- π ligands in alkaline earth complexes
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π ligands such as olefins and alkynes bind intramolecularly to the metal atom in d0 complexes of the large alkaline earths (Ae) calcium and strontium supported by fluoroalkoxo ligands with dangling unsaturated C=C or C=C bonds, and having the amide N(SiMe
- Ro?ca, Sorin-Claudiu,Caytan, Elsa,Dorcet, Vincent,Roisnel, Thierry,Carpentier, Jean-Fran?ois,Sarazin, Yann
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- Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Pyrimidine-4-Carboxamides as Inhibitors of N-Acylphosphatidylethanolamine Phospholipase D
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N-Acylphosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD) is regarded as the main enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), a family of bioactive lipid mediators. Previously, we reported N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-6-((S)-3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-((S)-3-phenylpiperidin-1-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (1, LEI-401) as the first potent and selective NAPE-PLD inhibitor that decreased NAEs in the brains of freely moving mice and modulated emotional behavior [ Mock et al. Nat Chem. Biol., 2020, 16, 667-675 ]. Here, we describe the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of a library of pyrimidine-4-carboxamides as inhibitors of NAPE-PLD that led to the identification of LEI-401. A high-throughput screening hit was modified at three different substituents to optimize its potency and lipophilicity. Conformational restriction of an N-methylphenethylamine group by replacement with an (S)-3-phenylpiperidine increased the inhibitory potency 3-fold. Exchange of a morpholine substituent for an (S)-3-hydroxypyrrolidine reduced the lipophilicity and further increased activity by 10-fold, affording LEI-401 as a nanomolar potent inhibitor with drug-like properties. LEI-401 is a suitable pharmacological tool compound to investigate NAPE-PLD function in vitro and in vivo.
- Mock, Elliot D.,Kotsogianni, Ioli,Driever, Wouter P. F.,Fonseca, Carmen S.,Vooijs, Jelle M.,Den Dulk, Hans,Van Boeckel, Constant A. A.,Van Der Stelt, Mario
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p. 481 - 515
(2021/02/05)
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- INHIBITORS OF N-ACYLPHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE PHOSPHOLIPASE D (NAPE-PLD)
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The invention relates to a compound of the formula (I) as novel inhibitor of N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD), and to use thereof for the prophylaxis or treatment of diseases associated with NAPE-PLD. wherein in a ring A, X1 is N, or CR4; X2 is N or CR5; X3 is N or CH; with the proviso that at least one of X1 and X3 is N.
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- Catalyst-Free Reductive Coupling of Aromatic and Aliphatic Nitro Compounds with Organohalides
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A rare reductive coupling of nitro compounds with organohalides has been realized. The reaction is initiated by a partial reduction of the nitro group to a nitrenoid intermediate. Therefore, not only aromatic but also aliphatic nitro compounds are efficiently transformed into monoalkylated amines, with organohalides as the alkylating agent. Given the innate reactivity of the nitrenoid, a catalyst is not required, resulting in a high tolerance for aryl halide substituents in both starting materials.
- Rauser, Marian,Eckert, Raphael,Gerbershagen, Max,Niggemann, Meike
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supporting information
p. 6713 - 6717
(2019/04/14)
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- Synthesis of β-Lactams by Palladium(0)-Catalyzed C(sp3)?H Carbamoylation
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A general and user-friendly synthesis of β-lactams is reported that makes use of Pd0-catalyzed carbamoylation of C(sp3)?H bonds, and operates under stoichiometric carbon monoxide in a two-chamber reactor. This reaction is compatible with a range of primary, secondary and activated tertiary C?H bonds, in contrast to previous methods based on C(sp3)?H activation. In addition, the feasibility of an enantioselective version using a chiral phosphonite ligand is demonstrated. Finally, this method can be employed to synthesize valuable enantiopure free β-lactams and β-amino acids.
- Dailler, David,Rocaboy, Ronan,Baudoin, Olivier
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supporting information
p. 7218 - 7222
(2017/06/13)
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- Facile Synthesis and Isolation of Secondary Amines via a Sequential Titanium(IV)-Catalyzed Hydroamination and Palladium-Catalyzed Hydrogenation
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An atom economical and catalytic route for the synthesis of aryl- and alkyl-substituted secondary amines has been developed. Using a bis(amidate)bis(amido)titanium(IV) precatalyst, the hydroamination of terminal alkynes with a range of amines results in the selective formation of the anti-Markovnikov product. The crude enamine/imine mixtures are effectively hydrogenated using palladium on carbon (Pd/C) and H2 to afford the corresponding secondary amine in excellent yields. Simple work-up procedures allow for the isolation of pure compounds while avoiding purification via column chromatography.
- Lui, Erica K. J.,Schafer, Laurel L.
