56813-80-0Relevant articles and documents
Replacement of a Naphthalene Scaffold in Kelch-like ECH-Associated Protein 1 (KEAP1)/Nuclear Factor (Erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) Inhibitors
Richardson, Benjamin G.,Jain, Atul D.,Potteti, Haranatha R.,Lazzara, Phillip R.,David, Brian P.,Tamatam, Chandra R.,Choma, Ewelina,Skowron, Kornelia,Dye, Katherine,Siddiqui, Zamia,Wang, Yue-Ting,Krunic, Aleksej,Reddy, Sekhar P.,Moore, Terry W.
, p. 8029 - 8047 (2018/09/12)
Activators of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) could lead to promising therapeutics for prevention and treatment of oxidative stress and inflammatory disorders. Ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of the transcription factor NRF2 is mediated by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (KEAP1). Inhibition of the KEAP1/NRF2 interaction with small molecules leads to NRF2 activation. Previously, we and others described naphthalene-based NRF2 activators, but the 1,4-diaminonaphthalene scaffold may not represent a drug-like scaffold. Paying particular attention to aqueous solubility, metabolic stability, potency, and mutagenicity, we modified a previously known, naphthalene-based nonelectrophilic NRF2 activator to give a series of non-naphthalene and heterocyclic scaffolds. We found that, compared to previously reported naphthalene-based compounds, a 1,4-isoquinoline scaffold provides a better mutagenic profile without sacrificing potency, stability, or solubility.
Fluorinated biphenyls from aromatic arylations with pentafluorobenzenediazonium and related cations. Competition between arylation and azo coupling
Kosynkin, Dmitry,Bockman, T. Michael,Kochi, Jay K.
, p. 2003 - 2012 (2007/10/03)
High yields of the mixed perfluorinated biaryls (C6F5-Ar) are obtained by the catalytic dediazonlatlon of the pentafluorobenzenediazonium salt (C6F5N2+BF4-) in acetonitrile solutions containing various aromatic substrates (ArH) together with small amounts of iodide salts. Activated (electron-rich) as well as deactivated (electron-poor) arenes are successfully pentafluorophenylated by this method. The arylation is distinct from the azo coupling of the same substrates, which takes place in the absence of the iodide catalyst and yields the corresponding diazene (C6F5N=N-Ar) as product. The catalytic role of iodide, and the isomeric product distributions obtained with this procedure indicate that the arylation proceeds via the pentafluorophenyl radical in a efficient homolytic chain process. Since azo coupling involves electrophilic aromatic substitution of electron-rich ArH by C6F5N2+, the two competing pathways are distinct and do not have reactive intermediates in common.
