589-81-1Relevant articles and documents
Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Olefins Using a Nanostructured Nickel Catalyst
Klarner, Mara,Bieger, Sandra,Drechsler, Markus,Kempe, Rhett
supporting information, p. 2157 - 2161 (2021/05/21)
The selective hydrogenation of functionalized olefins is of great importance in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry. Here, we report on a nanostructured nickel catalyst that enables the selective hydrogenation of purely aliphatic and functionalized olefins under mild conditions. The earth-abundant metal catalyst allows the selective hydrogenation of sterically protected olefins and further tolerates functional groups such as carbonyls, esters, ethers and nitriles. The characterization of our catalyst revealed the formation of surface oxidized metallic nickel nanoparticles stabilized by a N-doped carbon layer on the active carbon support.
Silica-immobilized ionic liquid Br?nsted acids as highly effective heterogeneous catalysts for the isomerization of: N -heptane and n -octane
Al-Fatesh, Ahmed S.,Dhar, Abhishek,Fakeeha, Anis H.,Ibrahim, Ahmed A.,Khimani, Mehul,Patel, Hiren,Siva Kumar, Nadavala,Vekariya, Rohit L.
, p. 15282 - 15292 (2020/05/05)
Metal-free imidazolium-based ionic liquid (IL) Br?nsted acids 1-methyl imidazolium hydrogen sulphate [HMIM]HSO4 and 1-methyl benzimidazolium hydrogen sulphate [HMBIM]HSO4 were synthesized. Their physicochemical properties were investigated using spectroscopic and thermal techniques, including UV-Vis, FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C-NMR, mass spectrometry, and TGA. The ILs were immobilized on mesoporous silica gel and characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, ammonia temperature-programmed desorption, and thermogravimetric analysis. [HMIM]HSO4?silica and [HMBIM]HSO4?silica have been successfully applied as promising replacements for conventional catalysts for alkane isomerization reactions at room temperature. Isomerization of n-heptane and n-octane was achieved with both catalysts. In addition to promoting the isomerization of n-heptane and n-octane (a quintessential reaction for petroleum refineries), these immobilized catalysts are non-hazardous and save energy.
Production of cellulosic gasoline: Via levulinic ester self-condensation
Li, Zheng,Otsuki, Andrew L.,Mascal, Mark
supporting information, p. 3804 - 3808 (2018/08/22)
Most biomass to biofuel processes are limited to the production of linear or minimally branched hydrocarbons. Motor gasoline, however, consists of highly branched linear and/or cyclic alkanes. This work describes the optimization of the levulinic ester self-condensation reaction and the efficient conversion of its products, which are highly branched cyclopentadienes, into a mixture of substituted cyclopentanes with high octane ratings and excellent density and flow properties.
GAS-TO-LIQUID REACTOR AND METHOD OF USING
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Paragraph 0143; 0144, (2019/08/15)
A device and a process to propagate molecular growth of hydrocarbons, either straight or branched chain structures, that naturally occur in the gas phase to a molecular size sufficient to shift the natural occurring phase to a liquid or solid state is provided. According to one embodiment, the device includes a grounded reactor vessel having a gas inlet, a liquid outlet, and an electrode within the vessel; a power supply coupled to the electrode for creating an elecirostatic field within the vessel for converting the gas to a liquid and or solid state.
Process for preparing 1,2-hexanediol
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Paragraph 0032-0033, (2016/10/08)
The present invention relates to a method for producing 1,2-hexanediol and, more specifically, to a method for producing high-purity 1,2-hexanediol at high yield, wherein the method comprises reaction of 1-hexene with hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent and a ferric iron as a catalyst.COPYRIGHT KIPO 2016
Biobased n-Butanol Prepared from Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate: Optimization of the Reduction of n-Butyl Crotonate to n-Butanol
Schweitzer, Dirk,Mullen, Charles A.,Boateng, Akwasi A.,Snell, Kristi D.
supporting information, p. 710 - 714 (2015/07/27)
Using metabolic engineering approaches, the biopolymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (P3HB) can be overproduced in organisms such as bacteria and plants. Thermolysis of P3HB, either in isolated form or within biomass, yields crotonic acid, a potential bioderived platform chemical. Reduction of crotonic acid provides n-butanol, which has value as a fuel and as a commodity chemical. Herein, we report optimization work on the hydrogenation of the n-butyl ester of crotonic acid to n-butanol and the potential of this chemistry to be incorporated into the production of bio-n-butanol from P3HB containing biomass.
