- Direct cupration of fluoroform
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We have found the first reaction of direct cupration of fluoroform, the most attractive CF3 source for the introduction of the trifluoromethyl group into organic molecules. Treatment of CuX (X = Cl, Br, I) with 2 equiv of MOR (M = K, Na) in DMF or NMP produces novel alkoxycuprates that readily react with CF3H at room temperature and atmospheric pressure to give CuCF3 derivatives. The CuCl and t-BuOK (1:2) combination provides best results, furnishing the CuCF3 product within seconds in nearly quantitative yield. As demonstrated, neither CF3- nor CF2 mediate the Cu-CF3 bond formation, which accounts for its remarkably high selectivity. The fluoroform-derived CuCF3 solutions can be efficiently stabilized with TREAT HF to produce CuCF 3 reagents that readily trifluoromethylate organic and inorganic electrophiles in the absence of additional ligands such as phenanthroline. A series of novel Cu(I) complexes have been structurally characterized, including K(DMF)[Cu(OBu-t)2] (1), Na(DMF)2[Cu(OBu-t)2] (2), [K8Cu6(OBu-t)12(DMF)8(I)] + I- (3), and [Cu4(CF3) 2(C(OBu-t)2)2(μ3-OBu-t) 2] (7).
- Zanardi, Alessandro,Novikov, Maxim A.,Martin, Eddy,Benet-Buchholz, Jordi,Grushin, Vladimir V.
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Read Online
- A CONVENIENT TRIFLUOROMETHYLATION OF AROMATIC HALIDES WITH SODIUM TRIFLUOROACETATE
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Regiospecific trifluoromethylation by substitution of the halogen in aromatic halides was achieved by the use of sodium trifluoroacetate and copper(I) iodide.The reaction proceeded smoothly in dipolar aprotic solvents in good to high yields.
- Matsui, Kiyohide,Tobita, Etsuko,Ando, Midori,Kondo, Kiyosi
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Read Online
- Mechanistic Insight into Copper-Mediated Trifluoromethylation of Aryl Halides: The Role of CuI
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The synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of key intermediates [Cu(CF3)(X)]-Q+ (X = CF3 or I, Q = PPh4) in copper-mediated trifluoromethylation of aryl halides were studied. Qualitative and quantitative studies showed [Cu(CF3)2]-Q+ and [Cu(CF3)(I)]-Q+ were not highly reactive. Instead, a much more reactive species, ligandless [CuCF3] or DMF-ligated species [(DMF)CuCF3], was generated in the presence of excess CuI. On the basis of these results, a general mechanistic map for CuI-promoted trifluoromethylation of aryl halides was proposed. Furthermore, on the basis of this mechanistic understanding, a HOAc-promoted protocol for trifluoromethylation of aryl halides with [Ph4P]+[Cu(CF3)2]- was developed.
- Jin, Yuxuan,Leng, Xuebing,Liu, He,Shen, Qilong,Wu, Jian
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p. 14367 - 14378
(2021/09/13)
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- Discovery and characterization of a novel perylenephotoreductant for the activation of aryl halides
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To develop a photocatalyst with catalytical activity for substrates with low reactivities is always highly desired. Herein, based on the principle of structure–property relationships, we rationally designed the natural product cercosporin, the naturally occurring perylenequinonoid pigment, to develop a novel organic perylenephotoreductant, hexacetyl reduced cercosporin (HARCP), through structural manipulation. Compared with cercosporin, HARCP shows prominent electrochemical and photophysical characteristics with greatly improved photoreductive activity, fluorescence lifetime and fluorescence quantum yield. These properties allowed HARCP as a powerful photoreductant to efficiently realize a series of benchmark reactions, including photoreduction, alkoxylation and hydroxylation to construct C–H and C–O bonds using aryl halides as substrates under mild conditions, all of which have never been achieved by the same photocatalyst. Thus, this study well supports the notion that the principle between structural manipulation and photocatalytic activity is of great significance to design customized photocatalysts for photoredox chemistry.
