- A NEW SYNTHETIC ROUTE TO PROSTAGLANDINS
-
A short synthetic route to prostaglandins is described which depends on oxime-based methodology and which involves the joining of intermediates 9, 11, and 12 in a one-flask operation.
- Corey, E. J.,Niimura, Koichi,Konishi, Yoshitaka,Hashimoto, Shinsuke,Hamada, Yasumasa
-
-
Read Online
- Selective induction of cyclo-oxygenase-2 activity in the permanent human endothelial cell line HUV-EC-C: Biochemical and pharmacological characterization
-
1. Cyclo-oxygenase (COX), the enzyme responsible for the conversion of arachidonic acid (AA) to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), exists in two forms, termed COX-1 and COX-2 which are encoded by different genes. COX-1 is expressed constitutively and is known to be the site of action of aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. COX-2 may be induced by a series of pro-inflammatory stimuli and its role in the development of inflammation has been claimed. 2. Endothelial cells are an important physiological source of prostanoids and the selective induction of COX-2 activity has been described for finite cultures of endothelial cells, but not for permanent endothelial cell lines. 3. The HUV-EC-C line is a permanent endothelial cell line of human origin. We have determined the COX activity of these cells under basal conditions and after its exposure to two different stimuli, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). 4. Both PMA and IL-1β produced dose- and time-dependent increases of the synthesis of the COX-derived eicosanoids. These increases were maximal after the treatment with 10 nM PMA for 6 to 9 h. Under these conditions, the main eicosanoid produced by the cells was PGE2. 5. The increase of COX activity by PMA or IL-1β correlated with an increase of the enzyme's apparent V(max), whilst the affinity for the substrate, measured as apparent K(m), remained unaffected. 6. Treatment of the cells with PMA induced a time-dependent increase in the expression of both COX-1 and COX-2 mRNAs. Nevertheless, this increase was reflected only as an increase of the COX-2 isoenzyme at the protein level. 7. The enzymatic activity of the PMA-induced COX was measured in the presence of a panel of enzyme inhibitors, and the IC50 values obtained were compared with those obtained for the inhibition of human platelet COX activity, a COX-1 selective assay. Classical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibited both enzymes with varying potencies but only the three compounds previously shown to be selective COX-2 inhibitors (SC-58125, NS-398 and nimesulide) showed higher potency towards the COX of PMA-treated HUV-EC-C. 8. Overall, it appears that the stimulation of the HUV-EC-C line with PMA selectively induces the COX-2 isoenzyme. This appears to be a suitable model for the study of the physiology and pharmacology of this important isoenzyme, with a permanent endothelial cell line of human origin.
- Miralpeix, Montserrat,Camacho, Mercedes,Lopez-Belmonte, Jesus,Canalias, Francesca,Beleta, Jordi,Palacios, Jose Ma.,Vila, Luis
-
-
Read Online
- ARACHIDONIC ACID AND METHODS FOR ITS ISOLATION FROM NATURAL MATERIALS
-
Methods that have been developed for isolating arachidonic or, in full, cis-eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid from the wastes of the endocrine industry are described.The acid isolated has been characterized by physicochemical and spectral features.Prostaglandin E2 has been obtained by enzymatic synthesis from arachidonic acid.
- Yakusheva, L. A.,Myagkova, G. I.,Sarycheva, I. K.,Evstigneeva, R. P.
-
-
Read Online
- Inhibition of cyclooxygenase and prostaglandin E2 synthesis by γ-mangostin, a xanthone derivative in mangosteen, in C6 rat glioma cells
-
The fruit hull of mangosteen, Garcinia mangostana L., has been used for many years as a medicine for treatment of skin infection, wounds, and diarrhea in Southeast Asia. In the present study, we examined the effect of γ-mangostin, a tetraoxygenated diprenylated xanthone contained in mangosteen, on arachidonic acid (AA) cascade in C6 rat glioma cells. γ-Mangostin had a potent inhibitory activity of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release induced by A23187, a Ca2+ ionophore. The inhibition was concentration-dependent, with the IC50 value of about 5 μM. γ-Mangostin had no inhibitory effect on A23187-induced phosphorylation of p42/p44 extracellular signal regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase or on the liberation of [14C]-AA from the cells labeled with [14C]-AA. However, γ-mangostin concentration-dependently inhibited the conversion of AA to PGE2 in microsomal preparations, showing its possible inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX). In enzyme assay in vitro, γ-mangostin inhibited the activities of both constitutive COX (COX-1) and inducible COX (COX-2) in a concentration-dependent manner, with the IC50 values of about 0.8 and 2 μM, respectively. Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis indicated that γ-mangostin competitively inhibited the activities of both COX-1 and -2. This study is a first demonstration that γ-mangostin, a xanthone derivative, directly inhibits COX activity.
