the addition of superoxide ion to form amides.
- Neerathilingam, Nalladhambi,Bhargava Reddy, Mandapati,Anandhan, Ramasamy
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supporting information
p. 15117 - 15127
(2021/10/25)
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- Carboxylic Acid Deoxyfluorination and One-Pot Amide Bond Formation Using Pentafluoropyridine (PFP)
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This work describes the application of pentafluoropyridine (PFP), a cheap commercially available reagent, in the deoxyfluorination of carboxylic acids to acyl fluorides. The acyl fluorides can be formed from a range of acids under mild conditions. We also demonstrate that PFP can be utilized in a one-pot amide bond formation via in situ generation of acyl fluorides. This one-pot deoxyfluorination amide bond-forming reaction gives ready access to amides in yields of ≤94%.
- Brittain, William D. G.,Cobb, Steven L.
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supporting information
p. 5793 - 5798
(2021/08/01)
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- Co2(CO)8as a Solid CO (g) Source for the Amino Carbonylation of (Hetero)aryl Halides with Highly Deactivated (Hetero)arylamines
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Carbonylation of (hetero)aryl iodides/bromides with highly deactivated 2-aminopyridines using Pd-Co(CO)4 bimetallic catalysis is accomplished. The use of Co2(CO)8 as a solid CO(g) source enhanced reaction rates observed when compared to CO(g), and excellent yields highlight the versatility of the developed protocol. A wide range of electronically and sterically demanding heterocyclic amines and (hetero)aryl iodides/bromides employed for this study resulted in excellent yields of amino carbonylated products. The developed methodology was further extended to synthesize Trypanosome brucie and luciferase inhibitors.
- Cheruku, Srinivas,Sajith, Ayyiliath M.,Narayana, Yatheesh,Shetty, Poornima,Nagarakere, Sandhya C.,Sagar, Kunigal S,Manikyanally, Kumara N.,Rangappa, Kanchugarkoppal Subbegowda,Mantelingu, Kempegowda
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p. 5530 - 5537
(2021/05/07)
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- Exploration of Cu-catalyzed regioselective hydrodehalogenation of o-haloanilides using EtOH as hydrogen source
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In present work, we have explored a Cu(acac)2/vasicine-catalyzed regioselective hydrodehalogenation methodology of o-haloanilides using EtOH as hydrogen source and solvent. The catalytic system could selectively dehalogenate 2-Br and 2-I, and features regioselective, efficient and functional group tolerance.
- Li, Min-Xin,Li, Mei-Ling,Tang, Yan-Ling,Sun, Yun,Qu, Lu,Huang, Feng,Mao, Ze-Wei
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supporting information
(2021/05/03)
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- Solar and visible-light active nano Ni/g-C3N4photocatalyst for carbon monoxide (CO) and ligand-free carbonylation reactions
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In this study, we investigate the amino and alkoxycarbonylation reaction between various substituted aryl halides, benzyl iodides, and iodocyclohexane with different types of amines and alcohols in the absence of carbon monoxide gas and ligands. Similar reactions are carried out at high temperatures, in the presence of appropriate ligands, stoichiometric amounts of bases, and gaseous carbon monoxide, which endanger the health of organic chemists. We present a novel method that does not utilize ligands, bases, gaseous CO, and special conditions. This procedure is a redox reaction carried out by new economic nano Ni/g-C3N4at room temperature and under visible light. Mo(CO)6was used toin situgenerate CO, to resolve the problems caused by the use of CO gas. This protocol has the ability to be used on a gram scale by using a continuous flow reactor.
- Hosseini-Sarvari, Mona,Akrami, Zahra
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p. 956 - 969
(2021/02/26)
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- Palladium(II) Complexes of a Neutral CCC-Tris(N-heterocyclic carbene) Pincer Ligand: Synthesis and Catalytic Applications
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Treatment of tris-azolium precursor 1 with palladium acetate under thermal conditions provided a CCC-pincer palladium(II) complex (2) bearing three NHCs (one imidazolylidene and two triazolylidenes) and one iodide ligand. Further treatment of complex 2 with an excess of AgSbF6 generates tris(carbene) dicationic palladium complex 3 in which the iodine ligands are exchanged with SbF6 anions and the metal center is stabilized by one acetonitrile ligand. Complexes 2 and 3 were tested in several cross coupling reactions showing high conversions under low catalyst loadings and mild reaction conditions. Additionally, complexes 2 and 3 performed well in the hydrosilylation of terminal alkynes with good selectivity toward the E-isomer.
- Angeles-Beltrán, Deyanira,Mendoza-Espinosa, Daniel,Rendón-Nava, David,Rheingold, Arnold L.