- Guo, Baodang,Huang, Shuping,Li, Jia,Li, Min,Liu, Xuanzhong,Rao, Yijian,Wu, Yawen,Yin, Huimin,Yuan, Zhenbo,Zhang, Yan
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p. 111 - 120
(2021/06/16)
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- Catalytic trifluoromethylation of iodoarenes by use of 2-trifluoromethylated benzimidazoline as trifluoromethylating reagent
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The trifluoromethylation of iodoarenes was accomplished by use of a 2-trifluoromethylbenzimidazoline derivative as the trifluoromethylating reagent and a catalytic amount of Cu(I) in the presence of 2,2'-bipyridyl as the ligand. Through a mechanistic study, we found that the oxidative addition of the iodoarene to the Cu(I)–CF3 species is the rate-determining step.
- Akiyama, Takahiko,Ishikawa, Taisuke,Kamiyama, Nanami,Uchikura, Tatsuhiro
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supporting information
p. 2442 - 2447
(2020/11/07)
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- Ligand-free trifluoromethylation of iodoarenes by use of 2-Aryl-2-trifluoromethylbenzimidazoline as new trifluoromethylating reagent
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N-Methyl 2-aryl-2-trifluoromethylbenzimidazolines were synthesized and utilized in the trifluoromethylation reaction of iodoarenes in the presence of copper(I) salt and base. Iodoarenes bearing electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups were tolerant to this reaction in the absence of a ligand and gave trifluorotoluene derivatives in good to high yields.
- Miyagawa, Masamichi,Ishikawa, Taisuke,Shinkai, Kota,Akiyama, Takahiko
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supporting information
p. 29 - 31
(2019/01/04)
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- Silica-supported silver nanoparticles as an efficient catalyst for aromatic C-H alkylation and fluoroalkylation
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The efficient catalysis of oxidative alkylation and fluoroalkylation of aromatic C-H bonds is of paramount importance in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries, and requires the development of convenient Ag0-based nano-architectures with high catalytic activity and recyclability. We prepared Ag-doped silica nanoparticles (Ag0/+@SiO2) with a specific nano-architecture, where ultra-small sized silver cores are immersed in silica spheres, 40 nm in size. The nano-architecture provides an efficient electrochemical oxidation of Ag+@SiO2 without any external oxidant. In turn, Ag+@SiO2 5 mol% results in 100% conversion of arenes into their alkylated and fluoroalkylated derivatives in a single step at room temperature under nanoheterogeneous electrochemical conditions. Negligible oxidative leaching of silver from Ag0/+@SiO2 is recorded during the catalytic coupling of arenes with acetic, difluoroacetic and trifluoroacetic acids, which enables the good recyclability of the catalytic function of the Ag0/+@SiO2 nanostructure. The catalyst can be easily separated from the reaction mixture and reused a minimum of five times upon electrochemical regeneration. The use of the developed Ag0@SiO2 nano-architecture as a heterogeneous catalyst facilitates aromatic C-H bond substitution by alkyl and fluoroalkyl groups, which are privileged structural motifs in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
- Khrizanforov, Mikhail N.,Fedorenko, Svetlana V.,Mustafina, Asiya R.,Kholin, Kirill V.,Nizameev, Irek R.,Strekalova, Sofia O.,Grinenko, Valeriya V.,Gryaznova, Tatiana V.,Zairov, Rustem R.,Mazzaro, Raffaello,Morandi, Vittorio,Vomiero, Alberto,Budnikova, Yulia H.
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supporting information
p. 9608 - 9616
(2018/08/06)
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- Trifluoromethylation process for bromo-pyridine and derivatives thereof
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The invention belongs to the field of organic chemistry and relates to a trifluoromethylation process for bromo-pyridine and derivatives thereof. The process disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps: by taking a bromo-pyridine compound with a formula a structure as a raw material, performing trifluoromethylation under the action of a Maben reagent fluoro-S-( trifluoromethyl)-dibenzothiophene salt having a formula c structure, thereby obtaining the tirfluoromethylpyridine compound with a formula b structure. The structural formula is as shown in the specification. In the formula, X- is Bronst conjugate base, R is H or -CN or halogen or C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 alkoxy or -OH or -R1OH or COR2 or -CO2R3 or -CONR4 or -NR5R6; R1 is C1-C6 akyl; R2, R3 and R4 are identically or differently H or C1-C6 alkyl; and the R5 and R6 are identically or differently H or O or C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 alkoxy.