- Nakatani, Keigo,Nakahata, Norimichi,Arakawa, Tsutomu,Yasuda, Hideyuki,Ohizumi, Yasushi
-
-
Read Online
- Structural and functional characterization of human microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 by computational modeling and site-directed mutagenesis
-
Microsomal prostaglandin (PG) E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) has recently been recognized as a novel, promising drug target for inflammation-related diseases. Functional and pathological studies on this enzyme further stimulate to understand its structure and the structure-function relationships. Using an approach of the combined structure prediction, molecular docking, site-directed mutagenesis, and enzymatic activity assay, we have developed the first three-dimensional (3D) model of the substrate-binding domain (SBD) of mPGES-1 and its binding with substrates prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) and glutathione (GSH). In light of the 3D model, key amino acid residues have been identified for the substrate binding and the obtained experimental activity data have confirmed the computationally determined substrate-enzyme binding mode. Both the computational and experimental results show that Y130 plays a vital role in the binding with PGH2 and, probably, in the catalytic reaction process. R110 and T114 interact intensively with the carboxyl tail of PGH2, whereas Q36 and Q134 only enhance the PGH2-binding affinity. The modeled binding structure indicates that substrate PGH2 interacts with GSH through hydrogen binding between the peroxy group of PGH2 and the -SH group of GSH. The -SH group of GSH is expected to attack the peroxy group of PGH2, initializing the catalytic reaction transforming PGH2 to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The overall agreement between the calculated and experimental results demonstrates that the predicted 3D model could be valuable in future rational design of potent inhibitors of mPGES-1 as the next-generation inflammation-related therapeutic.
- Huang, Xiaoqin,Yan, Weili,Gao, Daquan,Tong, Min,Tai, Hsin-Hsiung,Zhan, Chang-Guo
-
-
Read Online
- Characterization of aldo-keto reductase 1C subfamily members encoded in two rat genes (akr1c19 and RGD1564865). Relationship to 9-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase
-
Rat genes, akr1c19 and RGD1564865, encode members (R1C19 and 20HSDL, respectively) of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) 1C subfamily, whose functions, however, remain unknown. Here, we show that recombinant R1C19 and 20HSDL exhibit NAD+-dependent dehydrogenase activity for prostaglandins (PGs) with 9α-hydroxy group (PGF2α, its 13,14-dihydro- and 15-keto derivatives, 9α,11β-PGF2 and PGD2). 20HSDL oxidized the PGs with much lower Km (0.3–14 μM) and higher kcat/Km values (0.064–2.6 min?1μM?1) than those of R1C19. They also differed in other properties: R1C19, but not 20HSDL, oxidized some 17β-hydroxysteroids (5β-androstane-3α,17β-diol and 5β-androstan-17β-ol-3-one). 20HSDL was specifically inhibited by zomepirac, but not by R1C19-selective inhibitors (hexestrol, flavonoids, ibuprofen and flufenamic acid), although the two enzymes were sensitive to indomethacin and cis-unsaturated fatty acids. The mRNA for 20HSDL was expressed abundantly in rat kidney and at low levels in the liver, testis, brain, heart and colon, in contrast to ubiquitous expression of R1C19 mRNA. The comparison of enzymic features of R1C19 and 20HSDL with rat PG dehydrogenases and other AKRs suggests not only a close relationship of 20HSDL with 9-hydroxy-PG dehydrogenase in rat kidney, but also roles of R1C19 and rat AKRs (1C16 and 1C24) in the metabolism of PGF2α, PGD2 and 9α,11β-PGF2 in other tissues.