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supporting information
p. 2166 - 2177
(2021/07/20)
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- Traceless selenocarboxylates for the one-pot synthesis of amides and derivatives
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We have recently reported a one-pot procedure for glycosyl amides synthesis using selenocarboxylate as traceless reagent. Herein, we present a further application of selenocarboxylate-azide reaction for amide bond formation on a broader range of substrates, including heterocyclic systems and fatty acid. This method proved to be highly efficient for the synthesis of primary and secondary amides, sulfonamides, imides, phosphoramide and also carbamate.
- Silva, Luana,Rosário, Alisson R.,Machado, Bianca M.,Lüdtke, Diogo S.
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supporting information
(2020/12/25)
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- Activated charcoal supported copper nanoparticles: A readily available and inexpensive heterogeneous catalyst for the N-arylation of primary amides and lactams with aryl iodides
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A novel heterogeneous copper catalyst has been developed by supporting copper nanoparticles on activated charcoal via in situ reducing copper(II) with aqueous hydrazine as reductant. The characterization of Cu/C catalyst showed that the Cu0 nano-particles were formed on the surface of charcoal. This catalyst displayed good catalytic activities toward the N-arylation of primary amides and lactams with aryl iodides.
- Zhao, Rong,Dong, Wenwen,Teng, Jiangge,Wang, Zhiwei,Wang, Yunzhong,Yang, Jianguo,Jia, Qiang,Chu, Changhu
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supporting information
(2020/12/21)
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- Decarboxylative/Oxidative Amidation of Aryl α-Ketocarboxylic Acids with Nitroarenes and Nitroso Compounds in Aqueous Medium
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The decarboxylative/oxidative amidation of aryl α-ketocarboxylic acids with 5-aryl-3-nitroisoxazole-4-carboxylates and substituted dinitrobenzenes under oxidative aqueous conditions to afford N-aryl amides is described. The reaction is suggested to proceed via a radical pathway in which a benzoyl nitroxyl radical, the key intermediate formed from reaction between nitroarene and benzoyl radical from glyoxalic acid, couples with hydroxyl radical from water to produce amide. Mechanistic insight allowed the scope of the strategy to be expanded to the synthesis of amides via reaction between aryl α-ketocarboxylic acids and nitroso compounds.
- Barak, Dinesh S.,Dahatonde, Dipak J.,Dighe, Shashikant U.,Kant, Ruchir,Batra, Sanjay
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supporting information
p. 9381 - 9385
(2020/11/30)
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- Mechanochemical Synthesis of N-Aryl Amides from O-Protected Hydroxamic Acids
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Two robust and efficient mechanochemical protocols for the synthesis of an array of N-arylamides have been developed. This was achieved by a C?N cross-coupling between O-pivaloyl hydroxamic acids and aryl iodides or aryl boronic acids, in the presence of a stoichiometric amount of a copper mediator. The effectiveness of this method is highlighted by the high-yielding (up to 94 %), scalable (up to 8 mmol), and rapid (20 minutes) synthesis of N-aryl amides (15 examples), using a variety of deactivated and sterically encumbered substrates, whilst employing mild conditions and in the absence of solvents. In addition, it was determined that whilst the O-pivaloyl hydroxamic acid precursors can be synthesised mechanochemically, iron contamination originating from the steel jars was found to occur which can hinder the efficacy of this process. Furthermore, 3D printing was used to produce custom milling jars that could successfully accommodate a scaled-up version of the two protocols.
- Broumidis, Emmanouil,Jones, Mary C.,Lloyd, Gareth O.,Vilela, Filipe
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p. 1754 - 1761
(2020/09/02)
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- Double carbonylation of iodoarenes in the presence of a pyridinium SILP-Pd catalyst
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The efficiency of a palladium catalyst, immobilised on a supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) with adsorbed 1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium chloride, was investigated in aminocarbonylation reactions. Double carbonylation was found to be the main reaction using different iodoarenes and aliphatic amines as substrates. Application of aniline derivatives as nucleophiles led to the exclusive formation of substituted benzamides. The stabilisation effect of the adsorbed pyridinium ionic liquid was compared to that of imidazolium and phosphonium derivatives. It was proved that the pyridinium SILP-palladium catalyst could be reused in at least 10 cycles. Recyclability was tested in five successive runs for all of the substrates.