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Paragraph 0060-0062
(2018/07/30)
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- C?H Bond Trifluoromethylation of Arenes Enabled by a Robust, High-Valent Nickel(IV) Complex
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The robust, high-valent NiIV complex [(Py)2NiIVF2(CF3)2] (Py=pyridine) was synthesized and fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and elemental analysis. It reacts with aromatic compounds at 25 °C to form the corresponding benzotrifluorides in nearly quantitative yield. The monomeric and dimeric NiIIICF3 complexes 2?Py and 2 were identified as key intermediates, and their structures were unambiguously determined by EPR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Preliminary kinetic studies in combination with the isolation of reaction intermediates confirmed that the C?H bond-breaking/C?CF3 bond-forming sequence can occur both at NiIVCF3 and NiIIICF3 centers.
- D'Accriscio, Florian,Borja, Pilar,Saffon-Merceron, Nathalie,Fustier-Boutignon, Marie,Mézailles, Nicolas,Nebra, Noel
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supporting information
p. 12898 - 12902
(2017/09/13)
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- Powerful, Thermally Stable, One-Pot-Preparable, and Recyclable Electrophilic Trifluoromethylating Agents: 2,8-Difluoro- and 2,3,7,8-Tetrafluoro-S-(trifluoromethyl)dibenzothiophenium Salts
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Although many electrophilic trifluoromethylating agents have been reported to date, practically useful reagents have yet to be developed. S-(Trifluoromethyl)dibenzothiophenium salts, known as Umemoto's reagents, have two significant drawbacks that have ha
- Umemoto, Teruo,Zhang, Bin,Zhu, Tianhao,Zhou, Xiaocong,Zhang, Peng,Hu, Song,Li, Yuanqiang
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p. 7708 - 7719
(2017/08/14)
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- Ni/Ir-Catalyzed Photoredox Decarboxylative Coupling of S-Substituted Thiolactic Acids with Heteroaryl Bromides: Short Synthesis of Sulfoxaflor and Its SF5 Analog
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Metallaphotoredox cross-coupling reactions have recently emerged as a powerful tool for the construction of C(sp2)?C(sp3) bonds between alkyl chains and aromatic systems, including electron-deficient heteroaryls, which are known to be challenging coupling partners. In this article, we disclose the Ni/Ir-catalyzed photoredox decarboxylative coupling of readily available S-substituted thiolactic acids with electron-deficient heteroaryl bromides, which resulted in the formation of simple but otherwise not easily accessible heteroarenes with alkylsulfide side chains. To demonstrate a practical use of this coupling reaction, we have shown its efficiency in the one-step synthesis of a key intermediate in the synthesis of the recently marketed insecticide Sulfoxaflor, and for the short synthesis of SF5-Sulfoxaflor.
- Kanishchev, Oleksandr S.,Dolbier, William R.
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supporting information
p. 7677 - 7681
(2017/06/06)
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- Trifluoromethylation of (hetero)aryl iodides and bromides with copper(i) chlorodifluoroacetate complexes
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A new copper-mediated trifluoromethylation reaction using copper(i) chlorodifluoroacetate complexes as reagents is reported. The complex [L2Cu][O2CCF2Cl] (L = bpy, dmbpy, phen) reacted with (hetero)aryl iodides and bromides in the presence of CsF in DMF at 75 °C to afford the trifluoromethylarenes in good to excellent yields. High compatibility with various chemical functions or (hetero)cycles was also observed in the reaction. A reaction mechanism involving a difluorocarbene intermediate, along with a subsequent formation of a -CF3 anion was proposed.
- Lin, Xiaoxi,Li, Zhengyu,Han, Xiaoyan,Weng, Zhiqiang
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p. 75465 - 75469
(2016/08/24)
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- Cyclic-Protected Hexafluoroacetone as an Air-Stable Liquid Reagent for Trifluoromethylations
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An air-stable liquid trifluoromethylating reagent is readily synthesized from gaseous hexafluoroacetone and 2-methylproline on a gram scale. The reaction of the trifluoromethylating reagent with tert-butoxy cuprate K[Cu(OtBu)2] leads to the CuCF3in high yield. This species is directly formed from the tetrahedral cuprate intermediate through intramolecular migration of the trifluoromethyl group to copper. The CuCF3reagent prepared in situ by our method can be used for the trifluoromethylation of aryl iodides, arylboronic acids, and terminal alkynes in good to excellent yields, even on a gram scale. Furthermore, the CuC2F5reagent can be prepared in the same way, and this can be used in the pentafluoroethylation of arylboronic acids or aryl bromides in good to excellent yields.