- Satoshi Endo,Matsunaga, Toshiyuki,Hara, Akira
-
-
- Access to a Key Building Block for the Prostaglandin Family via Stereocontrolled Organocatalytic Baeyer–Villiger Oxidation
-
A new protocol for the construction of a crucial bicyclic lactone of prostaglandins using a stereocontrolled organocatalytic Baeyer–Villiger (B-V) oxidation was developed. The key B-V oxidation of a racemic cyclobutanone derivative with aqueous hydrogen peroxide has enabled an early-stage construction of a bicyclic lactone skeleton in high enantiomeric excess (up to 95 %). The generated bicyclic lactone is fully primed with two desired stereocenters and enabled the synthesis of the entire family of prostaglandins according to Corey′s route. Furthermore, the reactivity and enantioselectivity of B-V oxidation of racemic bicyclic cyclobutanones were evaluated and 90–99 % ee was obtained, representing one of the most efficient routes to chiral lactones. This study further facilitates the synthesis of prostaglandins and chiral lactone-containing natural products to promote drug discovery.
- Zhu, Kejie,Hu, Sha,Liu, Minjie,Peng, Haihui,Chen, Fen-Er
-
p. 9923 - 9927
(2019/05/16)
-
- 15-Hydroperoxy-PGE2: Intermediate in Mammalian and Algal Prostaglandin Biosynthesis
-
Arachidonic-acid-derived prostaglandins (PGs), specifically PGE2, play a central role in inflammation and numerous immunological reactions. The enzymes of PGE2 biosynthesis are important pharmacological targets for anti-inflammatory drugs. Besides mammals, certain edible marine algae possess a comprehensive repertoire of bioactive arachidonic-acid-derived oxylipins including PGs that may account for food poisoning. Described here is the analysis of PGE2 biosynthesis in the red macroalga Gracilaria vermiculophylla that led to the identification of 15-hydroperoxy-PGE2, a novel precursor of PGE2 and 15-keto-PGE2. Interestingly, this novel precursor is also produced in human macrophages where it represents a key metabolite in an alternative biosynthetic PGE2 pathway in addition to the well-established arachidonic acid-PGG2-PGH2-PGE2 route. This alternative pathway of mammalian PGE2 biosynthesis may open novel opportunities to intervene with inflammation-related diseases.
- Jagusch, Hans,Werner, Markus,Werz, Oliver,Pohnert, Georg
-
supporting information
p. 17641 - 17645
(2019/11/13)
-
- METHOD OF MAKING A CROSS METATHESIS PRODUCT
-
Method of making a cross metathesis product, the method comprising at least step (X) or step (Y): (X) reacting in a cross metathesis reaction a first compound comprising a terminal olefinic group with a second compound comprising a terminal olefinic group, wherein the first and the second compound may be identical or may be different from one another; or (Y) reacting in a ring-closing metathesis reaction two terminal olefinic groups which are comprised in a third compound; wherein the reacting in step (X) or step (Y) is performed in the presence of a ruthenium carbene complex comprising a [Ru=C]-moiety and an internal olefin.
- -
-
Paragraph 00122; 00123; 00124; 00125
(2019/02/06)
-
- In Situ Methylene Capping: A General Strategy for Efficient Stereoretentive Catalytic Olefin Metathesis. the Concept, Methodological Implications, and Applications to Synthesis of Biologically Active Compounds
-
In situ methylene capping is introduced as a practical and broadly applicable strategy that can expand the scope of catalyst-controlled stereoselective olefin metathesis considerably. By incorporation of commercially available Z-butene together with robust and readily accessible Ru-based dithiolate catalysts developed in these laboratories, a large variety of transformations can be made to proceed with terminal alkenes, without the need for a priori synthesis of a stereochemically defined disubstituted olefin. Reactions thus proceed with significantly higher efficiency and Z selectivity as compared to when other Ru-, Mo-, or W-based complexes are utilized. Cross-metathesis with olefins that contain a carboxylic acid, an aldehyde, an allylic alcohol, an aryl olefin, an α substituent, or amino acid residues was carried out to generate the desired products in 47-88% yield and 90:10 to >98:2 Z:E selectivity. Transformations were equally efficient and stereoselective with a ～70:30 Z-:E-butene mixture, which is a byproduct of crude oil cracking. The in situ methylene capping strategy was used with the same Ru catechothiolate complex (no catalyst modification necessary) to perform ring-closing metathesis reactions, generating 14- to 21-membered ring macrocyclic alkenes in 40-70% yield and 96:4-98:2 Z:E selectivity; here too, reactions were more efficient and Z-selective than when the other catalyst classes are employed. The utility of the approach is highlighted by applications to efficient and stereoselective syntheses of several biologically active molecules. This includes a platelet aggregate inhibitor and two members of the prostaglandin family of compounds by catalytic cross-metathesis reactions, and a strained 14-membered ring stapled peptide by means of macrocyclic ring-closing metathesis. The approach presented herein is likely to have a notable effect on broadening the scope of olefin metathesis, as the stability of methylidene complexes is a generally debilitating issue with all types of catalyst systems. Illustrative examples of kinetically controlled E-selective cross-metathesis and macrocyclic ring-closing reactions, where E-butene serves as the methylene capping agent, are provided.