- Nagy, Enik?,Nagy, Petra,Papp, Máté,Skoda-F?ldes, Rita,Urbán, Béla
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- Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling of amides (transamidation) by selective N-C(O) cleavage mediated by air- And moisture-stable [Pd(NHC)(allyl)Cl] precatalysts: Catalyst evaluation and mechanism
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The Pd-NHC-catalyzed acyl-type Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling of amides by N-C(O) cleavage (transamidation) provides a valuable alternative to the classical methods for amide synthesis. Herein, we report a combined experimental and computational study of the Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling of amides using well-defined, air- and moisture-stable [Pd(NHC)(allyl)Cl] precatalysts. Most crucially, we present a comprehensive evaluation of a series of distinct Pd(ii)-NHC precatalysts featuring different NHC scaffolds and throw-away ligands for the synthesis of functionalized amides that are not compatible with stoichiometric transition-metal-free transamidation methods. Furthermore, we present evaluation of the catalytic cycle by DFT methods for a series of different Pd(ii)-NHC precatalysts. The viability of accessing NHC-supported acyl-palladium(ii) amido complexes will have implications for the design and development of cross-coupling methods involving stable amide electrophiles.
- Li, Guangchen,Zhou, Tongliang,Poater, Albert,Cavallo, Luigi,Nolan, Steven P.,Szostak, Michal
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p. 710 - 716
(2020/02/25)
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- Synthesis and characterization of Pd(II)–vitamin B6 complex supported on magnetic nanoparticle as an efficient and recyclable catalyst system for C–N cross coupling of amides in deep eutectic solvents
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Vitamin B6–Pd(II) immobilized onto magnetic nanoparticles have been successfully prepared and applied for C–Xcross-coupling reactions with aryl halides in green deep eutectic solvents. The results prove that the Fe3O4@vitamin B6–Pd(II) magnetic nanoparticles show high catalyst activity and good stability. It was also revealed that this complex can be recycled up to five times without any significant loss in catalytic activity.
- Bagheri, Sepideh,Pazoki, Farzane,Esfandiary, Naghmeh,Fadaei, Mohammad Mahdi,Heydari, Akbar
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- Copper-mediated regioselective efficient direct ortho-nitration of anilide derivatives
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The mild and readily available Cu(NO3)2 mediated ortho nitration of anilides with broad substrate using K2S2O8 as an oxidant in the absence of any other metal catalyst and nitrating agent under mild conditions was reported for the first time.
- Reddy Depa, Manmohan,Potla, Suneetha,Narkhede, Umesh C.,Jadhav, Vinod D.,Vidavalur, Siddaiah
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supporting information
(2020/07/20)
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- Transition-metal-free mono- or dinitration of protected anilines
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An amide-assisted arene nitration is presented, and both mono- and dinitration of protected anilines could be effected by using NaNO2 and NaNO3 as the mono- and bisnitrating agents, respectively. This divergent synthesis is transition-metal- and acid-free, and features a broad substrate scope, low cost, and ortho–para selectivity.
- Dai, Enrui,Dong, Ying,Dong, Yongrui,Kong, Rui,Liang, Deqiang,Liu, Guangzhang,Ma, Yinhai,Wu, Qiong
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- Electrochemical: N-acylation synthesis of amides under aqueous conditions
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An electrochemical N-acylation of carboxylic acids with amines was reported. The sustainable TBAB electrocatalysis proceeded with excellent chemoselectivity and positional selectivity, and with ample scope, allowing electrochemical N-acylation under mild reaction conditions at room temperature in water. Moreover, the synthetic utility of the current method is demonstrated by the synthesis of melatonin.
- Ke, Fang,Xu, Yiwen,Zhu, Suning,Lin, Xiaoyan,Lin, Chen,Zhou, Sunying,Su, Huimin
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supporting information
p. 4329 - 4333
(2019/08/21)
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- Clickable coupling of carboxylic acids and amines at room temperature mediated by SO2F2: A significant breakthrough for the construction of amides and peptide linkages
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The construction of amide bonds and peptide linkages is one of the most fundamental transformations in all life processes and organic synthesis. The synthesis of structurally ubiquitous amide motifs is essential in the assembly of numerous important molecules such as peptides, proteins, alkaloids, pharmaceutical agents, polymers, ligands and agrochemicals. A method of SO2F2-mediated direct clickable coupling of carboxylic acids with amines was developed for the synthesis of a broad scope of amides in a simple, mild, highly efficient, robust and practical manner (>110 examples, >90% yields in most cases). The direct click reactions of acids and amines on a gram scale are also demonstrated using an extremely easy work-up and purification process of washing with 1 M aqueous HCl to provide the desired amides in greater than 99% purity and excellent yields.
