- Biocatalytic Access to Piperazines from Diamines and Dicarbonyls
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Given the widespread importance of piperazines as building blocks for the production of pharmaceuticals, an efficient and selective synthesis is highly desirable. Here we show the direct synthesis of piperazines from 1,2-dicarbonyl and 1,2-diamine substrates using the R-selective imine reductase from Myxococcus stipitatus as biocatalyst. Various N- and C-substituted piperazines with high activity and excellent enantioselectivity were obtained under mild reaction conditions reaching up to 8.1 g per liter.
- Borlinghaus, Niels,Gergel, Sebastian,Nestl, Bettina M.
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p. 3727 - 3732
(2018/04/14)
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- 6' SUBSTITUTED COMPOUNDS HAVING 5-HT6 RECEPTOR AFFINITY
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The present disclosure provides compounds having affinity for the 5-HT6 receptor which are of the formula (I): wherein R1—R4 A, B, D, E, and G are as defined herein. The disclosure also relates to methods of preparing such compounds, compositions containing such compounds, and methods of use thereof.
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Page/Page column 39; 40
(2008/12/08)
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- NOVEL COMPOUNDS
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There is provided a compound of formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. There are also provided processes for the manufacture of a compound of Formula 1, and the use of a compound of Formula 1 as a medicament and in the treatment of cancer.
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Page/Page column 122
(2008/12/06)
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- Structure-activity relationship of quinoline derivatives as potent and selective α2c-adrenoceptor antagonists
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Starting from two acridine compounds identified in a high-throughput screening campaign (1 and 2, Table 1), a series of 4-aminoquinolines was synthesized and tested for their properties on the human α2- adrenoceptor subtypes (α2A, α2B, and α2C). A number of compounds with good antagonist potencies against the α2C-adrenoceptor and excellent subtype selectivities over the other two subtypes were discovered. For example, (R)-{4-[4-(3,4-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)phenylamino]quinolin-3-yl}methanol 6j had an antagonist potency of 8.5 nM against, and a subtype selectivity of more than 200-fold for, the α2c-adrenoceptor. Investigation of the structure-activity relationship identified a number of structural features, the most critical of which was an absolute need for a substituent in the 3-position of the quinoline ring. The 3-position on the piperazine ring was also found to play an appreciable role, as substitutions in that position exerted a significant and stereospecific beneficial effect on the α2C- adrenoceptor affinity and potency. Replacing the piperazine ring proved difficult, with 1,4-diazepanes representing the only viable alternative.
- H?glund, Iisa P. J.,Silver, Satu,Engstr?m, Mia T.,Salo, Harri,Tauber, Andrei,Kyyr?nen, Hanna-Kaisa,Saarenketo, Pauli,Hoffrén, Anna-Marja,Kokko, Kurt,Pohjanoksa, Katariina,Sallinen, Jukka,Savola, Juha-Matti,Wurster, Siegfried,Kallatsa, Oili A.
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p. 6351 - 6363
(2007/10/03)
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- BICYCLIC NONANE AND DECANE COMPOUNDS HAVING DOPAMINE RECEPTOR AFFINITY
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Described herein are D4 receptor-selective compounds of the general formula: STR1 wherein: A and B are independently selected, optionally substituted, saturated or unsaturated 5-or 6-membered, homo-or heterocyclic rings;X 1 is selected from CH 2, O, NH, S, C=O, CH--OH, CH--N(C 1-4 alkyl) 2, C=CHCl, C= CHCN, N-C 1-4 alkyl, N-acetyl, SO 2 and SO;X. sub.2---is selected from N=, CH 2--, CH=, C(O)--, O--, and S--;n is 1 or 2;R 1 is selected from H and an amino acid side chain;R 2 is selected from H, OH, C 1-9 alkyl, C 1-9 alkoxy, and benzyloxy; andR 3 is selected from H, OH, halo, cyano, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, =O, =S, C 1-4 alkylsulfonyl, C 1-4 alkylsulfonyl, C 1-4 alkylthio, amino, and aminocarbonyl;and acid addition salts, solvates and hydrates thereof. Their use as ligands for dopamine receptor identification and in a drug screening program, and as pharmaceuticals to treat indications in which the D4 receptor is implicated, such as schizophrenia, is also described.