- Xu, Chaofan,Shen, Xiao,Hoveyda, Amir H.
-
p. 10919 - 10928
(2017/08/15)
-
- Identification of novel oxidized levuglandin D2in marine red alga and mouse tissue
-
In animals, the product of cyclooxygenase reacting with arachidonic acid, prostaglandin(PG)H2, can undergo spontaneous rearrangement and nonenzymatic ring cleavage to form levuglandin(LG)E2 and LGD 2. These LGs and their isomers are highly reactive γ-ketoaldehydes that form covalent adducts with proteins, DNA, and phosphatidylethanolamine in cells. Here, we isolated a novel oxidized LGD 2 (ox-LGD2) from the red alga Gracilaria edulis and determined its planar structure. Additionally, ox-LGD2 was identified in some tissues of mice and in the lysate of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-treated THP-1 cells incubated with arachidonic acid using LC-MS/MS. These results suggest that ox-LGD2 is a common oxidized metabolite of LGD2. In the planar structure of ox-LGD2, H8 and H12 of LGD2 were dehydrogenated and the C9 aldehyde was oxidized to a carboxylic acid, which formed a lactone ring with the hydrated ketone at C11. These structural differences imply that ox-LGD2 is less reactive with amines than LGs. Therefore, ox-LGD2 might be considered a detoxification metabolite of LGD2. Copyright
- Kanai, Yoshikazu,Hiroki, Sadahiko,Koshino, Hiroyuki,Konoki, Keiichi,Cho, Yuko,Cayme, Mirriam,Fukuyo, Yasuo,Yotsu-Yamashita, Mari
-
scheme or table
p. 2245 - 2254
(2012/03/07)
-
- Improved synthesis of (E)-12-nitrooctadec-12-enoic acid, a potent PPARγ activator. development of a "buffer-Free" enzymatic method for hydrolysis of methyl esters
-
Endogenous nitro-fatty acids, acting as partial agonist of PPARγ, are able to lower the insulin and glucose levels without the side effects associated with common antidiabetic drugs. (E)-12-Nitrooctadec-12-enoic acid, a potent activator of this peroxisome receptor, was synthesized in a very efficient sequence via a Henry-retro-Claisen ring fragmentation, followed by a novel enzymatic cleavage of methyl esters. The latter method was then applied in the last step of the synthesis of a few labile natural products, such as prostaglandins, isoprostanes, and phytoprostanes.
- Zanoni, Giuseppe,Valli, Matteo,Bendjeddou, Lyamin,Porta, Alessio,Bruno, Paolo,Vidari, Giovanni
-
supporting information; experimental part
p. 8311 - 8314
(2011/02/28)
-
- Compositions comprising curcuminoids and either alpha or beta acids for use in the treatment of diabetes
-
The present invention relates to the use of a first component selected from an alpha acid and a beta acid in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of diabetes.
- -
-
-
- The Meyer-Schuster rearrangement: A new synthetic strategy leading to prostaglandins and their drug analogs, Bimatoprost and Latanoprost
-
Gold(I) mediated Meyer-Schuster rearrangement for the installation of the 'lower' side chain of prostaglandins and their analogs has been developed. This Au-mediated rearrangement, featuring a low catalyst loading and mild reaction conditions, has been demonstrated to be an efficient alternative to the standard Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction in prostaglandin chemistry. Moreover, the present results provide a new synthetic process leading to pharmacologically active prostanoids: Latanoprost and Bimatoprost, that continue to hold key positions in the anti-glaucoma drug market.
- Zanoni, Giuseppe,D'Alfonso, Alessandro,Porta, Alessio,Feliciani, Lazzaro,Nolan, Steven P.,Vidari, Giovanni
-
experimental part
p. 7472 - 7478
(2010/12/25)
-
- Compositions Exhibiting Inhibition Of Cyclooxygenase-2
-
The invention provides a method of treating diabetes by administering to an individual having diabetes a composition containing a hops extract. In a particular embodiment, an individual having diabetes can be administered a composition comprising a first component selected from the group consisting of alpha acids and beta acids, essential oils, fats and waxed, with the proviso that the first component and second component are not the same compound. The invention additional provides a method of treating diabetes by administering to an individual having diabetes a composition comprising a first component selected from a curcuminoid and a second component selected from an alpha acid and a beta acid.
