59335-84-1Relevant articles and documents
Acylative kinetic resolution of racemic methyl-substituted cyclic alkylamines with 2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl (: R)-2-phenoxypropanoate
Bartashevich, Ekaterina V.,Chulakov, Evgeny N.,Ezhikova, Marina A.,Gruzdev, Dmitry A.,Kodess, Mikhail I.,Korolyova, Marina A.,Krasnov, Victor P.,Levit, Galina L.,Tumashov, Andrey A.,Vakarov, Sergey A.
supporting information, p. 862 - 869 (2022/02/03)
The diastereoselective acylation of a number of racemic methyl-substituted cyclic alkylamines with active esters of 2-phenoxypropanoic acid was studied in detail. The ester of (R)-2-phenoxypropanoic acid and N-hydroxysuccinimide was found to be the most selective agent. The highest stereoselectivity was observed in the kinetic resolution of racemic 2-methylpiperidine in toluene at -40 °C (selectivity factor s = 73) with the predominant formation of (R,R)-amide (93.7% de). To explain the observed stereoselectivity, DFT modelling of the transition states in the reactions of the title acylating agent with 2-methylpiperidine and 2-methylpyrrolidine was performed. The calculated values were in good agreement with experimental data. It has been demonstrated that the acylation proceeds via a concerted mechanism, in which the addition of an amine occurs simultaneously with the elimination of the hydroxysuccinimide fragment. The high stereoselectivity of the (R,R)-amide formation is largely ensured by the lower steric hindrances in the transition states as compared to the formation of (R,S)-amide.
One-Pot Synthesis of Chiral N-Arylamines by Combining Biocatalytic Aminations with Buchwald–Hartwig N-Arylation
Ahmed, Syed T.,Cosgrove, Sebastian C.,Parmeggiani, Fabio,Thompson, Matthew P.,Turner, Nicholas J.
supporting information, p. 18156 - 18160 (2020/08/13)
The combination of biocatalysis and chemo-catalysis increasingly offers chemists access to more diverse chemical architectures. Here, we describe the combination of a toolbox of chiral-amine-producing biocatalysts with a Buchwald–Hartwig cross-coupling reaction, affording a variety of α-chiral aniline derivatives. The use of a surfactant allowed reactions to be performed sequentially in the same flask, preventing the palladium catalyst from being inhibited by the high concentrations of ammonia, salts, or buffers present in the aqueous media in most cases. The methodology was further extended by combining with a dual-enzyme biocatalytic hydrogen-borrowing cascade in one pot to allow for the conversion of a racemic alcohol to a chiral aniline.
Stereoselective Biotransformations of Cyclic Imines in Recombinant Cells of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Büchsenschütz, Hanna C.,Vidimce-Risteski, Viktorija,Eggbauer, Bettina,Schmidt, Sandy,Winkler, Christoph K.,Schrittwieser, Joerg H.,Kroutil, Wolfgang,Kourist, Robert
, p. 726 - 730 (2019/12/27)
Light-driven biotransformations in recombinant cyanobacteria allow to employ photosynthetic water-splitting for cofactor-regeneration and thus, to save the use of organic electron donors. The genes of three recombinant imine reductases (IREDs) were expressed in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and eight cyclic imine substrates were screened in whole-cell biotransformations. While initial reactions showed low to moderate rates, optimization of the reaction conditions in combination with promoter engineering allowed to alleviate toxicity effects and achieve full conversion of prochiral imines with initial rates of up to 6.3 mM h?1. The high specific activity of up to 22 U gCDW ?1 demonstrates that recombinant cyanobacteria can provide large amounts of NADPH during whole cell reactions. The excellent optical purity of the products with up to >99 %ee underlines the usefulness of cyanobacteria for the stereoselective synthesis of amines.
Dihydrogen-Driven NADPH Recycling in Imine Reduction and P450-Catalyzed Oxidations Mediated by an Engineered O2-Tolerant Hydrogenase
Preissler, Janina,Reeve, Holly A.,Zhu, Tianze,Nicholson, Jake,Urata, Kouji,Lauterbach, Lars,Wong, Luet L.,Vincent, Kylie A.,Lenz, Oliver
, p. 4853 - 4861 (2020/08/12)
The O2-tolerant NAD+-reducing hydrogenase (SH) from Ralstonia eutropha (Cupriavidus necator) has already been applied in vitro and in vivo for H2-driven NADH recycling in coupled enzymatic reactions with various NADH-dependent oxidoreductases. To expand the scope for application in NADPH-dependent biocatalysis, we introduced changes in the NAD+-binding pocket of the enzyme by rational mutagenesis, and generated a variant with significantly higher affinity for NADP+ than for the natural substrate NAD+, while retaining native O2-tolerance. The applicability of the SH variant in H2-driven NADPH supply was demonstrated by the full conversion of 2-methyl-1-pyrroline into a single enantiomer of 2-methylpyrrolidine catalysed by a stereoselective imine reductase. In an even more challenging reaction, the SH supported a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase for the oxidation of octane under safe H2/O2 mixtures. Thus, the re-designed SH represents a versatile platform for atom-efficient, H2-driven cofactor recycling in biotransformations involving NADPH-dependent oxidoreductases.