Oligomerization of 1-butene with a homogeneous catalyst system based on allylic nickel complexes
Behr,Bayrak,Peitz,Stochniol,Maschmeyer
, p. 41372 - 41376 (2015/05/27)
The oligomerization of 1-butene with a nickel-based catalyst system constitutes an elegant synthesis method for obtaining linear octenes from readily available chemicals. It is well known that the bis-(cyclooctadiene)nickel(0)-complex (Ni(COD)2) can be used in combination with 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone (hfacac) forming [Ni-1] as a catalyst for the dimerization of 1-butene, which produces a linear octene yield of 75-83% at reaction temperatures between 70-80 °C. We are the first to demonstrate that it is also possible to use allylic nickel complexes in combination with hfacac to produce linear octenes with a selectivity of 70% under very mild reaction conditions and at low catalyst concentrations. Additionally the catalyst can be formed simply by adding the activator hfacac to a solution of the allylic nickel complex. No complicated synthesis or purification is needed.
The tantalum-catalyzed carbozincation of 1-alkenes with zinc dialkyls
Sultanov, Rifkat M.,Samoilova, Elena V.,Popod'Ko, Natal'Ya R.,Sabirov, Denis Sh.,Dzhemilev, Usein M.
, p. 23 - 29 (2015/02/19)
The TaCl5-mediated reaction between monosubstituted alkenes and Et2Zn affords 3-(R-substituted)-n-butylzincs in high yield (up to 92%) and regioselectivity. Organozinc reagents bearing a longer alkyl chain (R = Prn, Bun, Amn, Hexn) react with 1-alkenes in the presence of TaCl5 as the catalyst to give two types of organozinc compound having iso-alkyl structure. The probable mechanism of the carbozincation reaction implies the formation of β-substituted and β,β'-disubstituted tantalacyclopentanes as the key intermediates. The thermodynamic probability of the mechanistic elementary stages for the ethylzincation of terminal alkenes has been estimated using DFT PBE/SBK method.
Copper-catalyzed alkyl-alkyl cross-coupling reactions using hydrocarbon additives: Efficiency of catalyst and roles of additives
Iwasaki, Takanori,Imanishi, Reiko,Shimizu, Ryohei,Kuniyasu, Hitoshi,Terao, Jun,Kambe, Nobuaki
, p. 8522 - 8532 (2015/01/08)
Cross-coupling of alkyl halides with alkyl Grignard reagents proceeds with extremely high TONs of up to 1230000 using a Cu/unsaturated hydrocarbon catalytic system. Alkyl fluorides, chlorides, bromides, and tosylates are all suitable electrophiles, and a TOF as high as 31200 h-1 was attained using an alkyl iodide. Side reactions of this catalytic system, i.e., reduction, dehydrohalogenation (elimination), and the homocoupling of alkyl halides, occur in the absence of additives. It appears that the reaction involves the β-hydrogen elimination of alkylcopper intermediates, giving rise to olefins and Cu-H species, and that this process triggers both side reactions and the degradation of the Cu catalyst. The formed Cu-H promotes the reduction of alkyl halides to give alkanes and Cu-X or the generation of Cu(0), probably by disproportionation, which can oxidatively add to alkyl halides to yield olefins and, in some cases, homocoupling products. Unsaturated hydrocarbon additives such as 1,3-butadiene and phenylpropyne play important roles in achieving highly efficient cross-coupling by suppressing β-hydrogen elimination, which inhibits both the degradation of the Cu catalyst and undesirable side reactions.
SYNTHESIS OF HIGH CALORIC FUELS AND CHEMICALS
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Paragraph 0096, (2013/05/23)
In one embodiment, the present application discloses methods to selectively synthesize higher alcohols and hydrocarbons useful as fuels and industrial chemicals from syngas and biomass. Ketene and ketonization chemistry along with hydrogenation reactions are used to synthesize fuels and chemicals. In another embodiment, ketene used to form fuels and chemicals may be manufactured from acetic acid which in turn can be synthesized from synthesis gas which is produced from coal, biomass, natural gas, etc.