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supporting information
p. 713 - 718
(2016/03/09)
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- Transformation of N,N-diisopropylarylmethylamines into N-isopropylarylmethylamines with molecular iodine
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N,N-Diisopropylarylmethylamines were smoothly converted into the corresponding N-isopropylarylmethylamines by the reaction with molecular iodine in the presence of Na2CO3 in chloroform at 60 °C. Other related tertiary amines were also transformed into the corresponding secondary amines by the reaction with molecular iodine under the same reaction conditions.
- Ezawa, Masatoshi,Moriyama, Katsuhiko,Togo, Hideo
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p. 6689 - 6692
(2016/02/03)
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- Thioimidazoline based compounds reverse glucocorticoid resistance in human acute lymphoblastic leukemia xenografts
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Glucocorticoids form a critical component of chemotherapy regimens for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and the initial response to glucocorticoid therapy is a major prognostic factor, where resistance is predictive of poor outcome. A high-throughput screen identified four thioimidazoline-containing compounds that reversed dexamethasone resistance in an ALL xenograft derived from a chemoresistant pediatric ALL. The lead compound (1) was synergistic when used in combination with the glucocorticoids, dexamethasone or prednisolone. Synergy was observed in a range of dexamethasone-resistant xenografts representative of B-cell precursor ALL (BCP-ALL) and T-cell ALL. We describe here the synthesis of twenty compounds and biological evaluation of thirty two molecules that explore the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of this novel class of glucocorticoid sensitizing compounds. SAR analysis has identified that the most effective dexamethasone sensitizers contain a thioimidazoline acetamide substructure with a large hydrophobic moiety on the acetamide. This journal is
- Toscan, Cara E.,Rahimi, Marwa,Bhadbhade, Mohan,Pickford, Russell,McAlpine, Shelli R.,Lock, Richard B.
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p. 6299 - 6312
(2015/06/08)
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- Protonation switching to the least-basic heteroatom of carbamate through cationic hydrogen bonding promotes the formation of isocyanate cations
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We found that phenethylcarbamates that bear ortho-salicylate as an ether group (carbamoyl salicylates) dramatically accelerate O-C bond dissociation in strong acid to facilitate generation of isocyanate cation (N-protonated isocyanates), which undergo subsequent intramolecular aromatic electrophilic cyclization to give dihydroisoquinolones. To generate isocyanate cations from carbamates in acidic media as electrophiles for aromatic substitution, protonation at the ether oxygen, the least basic heteroatom, is essential to promote C-O bond cleavage. However, the carbonyl oxygen of carbamates, the most basic site, is protonated exclusively in strong acids. We found that the protonation site can be shifted to an alternative basic atom by linking methyl salicylate to the ether oxygen of carbamate. The methyl ester oxygen ortho to the phenolic (ether) oxygen of salicylate is as basic as the carbamate carbonyl oxygen, and we found that monoprotonation at the methyl ester oxygen in strong acid resulted in the formation of an intramolecular cationic hydrogen bond (>C=O+-H...O) with the phenolic ether oxygen. This facilitates O-C bond dissociation of phenethylcarbamates, thereby promoting isocyanate cation formation. In contrast, superacid-mediated diprotonation at the methyl ester oxygen of the salicylate and the carbonyl oxygen of the carbamate afforded a rather stable dication, which did not readily undergo C-O bond dissociation. This is an unprecedented and unknown case in which the monocation has greater reactivity than the dication.
- Kurouchi, Hiroaki,Sumita, Akinari,Otani, Yuko,Ohwada, Tomohiko
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supporting information
p. 8682 - 8690
(2014/07/21)
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- Selective N-alkylation of primary amines with R-NH2·HBr and alkyl bromides using a competitive deprotonation/protonation strategy
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Monoalkylation of primary amines using amine hydrobromides and alkyl bromides has been carried out. Under controlled reaction conditions the reactant primary amine was selectively deprotonated and made available for reaction, while the newly generated secondary amine remained protonated, and did not participate in alkylation further. Reaction was carried out under mild reaction conditions and was applicable to a wide range of primary amines and alkyl bromides.
- Bhattacharyya, Shubhankar,Pathak, Uma,Mathur, Sweta,Vishnoi, Subodh,Jain, Rajeev
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p. 18229 - 18233
(2014/05/20)
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- Kn?lker's iron complex: An efficient in situ generated catalyst for reductive amination of alkyl aldehydes and amines
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An aminated series: A well-defined iron-catalyzed reductive amination reaction of aldehydes and ketones with aliphatic amines using molecular hydrogen is presented. Under mild conditions, good yields for a broad range of alkyl ketones as well as aldehydes were achieved. Copyright
- Pagnoux-Ozherelyeva, Anastassiya,Pannetier, Nicolas,Mbaye, Mbaye Diagne,Gaillard, Sylvain,Renaud, Jean-Luc
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 4976 - 4980
(2012/06/30)
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- Monoalkylation of primary amines and N-sulfinylamides
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An efficient monoalkylation of primary amines with primary or secondary alcohols catalyzed by Ra-Ni under mild conditions is described. The Royal Society of Chemistry.