- Wang, Shi-Meng,Zhao, Chuang,Zhang, Xu,Qin, Hua-Li
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p. 4087 - 4101
(2019/04/30)
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- Phosphorus pentoxide for amide and peptide bond formation with minimal by-products
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Phosphorus pentoxide and DMAP are used for amide bond formation from carboxylic acids and amines. Dipeptides and amides have been synthesized using this reagent in 42–77% yields and >99% ees. The protocol is attractive as it occurs at ambient temperature, the formation of organic by-products is minimal and the reagent can be readily quenched using water. Furthermore, excellent enantioselectivities are observed without the use of harsh triazole based additives.
- Erapalapati, Venkataramana,Hale, Umatai A.,Madhavan, Nandita
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supporting information
(2019/11/21)
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- Design, synthesis and molecular modeling study of certain VEGFR-2 inhibitors based on thienopyrimidne scaffold as cancer targeting agents
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Different series of novel thieno [2,3-d]pyrimidine derivative (9a-d,10a-f,l,m and 15a-m) were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their ability to in vitro inhibit VEGFR-2 enzyme. Also, the cytotoxicity of the final compounds was tested against a panel of 60 different human cancer cell lines by NCI. The VEGFR-2 enzyme inhibitory results revealed that compounds 10d, 15d and 15 g are among the most active inhibitors with IC50 values of 2.5, 5.48 and 2.27 μM respectively, while compound 10a remarkably showed the highest cell growth inhibition with mean growth inhibition (GI) percent of 31.57%. It exhibited broad spectrum anti-proliferative activity against several NCI cell lines specifically on human breast cancer (T7-47D) and renal cancer (A498) cell lines of 85.5% and 77.65% inhibition respectively. To investigate the mechanistic aspects underlying the activity, further biological studies like flow cytometry cell cycle together with caspase-3 colorimetric assays were carried on compound 10a. Flow cytometric analysis on both MCV-7 and PC-3 cancer cells revealed that it induced cell-cycle arrest in the G0-G1phase and reinforced apoptosis via activation of caspase-3. Furthermore, molecular modeling studies have been carried out to gain further understanding of the binding mode in the active site of VEGFR-2 enzyme and predict pharmacokinetic properties of all the synthesized inhibitors.
- Ghith, Amna,Youssef, Khairia M.,Ismail, Nasser S.M.,Abouzid, Khaled A.M.
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p. 111 - 128
(2018/10/24)
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- The impact of cation structure upon the acidity of triazolium salts in dimethyl sulfoxide
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A series of triazolium salts, selected for their varying electronic and steric properties, were prepared and their pKa values were determined in DMSO at 25 °C using the bracketing indicator method. The effect of each systematic structural variation upon the acidity of the triazolium cation has been considered, in particular examining the effects of systematically altering electronic properties, quantified through the use of Hammett σ parameters. The first pKa value for an azolium salt that generates a mesionic carbene is also reported. These new data allow for the selection of appropriate bases for the deprotonation of such triazolium salts and the potential to correlate the pKa values determined herein with the nucleophilicity of the corresponding carbenes.
- Konstandaras, Nicholas,Dunn, Michelle H.,Guerry, Max S.,Barnett, Christopher D.,Cole, Marcus L.,Harper, Jason B.
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supporting information
p. 66 - 75
(2019/12/26)
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- Probing 2H-Indazoles as Templates for SGK1, Tie2, and SRC Kinase Inhibitors
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The broader and systematic application of a novel scaffold is often hampered by the unavailability of a short and reliable synthetic access. We investigated a new strategy for the design and synthesis of an array of N2-substituted aza-2H-indazole derivatives as potential kinase inhibitors. Guided by a rational ligand alignment approach to qualify the so-far underrepresented aza-2H-indazole scaffold, indazoles were connected at the N2 position with a phenyl spacer and an arylsulfonamide or amide linkage. Initial profiling against a panel of 30 kinases confirmed the in silico predicted selectivity bias. A synthesized focused library of 52 different aza-2H-indazole derivatives showed good initial selective inhibition against SGK1, Tie2, and SRC kinases, with the best representatives having IC50 values in the range of 500 nm. In a comparative computational study, these data were analyzed and rationalized in light of docking studies.
- Schoene, Jens,Gazzi, Thais,Lindemann, Peter,Christmann, Mathias,Volkamer, Andrea,Nazaré, Marc
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p. 1514 - 1527
(2019/08/07)
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- Detection of p-Nitroaniline Released from Degradation of 4,4′-Dinitrocarbanilide in Chicken Breast during Thermal Processing
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The diphenylurea 4,4′-dinitrocarbanilide (DNC) is the residue of concern left in edible tissues of broilers fed diets containing the anticoccidial nicarbazin. When chicken meat is submitted to thermal processing, p-nitroaniline (p-NA) is expected from DNC degradation. This work aimed at evaluating whether thermal processing of DNC-containing chicken meat induces p-NA appearance. First, a hydrolysis assay was performed in aqueous solutions at 100 °C in different pH, confirming that DNC cleavage yields p-NA. Then a novel LC-MS/MS method was used to detect traces of this aromatic amine in DNC-containing chicken breast fillets subjected to cooking methods. Our evidence showed p-NA occurrence in such chicken meat samples, which corroborated results from hydrolysis assay. The p-NA appearance in fillets was rather discrete during boiling treatment, but its concentration became pronounced over time for grilling, frying, and roasting, achieving respectively 326.3, 640.0, and 456.9 μg/kg. As far as we are concerned, no other research identified degradation products from DNC residue in heat-processed chicken fillets. Therefore, this study leads to additional approaches to assess impacts on food safety.