- -
-
-
- Preparation of ent-prostaglandin E2
-
The enantiomeric prostaglandins, exemplified by ent-PGE2, are apparently produced in vivo by the nonenzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid. To assess the physiological activity of ent-PGE2, it was necessary to prepare it by total sy
- Taber, Douglass F,Jiang, Qin
-
p. 5991 - 5994
(2007/10/03)
-
- Studies on the Properties of Prostaglandin Synthetase of Caprine Seminal Vesicles
-
The prostaglandin (PG) synthetase complex in the microsomal fraction of caprine (goat) seminal vesicles was found to have the highest PGE2 synthetase activity in comparison to that in similar other animal sources. The results of the investigations on the kinetics of PGE2 synthesis, factors influencing product formation, cofactor requirement and stability of the enzyme system show that the PG-synthetase complex from goat vesicular gland was very unstable, and its properties were generally comparable to that from the highly active ovine seminal vesicular multienzyme complex.
- Das, Mallika,Ghosh, Dolly
-
p. 319 - 322
(2007/10/03)
-
- Method alleviating migraine headache with mast cell degranulation blocking agents
-
A method of preventing or alleviating a migraine headache which comprises administering a pharmaceutically effective amount of a mast cell degranulation blocking agent just prior to or during the prodromal phase of the migraine in the absence of an analgesic. The agent can also be administered in combination with a central nervous system stimulant.
- -
-
-
- Prodrug derivatives of carboxylic acid drugs
-
Novel ester derivatives of carboxylic acid medicaments of formula (I), wherein R--COO--represents the acyloxy residue of a carboxylic acid drug or medicament, n is an integrer from 1 to 3, and R1 and R2 are the same or different and are selected from a group consisting of an alkyl, an alkenyl, an aryl, an aralkyl, a cycloalkyl and which group may be unsubstituted or substituted, or R1 and R2 together with the N forms a 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocyclic ring, which in addition to the nitrogen atom may contain one or two further heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur and which heterocyclic group may be substituted. These compounds are highly biolabile prodrug forms of the corresponding carboxylic acid compounds and are highly susceptible to undergoing enzymatic hydrolysis in vivo whereas they are highly stable in aqueous solution. The novel derivatives are less irritating to mucosa than the parent carboxylic acids and may provide an improved bio-availability of the drugs.
- -
-
-
- A Triply Convergent Total Synthesis of L-(-)-Prostaglandin E2
-
This paper details a versatile and efficient total synthesis of l-(-)-PGE2 (3).The key step is a triply convergent conjugate-addition/alkylation reaction involving the 1,4-addition of chiral vinyllithium reagent 7b to chiral vinyl sulfone D-47 to afford sulfone-stabilized anion , which is subsequently alkylated to produce the basic prostaglandin E2 skeleton 70.The synthesis of chiral vinyl sulfone D-47 involves a five step sequence with an enantioconvergent resolution process as one step and produces vinyl sulfone D-47 from readily available sulfide alcohol DL-11 in an overall yield of 36percent.The preparation of D-47 features two steps that utilize stereospecific SN2'reactions.The synthesis of l-(-)-PGE2 (3) involves a seven-step sequence from vinyl sulfone D-47 using mild conditions with an overall yield of 40percent and features an efficient peracetic acid oxidation of secondary amino acid 120 to oximino acid 121, which is, in turn, desulfonylated by 1,4-elimination of phenylsulfinic acid to generate a vinyl nitroso species that undergoes stereospecific 1,4-reduction by sodium borohydride to yield oxime 131.The hydrolysis of oxime 131 to l-(-)-PGE2 (3) using boron trifluoride and paraformaldehyde is the first reported high-yield method (84percent).This gives an overall yield for the synthesis of l-(-)-PGE2 (3) from racemic sulfide alcohol DL-11 of 14.5percent, including the resolution process.
- Donaldson, R. E.,Saddler, J. C.,Byrn, S.,McKenzie, A. T.,Fuchs, P. L.