Synthesis and evaluation of in vivo anti-hypothermic effect of all stereoisomers of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone mimetic: Rovatirelin Hydrate
Kobayashi, Naotake,Sato, Norihito,Sugita, Katsuji,Takahashi, Kouji,Sugawara, Tamio,Tada, Yukio,Yoshikawa, Takayoshi
, (2019/11/20)
We discovered the orally active thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) mimetic: (4S,5S)-5-methyl-N-{(2S)-1-[(2R)-2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl]-1-oxo-3-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)propan-2-yl}-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidine-4-carboxamide 1 (rovatirelin). The central nervous system (CNS) effect of rovatirelin after intravenous (iv) administration is 100-fold higher than that of TRH. As 1 has four asymmetric carbons in its molecule, there are 16 stereoisomers. We synthesized and evaluated the anti-hypothermic effect of all stereoisomers of 1, which has the (4S),(5S),(2S),(2R) configuration from the N-terminus to the C-terminus, in order to clarify the structure?activity relationship (SAR) of stereoisomers. The (4R),(5R),(2R),(2S)-isomer 16 did not show any anti-hypothermic effect. Only the (4S),(5S),(2S),(2S)-isomer 10, which has the (2S)-2-methylpyrrolidine moiety at the C-terminus showed the anti-hypothermic effect similar to 1. Stereoisomers, which have the (5R) configuration of the oxazolidinone at the N-terminus and the (2R) configuration at the middle-part, showed a much lower anti-hypothermic effect than that of 1. On the other hand, stereoisomers, which have the (4R) configuration of the oxazolidinone at the N-terminus or the (2S) configuration of the C-terminus, have little influence on the anti-hypothermic effect.
Asymmetric Intra- and Intermolecular Hydroamination Catalyzed by 3,3′-Bis(trisarylsilyl)- and 3,3′-Bis(arylalkylsilyl)-Substituted Binaphtholate Rare-Earth-Metal Complexes
Nguyen, Hiep N.,Lee, Hyeunjoo,Aud?rsch, Stephan,Reznichenko, Alexander L.,Nawara-Hultzsch, Agnieszka J.,Schmidt, Bernd,Hultzsch, Kai C.
, p. 4358 - 4379 (2018/09/27)
The series of novel 3,3′-bis(trisarylsilyl)- and 3,3′-bis(arylalkylsilyl)-substituted binaphtholate rare-earth-metal complexes 2a-i (SiR3 = Si(o-biphenylene)Ph (a), SiCyPh2 (b), Si-t-BuPh2 (c), Si(i-Pr)3 (d), SiCy2Ph (e), Si(2-tolyl)Ph2 (f), Si(4-t-Bu-C6H4)3 (g), Si(4-MeO-C6H4)Ph2 (h), SiBnPh2 (i)) have been prepared via arene elimination from [Ln(o-C6H4CH2NMe2)3] (Ln = Y, Lu) and the corresponding 3,3′-bis(silyl)-substituted binaphthol. The complexes exhibit high catalytic activity in the hydroamination/cyclization of aminoalkenes, with activities exceeding 1000 h-1 for (R)-2f-Ln, (R)-2g-Ln, and (R)-2h-Ln in the cyclization of 2,2-diphenylpent-4-enylamine (3a) at 25 °C, while the rigid dibenzosilole-substituted complexes (R)-2a-Ln and the triisopropylsilyl-substituted complexes (R)-2d-Ln exhibited the lowest activity in the range of 150-270 h-1. Catalysts (R)-2b-Lu, (R)-2c-Lu, (R)-2f-Lu, and (R)-2i-Lu provide the highest selectivities for the majority of the substrates, while the yttrium congeners are usually less selective. The highest enantioselectivities of 96% ee were observed using (R)-2a-Lu and (R)-2c-Lu in the cyclization of (4E)-2,2,5-triphenylpent-4-enylamine (9). The reactions show apparently zero-order rate dependence on substrate concentration and first-order rate dependence on catalyst concentration, with some reactions exhibiting a slightly accelerated rate at high conversion due to a shift in the equilibrium between a less active, higher coordinate catalyst species in favor of a more active, lower coordinate species as a result of weaker binding of the hydroamination product in comparison to the aminoalkene substrate. The shift in equilibrium from the higher to the lower coordinate species is also entropically favored at elevated temperatures, which results in an unusual increase in selectivity in the cyclization of 2,2-dimethylpent-4-enylamine (3d), presumably due to a higher selectivity of the lower coordinate catalyst species. All binaphtholate yttrium complexes, except (R)-2a-Y, are catalytically active in the intermolecular hydroamination of benzylamines with terminal alkenes. The highest selectivity of 66% ee was observed for the reaction of benzylamine with 4-phenyl-1-butene using (R)-2h-Y at 110 °C.