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- 2-,3-,4-,5-,6-,7-,8-,9- and/or 10-substituted dibenzoxazepine and dibenzthiazepine compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use
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The present invention provides substituted dibenzoxazepine and dibenzthiazepine compounds of Formula I: STR1 which are useful as analgesic agents for the treatment of pain, and for prostaglandin-E2 mediated diseases, pharmaceutical compositions comprising a therapeutically-effective amount of a compound of Formula I in combination with a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier, a method for eliminating or ameliorating pain in an animal comprising administering a therapeutically-effective amount of a compound of Formula I to the animal, and a method for treating prostaglandin-E2 mediated diseases in an animal comprising administering a therapeutically-effective amount of a compound of Formula I to the animal.
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- 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 9- and/or 10-substituted dibenzoxazepine and dibenzthiazepine compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use
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The present invention provides substituted dibenzoxazepine and dibenzthiazepine compounds of Formula I: STR1 which are useful as analgesic agents for the treatment of pain, and for prostaglandin-E2 mediated diseases, pharmaceutical compositions comprising a therapeutically-effective amount of a compound of Formula I in combination with a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier, a method for eliminating or ameliorating pain in an animal comprising administering a therapeutically-effective amount of a compound of Formula I to the animal, and a method for treating prostaglandin-E2 mediated diseases in an animal comprising administering a therapeutically-effective amount of a compound of Formula I to the animal.
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- Synthesis and Evaluation of Conformationally Restricted N--N-methyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylamines at ? Receptors. 2. Piperazines, Bicyclic Amines, Bridged Bicyclic Amines, and Miscellaneous Compounds
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As a continuation of our earlier study (J.Med.Chem. 1992, 35, 4334-4343) we conformationally restricted the ?-receptor ligand 2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-N--N-methylethylamine (1) by incorporating it into a series of homologous piperazines 3-9 and homopiperazines 10 and 11, diazabicyclononanes and decanes, bridgehead bicyclooctanes and nonanes as well as other miscellaneous compounds. ?-Receptor binding affinites were obtained using (+)-pentazocine in guinea pig brain membrane ?1 sites.The studies suggest that the nitrogen lone pair orient ation found in the piperazines affords the strongest binding interaction.Other nitrogen lone pair orientations or compounds representing unlikely staggered conformations of 1 -1,4-diazabicyclononane (16)> show very weak ? interaction.Comperison of the binding data of different N-substituted homologues of 1 with those of the 1--4-alkylpiperazines suggests that the two nitrogen atoms of 1 are working in opposition to one another in terms of their sensitivity to steric bulk.The high binding affinity of the 1,4-diazabicyclononanes 12 suggests that these may approximate the methyl and pyrrolidine ring conformations found in 1 when it is bound to the ? receptor.Compound 12 exhibited a 4-fold enantioselectivity favoring (+)-12.The synthesis of 6,7-dichloro-2-amino>tetralin (19) and its desmethyl derivative 20 permitted constraint of the 3,4-dichlorophenyl and N-methyl moieties of 1 into a gauche orientation.The binding data suggests that this conformation in 1 favors strong binding interaction at ?-receptors. ?-Receptor K1's ra nged from 0.55 nM for 1--4-n-butylpiperazine (7) to 654 nM for 16.Overall comparison of the results indicate that 1 is subject to considerable conformational freedom and suggests that the ?-receptor is not subject to rigid stereochemical restraints with 1.These results add to our earlier study where we restrained 1 using simple monocyclic heterocycles.
- Costa, Brian R. de,He, Xiao-shu,Linders, Joannes T.M.,Dominguez, Celia,Gu, Zi Qiang,et al.
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p. 2311 - 2320
(2007/10/02)
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