- Negishi, Kazuyuki,Aikawa, Kohsuke,Mikami, Koichi
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p. 4099 - 4104
(2016/08/24)
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- Trifluoromethylation of haloarenes with a new trifluoro-methylating reagent Cu(O2CCF2SO2F)2
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A new trifluoromethylating reagent Cu(O2CCF2SO2F)2, which easily decomposes to generate active CuCF3 species in DMF at room temperature, has been conveniently prepared from inexpensive starting materials on a large scale. This new reagent can be applied to efficiently trifluoromethylate a variety of haloarenes under mild conditions, providing good-to-excellent yields of the desired products.
- Zhao, Gang,Wu, Hao,Xiao, Zhiwei,Chen, Qing-Yun,Liu, Chao
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p. 50250 - 50254
(2016/06/15)
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- Stable but reactive perfluoroalkylzinc reagents: Application in ligand-free copper-catalyzed perfluoroalkylation of aryl iodides
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The aromatic perfluoroalkylation catalyzed by a copper(I) salt with bis(perfluoroalkyl)zinc reagents Zn(RF)2(DMPU)2, which were prepared and then isolated as a stable white powder from perfluoroalkyl iodide and diethylzinc, was accomplished to provide the perfluoroalkylated products in good-to-excellent yields. The advantages of this reliable and practical catalytic reaction are 1) airstable and easy-to-handle bis(perfluoroalkyl)zinc reagents can be utilized, 2) the reagent is reactive and hence the operation without activators and ligands is simple, and 3) not only trifluoromethylation but also perfluoroalkylation can be attained.
- Aikawa, Kohsuke,Nakamura, Yuzo,Yokota, Yuki,Toya, Wataru,Mikami, Koichi
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supporting information
p. 96 - 100
(2015/02/05)
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- Copper-mediated trifluoromethylation using phenyl trifluoromethyl sulfoxide
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A new method for the generation of trifluoromethylcopper ( CuCF3 ) species from readily available phenyl trifluoromethyl sulfoxide has been developed. The CuCF3 reagent can be applied in efficient trifluoromethylations of aryl iodides and activated aryl bromides in the absence of additional ligands. Furthermore, the CuCF3 species can also undergo oxidative cross-coupling with terminal alkynes and arylboronic acids.
- Li, Xinjin,Zhao, Jingwei,Zhang, Liang,Hu, Mingyou,Wang, Limin,Hu, Jinbo
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supporting information
p. 298 - 301
(2015/03/04)
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- BIS(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)ZINC DMPU COMPLEX, MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF AND MANUFACTURING METHOD OF TRIFLUOROMETHYL GROUP-CONTAINING COMPOUND USING THE SAME
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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a bis(trifluoromethyl)zinc DMPU complex stable under room temperature and useful as a reaction reagent, a manufacturing method thereof and a manufacturing method of a trifluoromethyl group-containing compound using the same. SOLUTION: A method of obtaining a trifluoromethyl group-containing compound by reacting with a substituted aromatic iodide under a copper (I) catalyst after obtaining a bis(fluoromethyl)zinc DMPU complex represented by the formula (1) (CF3)2Zn (DMPU)2 (1), where DMPU represents N,N'-dimethyl propylene urea, by reacting dialkyl zinc, trifluoromethyl halide and N,N'-dimethyl propylene urea in an organic solvent, then filtration or solvent leaving removal of precipitate. COPYRIGHT: (C)2015,JPOandINPIT
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Paragraph 0027-0029
(2018/11/22)
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- Aryldiazonium Tetrafluoroborate Salts as Green and Efficient Coupling Partners for the Suzuki-Miyaura Reaction: From Optimisation to Mole Scale
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The use of aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborate salts as coupling partners in the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction was investigated from a process chemistry perspective including safety evaluation, solvent and catalyst screening and multivariate factor optimisation. Optimised conditions were applied to a range of substrates to evaluate the scope and limitations of the reaction, and one example was carried out on mole scale to demonstrate the practicality and scalability of the process.
