- Addressing hERG activity while maintaining favorable potency, selectivity and pharmacokinetic properties of PPARδ modulators
-
One of the most commonly used strategies to reduce hERG (human ether-a-go-go) activity in the drug candidates is introduction of a carboxylic acid group. During the optimization of PPARδ modulators, some of the compounds containing a carboxylic acid were found to inhibit the hERG channel in a patch clamp assay. By modifying the basicity of the imidazole core, potent and selective PPARδ modulators that do not inhibit hERG channel were identified. Some of the modulators have excellent pharmacokinetic profiles in mice.
- Lagu, Bharat,Senaiar, Ramesh S.,Kluge, Arthur F.,Mallesh,Ramakrishna,Bhat, Raveendra,Patane, Michael A.
-
-
Read Online
- New process for synthesizing rebamipide
-
The invention discloses a novel process for synthesizing rebamipide. The novel process comprises the following steps: adopting glycine methyl ester as a starting raw material, then performing amidation and chlorination to obtain chloroimide intermediate, enabling the chloroimide intermediate to react with bromomethylquinolone, and hydrolyzing to obtain the rebamipide. The novel process has the advantages that the starting raw material is low in price and easy to obtain, the reaction yield is high, the industrialization is easy to realize and the like.
- -
-
Paragraph 0013; 0029-0031; 0038-0040
(2020/12/30)
-
- PPAR AGONISTS, COMPOUNDS, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS, AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF
-
Provided herein are compounds and compositions useful in increasing PPARδ activity. The compounds and compositions provided herein are useful for the treatment of PPARδ related diseases (e.g., muscular diseases, vascular disease, demyelinating disease, and metabolic diseases).
- -
-
Page/Page column 44-45
(2017/11/10)
-
- Iron-catalyzed benzamide formation. Application to the synthesis of moclobemide
-
A convenient and user-friendly method to yield benzamides from primary and secondary amines and various benzylic alcohols in the presence of a cheap iron salt (FeCl2·4H2O) and tert-butylhydroperoxide (70% in water) as a stoichiometric oxidant is described. Control experiments indicated that this reaction might involve radical species. This method proved to be general, generating a family of 30 benzamides and was applied to the preparative synthesis of anti-anxiety drug moclobemide.
- Bantreil, Xavier,Kanfar, Nasreddine,Gehin, Nicolas,Golliard, Ethan,Ohlmann, Pauline,Martinez, Jean,Lamaty, Frédéric
-
p. 5093 - 5099
(2014/07/08)
-
- Iron-catalyzed benzamide formation. Application to the synthesis of moclobemide
-
A convenient and user-friendly method to yield benzamides from primary and secondary amines and various benzylic alcohols in the presence of a cheap iron salt (FeCl2$4H2O) and tert-butylhydroperoxide (70% in water) as a stoichiometric oxidant is described. Control experiments indicated that this reaction might involve radical species. This method proved to be general, generating a family of 30 benzamides and was applied to the preparative synthesis of anti-anxiety drug moclobemide.
- Bantreil, Xavier,Kanfar, Nasreddine,Gehin, Nicolas,Golliard, Ethan,Ohlmann, Pauline,Martinez, Jean,Lamaty, Frédéric
-
p. 5093 - 5099
(2014/12/10)
-
- Magnetic CuFe2O4nanoparticles: A retrievable catalyst for oxidative amidation of aldehydes with amine hydrochloride salts
-
The application of magnetic CuFe2O4nanoparticles for the oxidative amidation of aldehydes with amine hydrochloride salts is described. A wide range of amides have been synthesized in good to excellent yields under mild conditions. Chiral amide also synthesized from its corresponding chiral amine salt with retention of the stereochemistry. In particular, the performance of the magnetic separation of the catalyst was very efficient and an alternative to time, solvent and energy-consuming separation procedures. The catalytic activity of the catalyst remains unaltered after five consecutive cycles, making it environmentally benign and widely applicable due to its efficiency, ease of handling and cost effectiveness.
- Suresh Kumar,Thulasiram,Bala Laxmi,Rawat, Vikas S.,Sreedhar
-
supporting information
p. 6059 - 6067
(2014/12/10)
-
- Magnetic CuFe2O4 nanoparticles: A retrievable catalyst for oxidative amidation of aldehydes with amine hydrochloride salts
-
The application of magnetic CuFe2O4 nanoparticles for the oxidative amidation of aldehydes with amine hydrochloride salts is described. A wide range of amides have been synthesized in good to excellent yields under mild conditions. Chiral amide also synthesized from its corresponding chiral amine salt with retention of the stereochemistry. In particular, the performance of the magnetic separation of the catalyst was very efficient and an alternative to time, solvent and energy-consuming separation procedures. The catalytic activity of the catalyst remains unaltered after five consecutive cycles, making it environmentally benign and widely applicable due to its efficiency, ease of handling and cost effectiveness.