- García Ruano, José Luis,Parra, Alejandro,Alemán, José,Yuste, Francisco,Mastranzo, Virginia M.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 404 - 406
(2009/05/06)
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- A novel series of urea-based peptidomimetic calpain inhibitors
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A series of peptide aldehyde derivatives in which the P2 chiral carbon has been replaced with nitrogen were synthesized as urea-based peptidomimetic inhibitors of μ-calpain. The compounds mirrored the general SAR of peptidyl aldehyde calpain inhibitors but displayed greater selectivity for μ-calpain over cathepsin B.
- Sanders, M. Lee,Donkor, Isaac O.
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p. 1965 - 1968
(2007/10/03)
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- Cesium effect: High chemoselectivity in direct N-alkylation of amines
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A novel method for the mono-N-alkylation of primary amines, diamines, and polyamines was developed using cesium bases in order to prepare secondary amines efficiently. A cesium base not only promoted alkylation of primary amines but also suppressed overalkylations of the produced secondary amines. Various amines, alkyl bromides, and alkyl sulfonates were examined, and the results demonstrated this methodology was highly chemoselective to favor mono-N-alkylation over dialkylation. In particular, use of either sterically demanding substrates or amino acid derivatives afforded the secondary amines exclusively, offering wide applications in peptidomimetic syntheses.
- Salvatore, Ralph Nicholas,Nagle, Advait S.,Kyung, Woon Jung
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p. 674 - 683
(2007/10/03)
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- Cesium Hydroxide Promoted Chemoselective N-Alkylation for the Generally Efficient Synthesis of Secondary Amines
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(Matrix presented) Selective N-alkylation of primary amines was developed using cesium hydroxide to prepare various secondary amines efficiently. A cesium base not only promoted monoalkylations of primary amines but also suppressed overalkylations. Various amines and alkyl bromides were examined, and the preliminary results demonstrated this methodology was highly chemoselective, favoring mono-N-alkylation over dialkylation. In particular, use of amino acid derivatives afforded the desired secondary amines exclusively.
- Salvatore, Ralph N.,Nagle, Advait S.,Schmidt, Shaun E.,Jung, Kyung Woon
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p. 1893 - 1896
(2008/02/11)
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- Dihydropyrancarboxamides related to zanamivir: A new series of inhibitors of influenza virus sialidases. 1. Discovery, synthesis, biological activity, and structure-activity relationships of 4-guanidino- and 4-amino-4h-pyran-6-carboxamides
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4-Amino- and 4-guanidino-4ff-pyran-6-carboxamides 4 and 5 related to zanamivir (GG167) are a new class of inhibitors of influenza virus sialidases. Structure-activity studies reveal that, in general, secondary amides are weak inhibitors of both influenza
- Smith, Paul W.,Sollis, Steven L.,Howes, Peter D.,Cherry, Peter C.,Starkey, Lan D.,Cobley, Kevin N.,Weston, Helen,Scicinski, Jan,Merritt, Andrew,Whittington, Andrew,Wyatt, Paul,Taylor, Neil,Green, Darren,Bethell, Richard,Madar, Safia,Fenton, Robert J.,Morley, Peter J.,Pateman, Tony,Beresford, Alan
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p. 787 - 797
(2007/10/03)
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- BORANE-TETRAHYDROFURAN AS A USEFUL REAGENT IN THE N-MONOALKYLATION OF AMINES AND AMINOALCOHOLS BY CARBONYL COMPOUNDS.
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A new procedure for the high-yield N-monoalkylation of primary aromatic and aliphatic amines is described.
- Morales, Hilda R.,Perez-Juarez, Martin,Cuellar, Laura,Mendoza, Lourdes,Fernandez, Hector,Contreras, Rosalinda
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p. 1213 - 1220
(2007/10/02)
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- Synthesis of 2,2-Dichloro-1,3-diarylaziridines by Reduction of Trichloroacetophenone Imines
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2,2-Dichloro-1,3-diarylaziridines, usually obtained by addition of dichlorocarbene to benzylideneanilines, were synthesized by reaction of N-aryl-α,α,α-trichloroacetophenone imines with lithium aluminium hydride in ether.
- Kimpe, Norbert De,Verhe, Roland,Buyck, Laurent De,Schamp, Niceas
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p. 2079 - 2081
(2007/10/02)
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