Sequence-Based In-silico Discovery, Characterisation, and Biocatalytic Application of a Set of Imine Reductases
Velikogne, Stefan,Resch, Verena,Dertnig, Carina,Schrittwieser, Joerg H.,Kroutil, Wolfgang
, p. 3236 - 3246 (2018/08/03)
Imine reductases (IREDs) have recently become a primary focus of research in biocatalysis, complementing other classes of amine-forming enzymes such as transaminases and amine dehydrogenases. Following in the footsteps of other research groups, we have established a set of IRED biocatalysts by sequence-based in silico enzyme discovery. In this study, we present basic characterisation data for these novel IREDs and explore their activity and stereoselectivity using a panel of structurally diverse cyclic imines as substrates. Specific activities of >1 U/mg and excellent stereoselectivities (ee>99 %) were observed in many cases, and the enzymes proved surprisingly tolerant towards elevated substrate loadings. Co-expression of the IREDs with an alcohol dehydrogenase for cofactor regeneration led to whole-cell biocatalysts capable of efficiently reducing imines at 100 mM initial concentration with no need for the addition of extracellular nicotinamide cofactor. Preparative biotransformations on gram scale using these ‘designer cells’ afforded chiral amines in good yield and excellent optical purity.
Switching the Cofactor Specificity of an Imine Reductase
Borlinghaus, Niels,Nestl, Bettina M.
, p. 183 - 187 (2017/12/07)
In the last years, imine reductases (IREDs) have gained importance for the formation of chiral amines by catalyzing asymmetric reductions of imines and chemo- and stereoselective reductive aminations. However, all characterized members of this steadily gr
A Novel (R)-Imine Reductase from Paenibacillus lactis for Asymmetric Reduction of 3 H-Indoles
Li, Hao,Zhang, Guang-Xiang,Li, Liu-Mei,Ou, Yu-Shi,Wang, Ming-Yang,Li, Chun-Xiu,Zheng, Gao-Wei,Xu, Jian-He
, p. 724 - 727 (2016/03/05)
A novel (R)-imine reductase (PlRIR) from Paenibacillus lactis was heterologously overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified and characterized. The purified PlRIR exhibited relatively high catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km=1.58 s-1 mm-1) towards 2,3,3-trimethylindolenine. A panel of 3H-indoles and 3H-indole iodides were reduced by PlRIR to yield the corresponding products with good-to-excellent enantioselectivity (66-98 % ee). In addition, PlRIR also possesses good activities toward other types of imines such as pyrroline, tetrahydropyridine, and dihydroisoquinoline, indicating a reasonably broad substrate acceptance. In a 100 mg scale preparative reaction, 100 mm 2,3,3-trimethylindolenine was converted efficiently to afford (R)-2,3,3-trimethylindoline with 96 % ee and 81 % yield.
Stereoselectivity and Structural Characterization of an Imine Reductase (IRED) from Amycolatopsis orientalis
Aleku, Godwin A.,Man, Henry,France, Scott P.,Leipold, Friedemann,Hussain, Shahed,Toca-Gonzalez, Laura,Marchington, Rebecca,Hart, Sam,Turkenburg, Johan P.,Grogan, Gideon,Turner, Nicholas J.
, p. 3880 - 3889 (2016/07/06)
The imine reductase AoIRED from Amycolatopsis orientalis (Uniprot R4SNK4) catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of a wide range of prochiral imines and iminium ions, predominantly with (S)-selectivity and with ee's of up to >99%. AoIRED displays up to 100-fold greater catalytic efficiency for 2-methyl-1-pyrroline (2MPN) compared to other IREDs, such as the enzyme from Streptomyces sp. GF3546, which also exhibits (S)-selectivity, and thus, AoIRED is an interesting candidate for preparative synthesis. AoIRED exhibits unusual catalytic properties, with inversion of stereoselectivity observed between structurally similar substrates, and also, in the case of 1-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline, for the same substrate, dependent on the age of the enzyme after purification. The structure of AoIRED has been determined in an "open" apo-form, revealing a canonical dimeric IRED fold in which the active site is formed between the N- and C-terminal domains of participating monomers. Co-crystallization with NADPH gave a "closed" form in complex with the cofactor, in which a relative closure of domains, and associated loop movements, has resulted in a much smaller active site. A ternary complex was also obtained by cocrystallization with NADPH and 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline [(MTQ], and it reveals a binding site for the (R)-amine product, which places the chiral carbon within 4 ? of the putative location of the C4 atom of NADPH that delivers hydride to the C? -N bond of the substrate. The ternary complex has permitted structure-informed mutation of the active site, resulting in mutants including Y179A, Y179F, and N241A, of altered activity and stereoselectivity.