- Bacila, Danniele Miranda,Cunha, Anildo,Gressler, Vanessa,Scheuermann, Gerson Neudí,Coldebella, Arlei,Caron, Luizinho,Igarashi-Mafra, Luciana,Feddern, Vivian
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p. 9002 - 9008
(2019/08/22)
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- Graphene oxide-catalyzed CSp3–H activation of methylarenes in aqueous medium: A unified metal-free access to amides and benzimidazoles
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Graphene oxide (GO)-catalyzed selective synthesis of amides via CSp3–H activation of methylarenes and consequent C–N bond formation with anilines under aqueous medium has been described. Oxygen functionality allied with GO surface played a dual role both as acid catalyst and oxidizing agent to some extent. However, GO has a copious effect on the reaction, shown by a high TOF value with TBHP as co-oxidant. The decisive role of carboxylic acid functional groups on GO nanosheets in this metal-free strategy has been confirmed and was monitored by various analytic techniques viz. Fourier transform-infrared, UV–Vis, Raman and XPS. A plausible mechanism was proposed by control experiments and by the isolation of the intermediate. Over-oxidation of methylarenes was not detected, and high recyclability of the carbocatalyst with its heterogeneous behavior facilitated the isolation and purification of the desired products. We have further explored the utility of this process for the chemoselective synthesis of benzimidazoles.
- Dandia, Anshu,Mahawar, Dinesh Kumar,Sharma, Ruchi,Badgoti, Ranveer Singh,Rathore, Kuldeep S.,Parewa, Vijay
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- A metal-free approach for the synthesis of amides/esters with pyridinium salts of phenacyl bromides via oxidative C–C bond cleavage
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An efficient, simple, and metal-free synthetic approach for the N- and O-benzoylation of various amines/benzyl alcohols with pyridinium salts of phenacyl bromides is demonstrated to generate the corresponding amides and esters. This protocol facilitates the oxidative cleavage of a C–C bond followed by formation of a new C–N/C–O bond in the presence of K2CO3. Various pyridinium salts of phenacyl bromides can be readily transformed into a variety of amides and esters which is an alternative method for the conventional amidation and esterification in organic synthesis. High functional group tolerance, broad substrate scope and operational simplicity are the prominent advantages of the current protocol.
- Manasa, Kesari Lakshmi,Tangella, Yellaiah,Krishna, Namballa Hari,Alvala, Mallika
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p. 1864 - 1871
(2019/08/12)
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- Synthesis of Amides by Mild Palladium-Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation of Arylsilanes with Amines Enabled by Copper(II) Fluoride
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A general Pd-catalyzed synthesis of amides by oxidative aminocarbonylation of arylsilanes under mild conditions was accomplished for the first time. The reaction is promoted by a commercially available copper(II) fluoride, which acts as a dual silane activator and mild oxidant, enabling highly efficient aminocarbonylation of versatile arylsilanes at atmospheric CO pressure. The reaction is tolerant of a wide range of arylsilanes and various sensitive halide functional groups as well as a broad scope of amines are compatible with this oxidative process using cheap CO. A significant aspect involves the increased efficiency by the catalyst system. The reaction represents a segue into the powerful Pd-catalyzed oxidative transformations of organosilanes.
- Zhang, Jin,Hou, Yanyan,Ma, Yangmin,Szostak, Michal
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p. 338 - 345
(2019/01/10)
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- Secondary/tertiary amide compound and synthesis method thereof
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The invention discloses a secondary/tertiary amide compound and a synthesis method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: adding arylsilane and an amine compound, a catalyst and an additive to a solvent, introducing CO under a certain pressure, carrying out a carbonylation reaction, and carrying out separation and purification to obtain the secondary/tertiary amide. The method for preparing the secondary/tertiary amide by the carbonylation reaction has the advantages of concision, high efficiency, directness in the reaction, high atom economy, and wide sources and good stability ofa substrate. The reaction system of the invention does not require inert gas protection, and has mild conditions, and the target product is easy to separate and the yield reaches up to 92% under optimized reaction conditions.