-
p. 2167 - 2188
(2007/10/02)
-
- Enantio-complementary Total Asymmetric Syntheses of Prostaglandin E2 and Prostaglandin F2α
-
The racemic ketone (6) was converted into the diastereoisomeric alcohols (7) and (8) using actively fermenting yeast.These alcohols were separated and converted into the bromohydrins (-)-(9) and (+)-(9).The bromohydrin (-)-(9) was converted into prostaglandin E2 (1) and prostaglandin F2α (2) by reaction of the chiral cuprate reagent (15) with the tricyclic ketone (10), while the bromohydrin (+)-(9) was converted into the prostaglandins by reaction of the epoxyacetal (11) with the same cuprate reagent (15).
- Davies, John,Roberts, Stanley M.,Reynolds, Derek P.,Newton, Roger F.
-
p. 1317 - 1320
(2007/10/02)
-
- Effect of 4'-chloro-5-methoxy-3-biphenylacetic acid (DKA-9) on prostaglandin synthetase
-
4'-Chloro-5-methoxy-3-biphenylylacetic acid (DKA-9) was evaluated for its ability to inhibit the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandin E2 and the oxygen uptake on arachidonic-acid sheep seminal vesicle microsomes. DKA-9 inhibited equally the formation of prostaglandin E2 and oxygen uptake at 20 μmol/l or more in a concentration-dependent manner, which suggests a blockade of prostaglandin endoperoxide formation, DKA-9 did not promote time-dependent inactivation of the enzyme and inhibited the enzyme competitively with respect to substrate. Thus, it behaved as a reversible and competitive inhibitor.
- Shibata
-
p. 1074 - 1076
(2007/10/02)
-
- Racemic fluoro-substituted PGF2 α analogs
-
This invention is racemic PGE2, racemic PGF2α, racemic PGF2β, racemic PGA2, racemic PGB2, analogs of those, and processes for making them. These compounds are useful for a variety of pharmacological purposes, including anti-ulcer, inhibiton of platelet aggregation, increase of nasal patency, abortion, and wound healing.
- -
-
-
- Intermediates in the synthesis of prostaglandins
-
The invention relates to a new and novel synthesis of prostaglandin E2, and it particularly relates to a novel process starting with relatively inexpensive starting materials. The invention further relates to a synthesis which is readily adaptable for large scale processing because of the high yields in the individual reaction steps. The invention further relates to novel compounds formed as intermediates in the synthesis of prostaglandin E2. The invention still further relates to synthetic analogs and known metabolites of prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin E1, useful as standards in certain biological assays for determining prostaglandin-like activity.
- -
-
-
- Racemic prostaglandins of the 2-series and analogs thereof
-
This invention is racemic PGE2, racemic PGF2α, racemic PGF2β , racemic PGA2, racemic PGB2, analogs of those, and processes for making them. These compounds are useful for a variety of pharmacological purposes, including anti-ulcer, inhibition of platelet aggregation, increase of nasal patency, abortion, and wound healing.
- -
-
-
- Racemic prostaglandins of the 2-series and analogs thereof
-
This invention is racemic PGE2, racemic PGF2α, racemic PGF2β, racemic PGA2, racemic PGB2, analogs of those, and processes for making them. These compounds are useful for a variety of pharmacological purposes, including anti-ulcer, inhibition of platelet aggregation, increase of nasal patency, abortion, and wound healing.
- -
-
-
- Racemic prostaglandins of the 2-series and analogs thereof
-
This invention is racemic PGE 2, racemic PGF 2 α, racemic PGF 2 β, racemic PGA 2, racemic PGB 2, analogs of those, and processes for making them. These compounds are useful for a variety of pharmacological purposes, including anti-ulcer, inhibition of platelet aggregation, increase of nasal patency, abortion, and wound healing.
- -
-
-
- Enzymatic preparation and purification of prostaglandin E2.
-
An enzymatic system has been developed for the production of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) from arachidonic acid by extracts of sheep seminal vesicular glands. The presence of glutathione insures high yields. A new procedure for the purification of PGE(2) was also developed, based on the dialysis of the biosynthesized product at pH 8 and extraction of the dialysate at pH 3 with chloroform. This procedure routinely gives yields of PGE(2) of 25-37% (from arachidonic acid) with a purity of 90-100%. Additional analytical proof of the identity of PGE(2) was provided by physicochemical characteristics of the crystalline thiosemicarbazide derivative, which can be readily prepared under mild conditions.
- Lapidus,Grant,Alburn
-
p. 371 - 373
(2007/10/16)
-