- Colleville, Aymeric P.,Horan, Richard A. J.,Tomkinson, Nicholas C. O.
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supporting information
p. 1128 - 1136
(2015/04/22)
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- Copper-mediated perfluoroalkylation of heteroaryl bromides with (phen)CuRF
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The attachment of perfluoroalkyl groups onto organic compounds has been a major synthetic goal over the past several decades. Previously, our group reported phenanthroline-ligated perfluoroalkyl copper reagents, (phen)CuR F, which react with aryl iodides and aryl boronates to form the corresponding benzotrifluorides. Herein the perfluoroalkylation of a series of heteroaryl bromides with (phen)CuCF3 and (phen)CuCF 2CF3 is reported. The mild reaction conditions allow the process to tolerate many common functional groups. Perfluoroethylation with (phen)CuCF2CF3 occurs in somewhat higher yields than trifluoromethylation with (phen)CuCF3, creating a method to generate fluoroalkyl heteroarenes that are less accessible from trifluoroacetic acid derivatives.
- Mormino, Michael G.,Fier, Patrick S.,Hartwig, John F.
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p. 1744 - 1747
(2014/04/17)
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- DIRECT TRIFLUOROMETHYLATIONS USING TRIFLUOROMETHANE
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A direct trifluoromethylation method preferably using a trifluoromethane as a fluoro-methylating species. In particular, the present method is used for preparing a trifluoromethylated substrate by reacting a fluoromethylatable substrate with a trifiuoromethylating agent in the presence of an alkoxide or metal salt of silazane under conditions sufficient to trifluoromethylate the substrate; wherein the fluoromethylatable substrate includes chlorosilanes, carbonyl compounds such as esters, aryl halides, aldehydes, ketones, chalcones, alkyl formates, alkyl halides, aryl halides, alkyl borates, carbon dioxide or sulfur.
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Paragraph 0049
(2014/03/25)
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- Cu-catalyzed trifluoromethylation of aryl iodides with trifluoromethylzinc reagent prepared in situ from trifluoromethyl iodide
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The trifluoromethylation of aryl iodides catalyzed by copper(I) salt with trifluoromethylzinc reagent prepared in situ from trifluoromethyl iodide and Zn dust was accomplished. The catalytic reactions proceeded under mild reaction conditions, providing th
- Nakamura, Yuzo,Fujiu, Motohiro,Murase, Tatsuya,Itoh, Yoshimitsu,Serizawa, Hiroki,Aikawa, Kohsuke,Mikami, Koichi
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p. 2404 - 2409
(2014/01/06)
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- Trifluoromethylation of aryl and heteroaryl halides with fluoroform-derived CuCF3: Scope, limitations, and mechanistic features
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Fluoroform-derived CuCF3 recently discovered in our group exhibits remarkably high reactivity toward aryl and heteroaryl halides, performing best in the absence of extra ligands. A broad variety of iodoarenes undergo smooth trifluoromethylation with the ligandless CuCF3 at 23-50 C to give the corresponding benzotrifluorides in nearly quantitative yield. A number of much less reactive aromatic bromides also have been trifluoromethylated, including pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, and thiazole derivatives as well as aryl bromides bearing electron-withdrawing groups and/or ortho substituents. Only the most electrophilic chloroarenes can be trifluoromethylated, e.g., 2-chloronicotinic acid. Exceptionally high chemoselectivity of the reactions (no side-formation of arenes, biaryls, and C2F5 derivatives) has allowed for the isolation of a large number of trifluoromethylated products in high yield on a gram scale (up to 20 mmol). The CuCF3 reagent is destabilized by CuX coproduced in the reaction, the magnitude of the effect paralleling the Lewis acidity of CuX: CuCl > CuBr > CuI. While SNAr and SRN1 mechanisms are not operational, there is a well-pronounced ortho effect, i.e., the enhanced reactivity of ortho-substituted aryl halides 2-RC6H4X toward CuCF3. Intriguingly, this ortho-effect is observed for R = NO2, COOH, CHO, COOEt, COCH3, OCH3, and even CH3, but not for R = CN. The fluoroform-derived CuCF3 reagent and its reactions with haloarenes provide an unmatched combination of reactivity, selectivity, and low cost.