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Paragraph 0085; 0086; 0087; 0088
(2019/01/21)
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- Palladium-Catalyzed Amidation and Amination of (Hetero)aryl Chlorides under Homogeneous Conditions Enabled by a Soluble DBU/NaTFA Dual-Base System
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The palladium-catalyzed coupling of aryl and heteroaryl chlorides with primary amides under mild homogeneous reaction conditions is reported. Successful C-N coupling is enabled by the use of a unique "dual-base" system consisting of DBU and NaTFA, which serve as proton acceptor and halide scavenger, respectively, using low catalyst loadings (0.5 mol %) with readily available, air-stable palladium precatalysts. The DBU/NaTFA system also enables the room-temperature coupling of primary aryl amines with aryl chlorides and is tolerant of a variety of base-sensitive functional groups.
- Beutner, Gregory L.,Coombs, John R.,Green, Rebecca A.,Inankur, Bahar,Lin, Dong,Qiu, Jun,Roberts, Frederick,Simmons, Eric M.,Wisniewski, Steven R.
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supporting information
p. 1529 - 1537
(2019/09/04)
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- Synthesis and Catalytic Applications of Palladium(II) Complexes Supported by Hydroxyl-Functionalized Triazolylidenes
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A series of allyl (1–3) and cinnamyl (4–6) palladium(II) complexes supported by hydroxyl functionalized triazolylidenes have been prepared. All new compounds were fully characterized by means of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, FT-IR and elemental analyses. The new triazolylidene palladium complexes were tested as precatalysts in the coupling of aryl chlorides with boronic acids and the coupling of esters with amines to produce biphenyls and amides, respectively. According to the overall results, complexes 4 and 5 displayed the highest catalytic activity in both coupling processes, providing good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions and using a wide range of substrates.
- De la Fuente-Olvera, Agustín A.,Suárez-Castillo, Oscar R.,Mendoza-Espinosa, Daniel
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supporting information
p. 4879 - 4886
(2019/12/11)
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- Solvent- and transition metal-free amide synthesis from phenyl esters and aryl amines
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A general, economical, and environmentally friendly method of amide synthesis from phenyl esters and aryl amines was developed. This new method has significant advantages compared to previously reported palladium-catalyzed approaches. The reaction is performed transition metal- and solvent-free, using a cheap and environmentally benign base, NaH. This approach enabled us to obtain target amides in high yields with high atom economy.
- Rzhevskiy, Sergey A.,Ageshina, Alexandra A.,Chesnokov, Gleb A.,Gribanov, Pavel S.,Topchiy, Maxim A.,Nechaev, Mikhail S.,Asachenko, Andrey F.
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p. 1536 - 1540
(2019/01/24)
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- Amide bond synthesis via silver(I) N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed and tert-butyl hydroperoxide-mediated oxidative coupling of alcohols with amines under base free conditions
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We present a base free method for amide bond construction via oxidative coupling of alcohols with amines catalyzed by Silver(I) N-heterocyclic carbenes (Ag(I)-NHCs) and mediated by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) in ethanol. The results of controlled experiments suggest that the oxidative coupling proceeds through the formation of aldehyde, then subsequent attack by amine to give hemiaminal, which can then be oxidized to amide.
- Balaboina, Ramesh,Thirukovela, Narasimha Swamy,Vadde, Ravinder,Vasam, Chandra Sekhar
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supporting information
p. 847 - 851
(2019/02/20)
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- Method for preparing derivatives of benzamide under microwave condition in aqueous phase
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The invention discloses a method for preparing derivatives of benzamide under a microwave condition in an aqueous phase. A coupling reaction is carried out between substituted benzoic acid and amine under the microwave condition in the aqueous phase. The method for preparing the derivatives of benzamide is environmentally friendly, easy and convenient to operate, safe, low in cost and efficient. Compared with the prior art, the method can be applicable to a large number of functional groups, is high in yield, produces fewer by-products, and further is easy to operate, safe, low in cost and environmentally friendly. A formula is shown in the description.
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Paragraph 0019; 0049
(2019/03/28)
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- Double carbonylation of iodoarenes in the presence of reusable palladium catalysts immobilised on supported phosphonium ionic liquid phases
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The first heterogeneous carbonylation reaction carried out with palladium catalysts immobilised on phosphonium ion modified silica supports is reported. The supported ionic liquid phases were characterised by solid state NMR and FT-IR measurements. The presence of the phosphonium ions on the surface made it possible to carry out double carbonylation in apolar toluene efficiently that resulted in reduced metal leaching. The introduction of dicationic moieties on the solid support has been proved to lead to a further increase in catalyst stability. The catalysts were proved to produce α-ketoamide products with excellent selectivity in the carbonylation of iodoarenes with aliphatic amines while monocarbonylation was the only reaction observed with aniline derivatives. The catalysts could be recycled and used in at least 10 subsequent runs under optimised conditions.