- Suresh Kumar,Thulasiram,Bala Laxmi,Rawat, Vikas S.,Sreedhar
-
supporting information
p. 6059 - 6067
(2015/03/30)
-
- Copper-catalyzed oxidative amidation of aldehydes with amine salts: Synthesis of primary, secondary, and tertiary amides
-
A practical method for the amidation of aldehydes with economic ammonium chloride or amine hydrochloride salts has been developed for the synthesis of a wide variety of amides by using inexpensive copper sulfate or copper(I) oxide as a catalyst and aqueous tert-butyl hydroperoxide as an oxidant. This amidation reaction is operationally straightforward and provides primary, secondary, and tertiary amides in good to excellent yields for most cases utilizing inexpensive and readily available reagents under mild conditions. In situ formation of amine salts from free amines extends the substrate scope of the reaction. Chiral amides are also synthesized from their corresponding chiral amines without detectable racemization. The practicality of this amide formation reaction has been demonstrated in an efficient synthesis of the antiarrhythmic drug N-acetylprocainamide.
- Ghosh, Subhash Chandra,Ngiam, Joyce S. Y.,Seayad, Abdul M.,Tuan, Dang Thanh,Chai, Christina L. L.,Chen, Anqi
-
p. 8007 - 8015,9
(2012/12/12)
-
- Copper-catalyzed oxidative amidation of aldehydes with amine salts: Synthesis of primary, secondary, and tertiary amides
-
A practical method for the amidation of aldehydes with economic ammonium chloride or amine hydrochloride salts has been developed for the synthesis of a wide variety of amides by using inexpensive copper sulfate or copper(I) oxide as a catalyst and aqueous tert-butyl hydroperoxide as an oxidant. This amidation reaction is operationally straightforward and provides primary, secondary, and tertiary amides in good to excellent yields for most cases utilizing inexpensive and readily available reagents under mild conditions. In situ formation of amine salts from free amines extends the substrate scope of the reaction. Chiral amides are also synthesized from their corresponding chiral amines without detectable racemization. The practicality of this amide formation reaction has been demonstrated in an efficient synthesis of the antiarrhythmic drug N-acetylprocainamide.
- Ghosh, Subhash Chandra,Ngiam, Joyce S.Y.,Seayad, Abdul M.,Tuan, Dang Thanh,Chai, Christina L.L.,Chen, Anqi
-
p. 8007 - 8015
(2013/01/15)
-
- SUBSTITUTED ACRYLAMIDE DERIVATIVE AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION COMPRISING THE SAME
-
A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound having Formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient: [wherein, R1 is, for example, a C6-C10 aryl group which may be substituted with one group or more than one group selected from substituent group α; R2 is, for example, a C6-C10 aryl group which may be substituted with one group or more than one group selected from substituent group α; and X is, for example, a hydroxyl group or a C1-C6 alkoxy group].
- -
-
Page/Page column 102
(2008/06/13)
-
- INDIRECT ELECTROCHEMICAL α-METHOXYLATION OF N-ACYL AND N-CARBOALKOXY α-AMINO ACID ESTERS AND APPLICATION AS CATIONIC GLYCINE EQUIVALENTS
-
Indirect electrochemical methoxylation of N-acyl and N-carboalkoxy α-amino acid esters in α-position to nitrogen is possible, if chloride is used as mediator.The course of the reaction depends upon the protecting group as well as upon the amino acid side-chain.Increased electron withdrawing effects of the protecting group are accelerating the reaction.On the other hand aliphatic side-chains are diminishing the reactivity.High chloride ion concentrations improve the current yields surprisingly strong.
- Ginzel, Klaus-Dieter,Brungs, Peter,Steckhan, Eberhard
-
p. 1691 - 1702
(2007/10/02)
-
- Metabolism of chlormezanone in man
-
The metabolism of chlormezanone (Muskel Trancopal) in man was studied by the aid of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography after an oral dose of 400 mg. Six metabolites and/or degradation products were identified in the urine. Some of the metabolites are formed at least partially by nonenzymatic hydrolysis in the stomach. In contrast to previous publications, no unchanged drug was detected in plasma and urine. The main metabolite in plasma is generated by cleavage of the amide bond in the six-membered heterocyclic ring. This derivative is easily formed by in vitro hydrolysis at pH, too. It structurally resembles baclofene. About 40% of the dose is excreted with the urine. The major metabolite in urine is 4-chlorohippuric acid. Additionally, 4-chloro-benzoyl-N-methylamide, 4-chlorobenzoic acid, N-methylimino-4-chlorobenzaldehyde, 4-chlorobenzaldehyde, and 'hydrolyzed' chlormezanone were identified.
- Koppel,Tenczer,Wagemann
-
p. 1116 - 1118
(2007/10/02)
-