- Synthesis of allo - And epi -inositol via the NHC-catalyzed carbocyclization of carbohydrate-derived dialdehydes
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A synthesis of carbocyclic sugars from carbohydrate-derived dialdehydes using organocatalysis has been developed. Sorbitol, mannitol, and galactitol were converted via 1,6-tritylation, perbenzylation or permethylation, detritylation, and Swern oxidation into 2,3,4,5-tetra-O-alkyl-dialdoses that were cyclized via the benzoin reaction promoted by a triazolium carbene. Manno- and galacto-configured dialdehydes gave predominantly single inosose stereoisomers in up to 75% yield if the mixture was acetylated prior to isolation while the gluco-dialdehyde afforded a mixture of three stereoisomers in 61% overall yield. The inososes were stereospecifically reduced using sodium borohydride and then deprotected to give allo- and epi-inositol in good yield that confirmed the structural and stereochemical assignments.
- Stockton, Kieran P.,Greatrex, Ben W.,Taylor, Dennis K.
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p. 5088 - 5096
(2014/06/23)
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- Orthogonally protected cyclohexanehexols by a "one reaction - One product" approach: Efficient access to cyclitols and their analogs
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Differentially protected myo-inositol derivatives were prepared from commercially available myo-inositol through regioselective O-alkylation reactions, which give a single product in each step. These derivatives were converted into six isomeric inositol derivatives carrying orthogonal hydroxy protecting groups. For all these reactions, conditions were chosen to prevent the formation of isomeric products, which obviates the need for separation of isomers and provides the required cyclitol derivative in very good yields. The synthetic potential of these derivatives was illustrated by the conversion of some of the orthogonally protected inositol derivatives into other cyclitol derivatives. Isomeric inositols were also prepared by the global deprotection of all the hydroxy groups.
- Jagdhane, Rajendra C.,Shashidhar, Mysore S.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 2945 - 2953
(2010/08/07)
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- Efficient syntheses of optically pure chiro- and allo-inositol derivatives, azidocyclitols and aminocyclitols from myo-inositol
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Efficient routes for the syntheses of optically pure and hitherto unknown l-chiro- and d-allo-inositol derivatives, azido- and aminocyclitols of l-chiro-configuration, diazido- and diaminocyclitols of d-allo-configuration from economically viable myo-inositol are described. These routes provide access to synthetically flexible 1,2:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-chiro-inositol and 1,6:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-allo-inositol, which are otherwise difficult to synthesize directly from their parent inositols. A one pot methodology that allows rapid access to both chiro- and allo-inositol derivatives has also been developed. Investigations on the glycosidase inhibitory properties of these novel azido- and amino-inositols unraveled the potentials of these classes of compounds as novel class of glycosidase inhibitors. Both d and l forms of these cyclitols could be synthesized from myo-inositol in gram scales and hence by exploiting the difference in reactivities of cis- and trans-ketals, a variety of protected derivatives, which are useful for the synthesis of unnatural phosphoinositols and natural products, can be synthesized.
- Sureshan, Kana M.,Ikeda, Kyoko,Asano, Naoki,Watanabe, Yutaka
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p. 4072 - 4080
(2008/09/20)
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- Synthesis of enantiopure cyclitols from (±)-3-bromocyclohexene mediated by intramolecular oxyselenenylation employing (S,S)-hydrobenzoin and (S)-mandelic acid as chiral sources
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Reaction of 3-bromocyclohexene with (S,S)-hydrobenzoin and (S)-mandelic acid and subsequent intramolecular oxyselenenylation of the resulting allylic ethers followed by oxidation-elimination afforded the valuable cis-fused bicyclic olefins, (1S,3S,4S,6R)-3,4-diphenylbicyclo[4,4,0]-2,5-dioxa-7-decene and (1S,3S,4R)-3-phenyl-4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-benzo[1,4]dioxan-2-one, respectively. Further stereoselective transformation of these cis-fused bicyclic olefins afforded the enantiopure cyclohexitols, muco-quercitol, D-chiro-inocitol and allo-inocitol.
- Lee, Yong Joo,Lee, Kyunghoon,Jung, Sea Ill,Jeon, Heung Bae,Kim, Kwan Soo
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p. 1987 - 2001
(2007/10/03)
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- Simple and Efficient Routes to Optically Active chiro- and allo-Inositol Derivatives from myo-Inositol
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Efficient routes for the gram scale syntheses of optically active chiro- and allo-inositol derivatives from readily available 1,2:4,5-di-O- isopropylidene-myo-inositol (1) are described. Both D and L forms of these isomeric inositols could be synthesized from enantiomers of 1. One-pot methodology for the simultaneous synthesis of both chiro and allo has also been developed. The possible selectivity for the cleavage of trans-ketal in presence of the cis is an added advantage for the syntheses of a variety of protected derivatives for phosphoinositol syntheses. These routes provide synthetically flexible 1,2:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-chiro-inositol and 1,6:3,4-di-O- isopropylidene-allo-inositol which are difficult to achieve otherwise.
- Sureshan, Kana M.,Watanabe, Yutaka
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p. 493 - 496
(2007/10/03)
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- Stereoselective synthesis of myo-, neo-, L-chiro, D-chiro, allo-, scyllo-, and epi-inositol systems via conduritols prepared from p-benzoquinone
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A practical route is described for the flexible preparation of a wide variety of inositol stereoisomers and their polyphosphates. The potential of this approach is demonstrated by the synthesis of myo-, L-chiro-, D-chiro-, epi-, scyllo-, allo-, and neo-inositol systems. Optically pure compounds in either enantiomeric form can be prepared from p-benzoquinone via enzymatic resolution of a derived conduritol B key intermediate. High-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection permits inositol stereoisomers to be resolved and detected with high sensitivity. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003.