- Urbán, Béla,Szabó, Péter,Srankó, Dávid,Sáfrán, Gy?rgy,Kollár, László,Skoda-F?ldes, Rita
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p. 195 - 205
(2018/01/05)
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- Latent Bronsted Base Solvent-Assisted Amide Formation from Amines and Acid Chlorides
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Weakly basic amines, including even neutral amines such as nitroaniline and aminocarboxylic acids, react with acid chlorides very efficiently in N, N -dimethylacetamide (DMAC), without addition of a base, to give the corresponding amides in high yields. The role of DMAC and related solvents as latent Bronsted bases was studied in these amidation reactions. Less basic amines, such as aromatic amines, reacted with benzoyl chloride faster than more basic aliphatic amines.
- Otsuka, Rikuto,Maruhashi, Kazuo,Ohwada, Tomohiko
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supporting information
p. 2041 - 2057
(2018/05/04)
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- COMPOUNDS FOR TREATING TUBERCULOSIS
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The present invention relates to pyrimidine compounds and compositions for treating tuberculosis. These compounds may be used to target the F1 domain of F-ATP synthase and may be used with bedaquiline or 6-chloro-2-ethyl-N-[[4-[4- [4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]piperidin-1 -yl]phenyl]methyl]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide (Q203) or a combination thereof.
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Paragraph 0095; 00117
(2018/09/18)
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- Selective cleavage of the N-propargyl group from sulfonamides and amides under ruthenium catalysis
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The selective cleavage of the N-propargyl group from sulfonamides and amides under ruthenium catalysis is described. The reaction tolerates a broad range of functional groups, and the desired products were obtained in 10–95% yield.
- Wang, Jingjing,Li, Feng,Pei, Wenlong,Yang, Mixue,Wu, Yidan,Ma, Danyang,Zhang, Furong,Wang, Jianhui
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supporting information
p. 1902 - 1905
(2018/04/19)
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- Cross-Dehydrogenating Coupling of Aldehydes with Amines/R-OTBS Ethers by Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis: Synthesis of Amides, Esters, and Ureas
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A straightforward synthesis of amides, ureas, and esters is reported by visible-light cross-dehydrogenating coupling (CDC) of aldehydes (or amine carbaldehydes) and amines/R-OTBS ethers by photoredox catalysis. The reaction is found to be general and high yielding. A plausible mechanistic pathway has been proposed for these transformations and is supported by appropriate controlled experiments.
- Pandey, Ganesh,Koley, Suvajit,Talukdar, Ranadeep,Sahani, Pramod Kumar
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supporting information
p. 5861 - 5865
(2018/09/21)
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- A polymer supported Cu(II) catalyst for oxidative amidation of benzyl alcohol and substituted amines in TBHP/H2O
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A new polymer supported copper complex of 2,6-bis(benzimidazolyl)pyridine Cu(PS-BBP)Cl2 was prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, AAS, ESR, IR and UV–Vis spectral studies, magnetic moment measurement and thermogravimetric analyses. A facile oxidative coupling of alcohols and amines to synthesize amides was developed using Cu(PS-BBP)Cl2 as a catalyst and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as an oxidant using water as a solvent in a one-pot process. The optimum conditions were determined for the reaction of benzyl alcohol and benzylamine by varying solvents, temperature, substrate to TBHP ratio and catalyst concentration and the yield resulted was found to be 95%. The catalyst showed excellent catalytic activity and reusability. A tentative reaction mechanism has been proposed.
- Renuka,Gayathri
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- Base-promoted nucleophilic fluoroarenes substitution of C–F bonds
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With the use of KOH/DMSO as the superbase medium, the nucleophilic fluoroarene substitution for C–F bonds is presented. The transformation proceeds smoothly with the use of fluoroarenes bearing not only electron-withdrawing group, but also electron-donating group and a variety of nucleophiles such as alcohols, phenols, amines, amides and nitrogen-heterocyclic compounds. The double nucleophilic substitution using ortho-difluoroarenes and nucleophiles bearing ortho-dinucleophilic groups results in the formation of 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxins, dibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxins and 10H-phenoxazines in moderate to good yields.