- Lishchynskyi, Anton,Novikov, Maxim A.,Martin, Eddy,Escudero-Adan, Eduardo C.,Novak, Petr,Grushin, Vladimir V.
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p. 11126 - 11146
(2013/12/04)
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- Me3SiCF3/AgF/Cu - A new reagents combination for selective trifluoromethylation of various organic halides by trifluoromethylcopper, CuCF3
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An alternative copper halide-free route to obtain highly reactive trifluoromethylcopper species has been developed via the reaction of silver fluoride and trimethyl(trifluoromethyl)silane followed by a redox transmetallation with elemental copper. The composition of the reactive intermediate was investigated by means of UV/Vis/NIR, ESR, 19F NMR spectroscopy and ESI mass spectrometry. "Trifluoromethylcopper" prepared by the oxidative transmetallation route exhibits excellent reactivity and selectivity in substitutions of iodine or bromine bond to aromatic or heterocyclic compounds for trifluoromethyl groups without any additional catalyst.
- Kremlev, Mikhail M.,Mushta, Aleksej I.,Tyrra, Wieland,Yagupolskii, Yurii L.,Naumann, Dieter,M?ller, Angela
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experimental part
p. 67 - 71
(2012/03/10)
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- Copper-catalysed process for the production of substituted or unsubstituted trifluormethylated aryl and heteroaryl compounds
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The present invention relates to a process for the production of triffluoromethylated unsubstituted or substituted aryl or heteroaryl compounds which comprises reacting an unsubstituted or substituted aryl or heteroaryl halide with a trifluoroacetate of formula (I) or (II), wherein R1 is hydrogen or a C1-C5 alkyl group and M an alkali metal or an ammonium ion, in the presence of a copper salt as catalyst and an anorganic halogenide salt or a trifluoroacetacid salt as activator compound.
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Page/Page column 5; 9
(2012/05/20)
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- Simple, stable, and easily accessible well-defined CuCF3 aromatic trifluoromethylating agents
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Give me an F: Exceptionally easy to make in over 90 yield (see scheme) and air-stable in the solid state, [(Ph3P)3Cu(CF3)] is a remarkable example of a rarely encountered well-defined Cu(I) trifluoromethylating agent and a convenient starting material for the synthesis of other CuCF3 complexes, such as [(phen)Cu(PPh3)(CF 3)]. Copyright
- Tomashenko, Olesya A.,Escudero-Adan, Eduardo C.,Martinez Belmonte, Marta,Grushin, Vladimir V.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 7655 - 7659
(2011/10/02)
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- Electrophilic trifluoromethylation of arenes and N-heteroarenes using hypervalent iodine reagents
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The reaction of hypervalent iodine trifluoromethylating reagents with a variety of arenes and N-heteroarenes gives access to the corresponding trifluoromethylated compounds. In comparative studies, 1-trifluoromethyl-1,3- dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-1,2-benziodoxole (2) proved to be the superior to 1-trifluoromethyl-1,2-benziodoxol-3-(1H)-one (1) for the direct aromatic trifluoromethylation. Depending on the individual substrates, additives such as zinc bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide or tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl chloride proved helpful in promoting the reactions. In the case of nitrogen heterocycles a pronounced tendency for the incorporation of the trifluoromethyl group at the position adjacent to nitrogen was observed.
- Wiehn, Matthias S.,Vinogradova, Ekaterina V.,Togni, Antonio
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experimental part
p. 951 - 957
(2010/10/02)
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- The solid complex Zn(CF3)Br·2DMF as an alternative reagent for the preparation of both, trifluoromethyl and pentafluoroethyl copper, CuCF3 and CuC2F5
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Trifluoromethylcopper and pentafluoroethylcopper are prepared conveniently via the reaction of the solid complex Zn(CF3)Br·2DMF with copper(I) bromide in N,N-dimethylformamide. The reactions of both copper species with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene,
- Kremlev, Mikhail M.,Tyrra, Wieland,Mushta, Aleksej I.,Naumann, Dieter,Yagupolskii, Yurii L.
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scheme or table
p. 212 - 216
(2010/04/30)
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- Nucleophilic trifluoromethylation of aryl halides with methyl trifluoroacetate
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When associated with an alkaline halide, such as cesium fluoride or cesium chloride, and Cu(I) species, methyl trifluoroacetate (MTFA) constitutes a valuable trifluoromethylating agent for substituting aromatic (or heteroaromatic) iodides and bromides. The reaction can be carried out in DMF at 180 °C or, better, in sulfolane which allows he reaction to proceed at a lower temperature (from 140 °C).
- Langlois, Bernard R.,Roques, Nicolas
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p. 1318 - 1325
(2008/02/10)
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- Trifluoromethyl-substituted pyridines through displacement of iodine by in situ generated (trifluoromethyl)copper
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A literature method reported for iodobenzene and congeners was successfully extended to the pyridine series. 2-Iodopyridines can be converted into 2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridines almost quantitatively. In contrast, yields are moderate at best if 3- and 4-iodopyridines or 2-bromopyridines are used as the starting materials. WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH 2002.
- Cottet, Fabrice,Schlosser, Manfred
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p. 327 - 330
(2007/10/03)
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- Potassium 3-oxa-ω-fluorosulfonylperfluoropentanoate (FO2SCF2CF2OCF2CO2K), a low-temperature trifluoromethylating agent for organic halides; its α-carbon-oxygen bond fragmentation
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The trifluoromethylation of organic halides with FO2SCF2CF2OCF2CO2K (1) in DMF can be accomplished at 45 °C which is advantageous for thermally sensitive substrates. α-Carbon-oxygen bond fragmentation of 1 and the related β-carbon-oxygen bond scission are discussed.
- Long, Zheng-Yu,Duan, Jian-Xin,Lin, Yuan-Bin,Guo, Cai-Yun,Chen, Qing-Yun
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p. 177 - 181
(2007/10/03)
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- Methyl 3-Oxa-ω-fluorosulfonylperfluoropentanoate: a Versatile Trifluoromethylating Agent for Organic Halides
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Methyl 3-oxa-ω-fluorosulfonylperfluoropentanoate FSO2CF2CF2OCF2CO2Me 1, prepared through the reaction of readily available ICF2CF2OCF2CF2SO2F and SO3 followed by MeOH, is a very convenient trifluoromethylating agent; in the presence of copper(I) iodide, 1 not only reacts with vinyl, benzyl allyl, phenyl iodides and bromides, but also with aryl chlorides to give the corresponding trifluoromethyl compounds in moderate to high yield; a probable reaction mechanism is proposed.
- Chen, Qing-Yun,Duan, Jian-Xing
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p. 1389 - 1391
(2007/10/02)
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- S(RN)1 reactions of chlorotrifluoromethyl pyridines with naphtholate, phenolate and malonate anions
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2-Chloropyridines, bearing a CF3 group on position 3, 4, 5 or 6 (2-Cl Py CF3) were found to be suitable substrates for photostimulated S(RN)1 reactions with nucleophiles derived from 2-naphthol (Nap-OH) or from phenol (PhOH). Carbon-carbon coupling between the regiospecifically generated 2-pyridyl radical and the carbanionic site of the nucleophile yields 2-heterobiaryl derivatives (CF3Py-Nap-OH or CF3Py-PyOH). Similarly, coupling of the 2-amino-5-CF3-pyridyl) radical yields 3-heterobiaryl derivatives. Coupling of the malonate anion takes place with the aforementioned radicals.
- Beugelmans,Chastanet
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p. 7883 - 7890
(2007/10/02)
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- Design of thymidylate synthase inhibitors using protein crystal structures: The synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel class of 5- substituted quinazolinones
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The design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a new class of inhibitors of thymidylate synthase (TS) is described. The molecular design was carried out by a repetitive crystallographic analysis of protein-ligand structures. At the onset of this project, we focused on the folate cofactor binding site of a high-resolution ternary crystal complex of Escherichia coli TS, 5'-fluorodeoxyuridylate (5-FdUMP) and a classical glutamate-containing folic acid analog. A preliminary ternary crystal structure of a novel compound was successfully solved. Upon analysis of this initial complex, further structural elaborations were made, and a series of active 5- (arylthio)quinazolinones was developed. The synthetic strategy was based on the displacement of a halogen at the 5-position of a quinazolinone by various arylthioanions. The compounds were tested for inhibition of purified E. coli and/or human TS, and were assayed for cytotoxicity against three tumor cell lines in vitro. Significant thymidine protection effects were observed with several of the inhibitors, indicating that TS was the intracellular locus of activity.