- Su, Ji,Chen, Qian,Lu, Le,Ma, Yuan,Auyoung, George Hong Lok,Hua, Ruimao
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supporting information
p. 303 - 307
(2017/12/11)
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- Visible-Light-Mediated Nitration of Protected Anilines
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The photocatalytic nitration of protected anilines proceeds with riboflavin tetraacetate as an organic photoredox catalyst. Sodium nitrite serves as the NO2 source in this visible-light-driven room temperature reaction. Various nitroanilines are obtained in moderate to good yields without the addition of acid or stoichiometric oxidation agents. The catalytic cycle is closed by aerial oxygen as the terminal oxidant.
- Düsel, Simon J. S.,K?nig, Burkhard
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p. 2802 - 2807
(2018/03/09)
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- Mono- and double carbonylation of aryl iodides with amine nucleophiles in the presence of recyclable palladium catalysts immobilised on a supported dicationic ionic liquid phase
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Silica modified with organic dicationic moieties proved to be an excellent support for palladium catalysts used in the aminocarbonylation of aryl iodides. By an appropriate choice of the reaction conditions, the same catalyst could be used for selective mono- or double carbonylations leading to amide and α-ketoamide products, respectively. The best catalyst could be recycled for at least 10 consecutive runs with a loss of palladium below the detection limit. By the application of the new support, efficient catalyst recycling could be achieved under mild reaction conditions (under low pressure and in a short reaction time). Palladium-leaching data support a mechanism with dissolution - re-precipitation of the active palladium species.
- Papp,Szabó,Srankó,Sáfrán,Kollár,Skoda-F?ldes
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p. 44587 - 44597
(2017/09/26)
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- Intensified Microwave-Assisted N-Acylation Procedure - Synthesis and Activity Evaluation of TRPC3 Channel Agonists with a 1,3-Dihydro-2H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-one Core
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Upon controlled microwave heating and using cyanuric chloride as a coupling reagent, an efficient amidation procedure for the synthesis of 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-one-based agonists of TRPC3/6 ion channels has been developed. Compared to the few conventional protocols, a drastic reduction in processing time from ca. 2 days down to 10 minutes was achieved accompanied by significantly improved product yields. The robustness of the method was confirmed by 18 additional examples including aromatic, aliphatic, and heterocyclic amines and acids. The obtained agonists were screened for biological activity at 1 μM concentration and few structure-activity relations have been established.
- Guedes de La Cruz, Gema,Svobodova, Barbora,Lichtenegger, Michaela,Tiapko, Oleksandra,Groschner, Klaus,Glasnov, Toma
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p. 695 - 700
(2017/03/21)
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- Approach toward the understanding of coupling mechanism for EDC reagent in solvent-free mechanosynthesis
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A unique approach in mechanosynthesis, joining solid-state NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and theoretical calculations, is employed for the first time to study the mechanism of the formation of the C- N amide bond using EDC?HCl as a coupling reagent. It has been proved that EDC?HCl, which in the crystal lattice exists exclusively in the cyclic form (X-ray data), easily undergoes transformation to a pseudocyclic stable intermediate in reaction with carboxylic acid forming a low-melt phase (differential scanning calorimetry, solid-state NMR). The obtained intermediate is reactive and can be further used for synthesis of amides in reaction with appropriate amines.
- Wróblewska, Aneta,Paluch, Piotr,Wielgus, Ewelina,Bujacz, Grzegorz,Dudek, Marta K.,Potrzebowski, Marek J.
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supporting information
p. 5360 - 5363
(2017/11/06)
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- Design, synthesis and evaluation of azaacridine derivatives as dual-target EGFR and Src kinase inhibitors for antitumor treatment
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Overexpression of EGFR is often associated with advanced stage disease and poor prognosis. In certain cancers, Src works synergistically with EGFR to promote proliferation, survival, invasion and metastasis. Development of dual-target drugs against EGFR and Src is of therapeutic advantage against these cancers. Based on molecular docking and our previous studies, we rationally designed a new series of azaacridine derivatives as potent EGFR and Src dual inhibitors. Most of the synthesized azaacridines displayed good antiproliferative activity against K562 and A549?cells. The representative compound 13b showed nM IC50 values against K562 and A549?cells, and inhibited EGFR at inhibition rate of 33.53% at 10?μM and Src at inhibition rate of 72.12% at 1?μM. Furthermore, compound 13b could inhibit the expression of EGFR, p-EGFR, Src and p-Src. Moreover, 13b efficiently inhibited the invasion of tumor cells and induced cancer cells apoptosis. Our study suggested that azaacridine scaffold can be developed as novel multi-target kinase inhibitors for cancer therapy.
- Cui, Zhishan,Chen, Shaopeng,Wang, Yanwei,Gao, Chunmei,Chen, Yuzong,Tan, Chunyan,Jiang, Yuyang
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p. 372 - 381
(2017/05/19)
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