- Webber,Bleckman,Attard,Deal,Kathardekar,Welsh,Webber,Janson,Matthews,Smith,Freer,Jordan,Bacquet,Howland,Booth,Ward,Hermann,White,Morse,et al.
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p. 733 - 746
(2007/10/02)
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- An Efficient Electrochemical Trifluoromethylation of Aromatic Halides with Bromotrifluoromethane and a Sacrificial Copper Anode
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The electrochemical cross-coupling of bromotrifluoromethane with aromatic or heteroaromatic iodides and bromides is successfully achieved in a one-compartment electrolysis cell fitted with a sacrificial copper anode.
- Paratian, J. M.,Sibille, S.,Perichon, J.
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- THE TRIFLUOROMETHYLATION OF CHLOROAROMATICS USING THE COPPER-CF2Br2-DIALKYLAMIDE REACTION SYSTEM
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The in situ generation of CuCF3 from the reaction of copper, dibromodifluoromethane and either N,N-dimethylformamide or N,N-dimethylacetamide (Burton's reagent) has been used for the direct substitution of chlorine by CF3 in a number of aromatic substrates.Particular attention has been paid to the effects of ring substituents on the efficiency of reaction.
- Clark, James H.,Denness, James E.,McClinton, Martin A.,Wynd, Andrew J.
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p. 411 - 426
(2007/10/02)
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- Reactions of Trifluoromethyl Bromide and Related Halides: Part 10. Perfluoroalkylation of Aromatic Compounds induced by Sulphur Dioxide Radical Anion Precursors
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Perfluoroalkylation of electron-rich aromatic compounds with trifluoromethyl bromide, or long-chain perfluoroalkyl iodides, was performed in the presence of sodium dithionite or zinc-sulphur dioxide.This alkylation occurred at the ortho and para positions relative to the amino or hydroxy substitutent.Pyrroles were perfluoroalkylated regioselectively at the 2-position.This alkylation was interpreted as a radical aromatic substitution; the formation of the perfluoroalkyl radical can be induced by a single-electron transfer from sulphur dioxide radical anion to the perfluoroalkyl halide.
- Tordeux, Marc,Langlois, Bernard,Wakselman, Claude
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p. 2293 - 2299
(2007/10/02)
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- The Direct Trifluoromethylation of Aryl Chlorides using Burton's Reagent
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The copper-dibromodifluoromethane-N,N-dimethylacetamide reaction system trifluoromethylates electronically activated aryl chlorides possessing ortho groups capable of interacting with the metal.
- Clark, James H.,McClinton, Martin A.,Blade, Robert J.
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p. 638 - 639
(2007/10/02)
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- Studies on Organic Fluorine Compounds. Part 27. Abnormal Reactions in the Trifluoromethylation of Aromatic Compounds with Trifluoromethyl Iodide and Copper Powder
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Reaction of 3-bromobenzofuran with trifluoromethyl iodide and copper powder in pyridine gave 2-(trifluoromethyl)-, 2- and 3-(pentafluoroethyl)-, and 2,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)-benzofuran, as well as the expected product, 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzofuran.Bromoanisole also gave (trifluoromethyl)anisole and (pentafluoroethyl)anisole, but introduction of the perfluoroalkyl group occurred at the position originally occupied by the bromine.Formation of pentafluoroethyl compounds is explained by decomposition of trifluoromethylcopper to cuprous fluoride and difluorocarbene, which can then react with a further molecule of trifluoromethylcopper to form pentafluoroethylcopper.This then reacts with aryl halide to give pentafluoroethyl compounds.Perfluoroalkylcopper is thermally cleaved to perfluoroalkyl radical, which then reacts with pyridine to give perfluoroalkylpyridines.This mechanism must be involved in the formation of 2,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzofuran.Introduction of a perfluoroalkyl group to the position originally unoccupied with halogen might be due to the rather localized double bond in benzofuran.
- Kobayashi, Yoshiro,Kumadaki, Itsumaro
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p. 661 - 664
(2007/10/02)
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