- Podeschwa, Michael,Plettenburg, Oliver,Vom Brocke, Jochen,Block, Oliver,Adelt, Stephan,Altenbach, Hans-Josef
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p. 1958 - 1972
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of D-chiro-3-inosose and (+)-D-chiro-inositol
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There are described novel biocatalytic and chemical processes for the synthesis of various oxygenated compounds. Particularly, there are described processes for the synthesis of a useful synthon (12) made by reacting a protected diol (acetonide) with permanganate under appropriate conditions. Such synthon is useful of the synthesis of various pharmaceutically important compounds such as D-chiro-inositol and D-chiro-3-inosose. Also, there are disclosed novel compounds, including specifically the synthon (12) and compounds derived therefrom.
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- Novel synthesis of enantiomerically pure natural inositols and their diastereoisomers
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The various inositol polyphosphates have been found to trigger many important biological processes. Although the knowledge of this phosphoinositide signaling system has been discovered in the past 10 years, many factors remain unclear. For this reason, there is an increased demand for supplies of D-myo-inositol and particularly of novel analogues to investigate these biological mechanisms in more detail. Herein, we report the efficient syntheses of all diastereoisomers of inositol starting with 6-O-acetyl-5-enopyranosides. Conversion of 6-O-acetyl-5-enopyranosides into the corresponding substituted cyclohexanones (Ferrier-II rearrangement) was found to proceed efficiently with a catalytic amount of palladium dichloride. Stereoselective reduction of β-hydroxy ketones obtained provided the precursors to all inositol diastereoisomers in good to excellent yields and with high stereoselectivities. Good accessibility of these enantiomerically pure inositol diastereoisomers results in the efficient syntheses of D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate.
- Takahashi,Kittaka,Ikegami
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p. 2705 - 2716
(2007/10/03)
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- A norbornyl route to cyclohexitols: Stereoselective synthesis of conduritol-E, allo-inositol, MK 7607 and gabosines
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A novel fragmentation sequence within the norbornane system, involving C1-C7 bond scission, provides convenient access to a highly functionalized and versatile cyclohexenoid building block which has been further elaborated to a range of cyclohexitols such as, conduritol E, allo-inositol and gabosine B. Our synthesis of the structure corresponding to gabosine K indicates that the structure of this natural product needs to be revised. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.
- Mehta, Goverdhan,Lakshminath, Sripada
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p. 3509 - 3512
(2007/10/03)
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- Transformation of cyclohexene to enantiopure cyclitols mediated by sequential oxyselenenylation with (S,S)-hydrobenzoin: Synthesis of D-chiro-inositol and muco-quercitol
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Oxyselenenylation of cyclohexene with (S,S)-hydrobenzoin and subsequent oxidation-elimination allows isolation of an allylic ether in which further phenylselenenylation is completely regioselective, thus allowing entry to the cyclitols D-chiro-inositol and muco-quercitol.
- Kim, Kwan Soo,Park, Jong H.,Moon, Hoi Kyung,Yi, Hann
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p. 1945 - 1946
(2007/10/03)
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- A practical multigram-scale synthesis of allo-inositol
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Allo-Inositol was prepared on a multigram scale starting with bromobenzene in seven steps by three different cis-dihydroxylations (enzymatic, OsO4 and RuO4 catalyzed) employed in tandem.
- Desjardins, Michel,Brammer Jr., Larry E.,Hudlicky, Tomas
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- Microbial Oxidation of Aromatics in Enantiocontrolled Synthesis. Part 1.Expedient and General Asymmetric Synthesis of Inositols and Carbohydrates via and Unusual Oxidation of a Polarized Diene with Potassium Permanganate
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This paper reports on the details of a general design of carbohydrates and cyclitols from biocatalytically derived synthons.Homochiral 1-halogenocyclohexa-4,6-diene-2,3-diols 1a and 1b have been generated from chloro- and bromobenzene, respectively, by means of bacterial dioxygenase of Pseudomonas putida 39D.These chiral synthons have been manipulated to cyclitols and carbohydrates by further stereoselective functionalizations.The preperation of D-chiro-inositol, neo-inositol, muco-inositol, and allo-inositol exemplifies their use in enantiocontrolled synthesis.A novel oxidation of polarized dienes with KMnO4 resulted in the synthesis of α-halogeno epoxy diols, which proved unexpectedly stable.A mechanism is proposed for this transformation and placed in context with the only four reported examples of this reaction in the literature.In addition to the application of this new chemistry to the synthesis of cyclitols, chloro epoxy diol 21a has been transformed into a series of cyclitol synthons by reductive or hydrolytic operations.Reaction of 21a with ammonia led to the preparation of highly oxygenated pyrazines, whose structure were proven by X-ray crystallography.The use of 21a in the preparation of D-chiro-3-inosose, a hitherto unreported cyclitol derivative, is also reported.In addition, chloro epoxy diol 21a was transformed into D-erythruronolactone, completing the synthesis of this important chiral pool reagent in two operations from chlorobenzene.Oxidative cleavage of tetrol 20 yielded D-mannosolactone identical with an authentic sample.
- Hudlicky, Tomas,Mandel, Martin,Rouden, Jacques,Lee, Robert S.,Bachmann, Bryan,et al.
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p. 1553 - 1568
(2007/10/02)
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- General Synthesis of Inositols by Hydrolysis of Conduritol Epoxides Obtained Biocatalytically from Halogenobenzenes: (+)-D-chiro-Inositol, allo-Inositol, muco-Inositol and neo-Inositol
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Four of the nine isomeric inositols have been prepared by hydrolytic opening of epoxides derived from 3-halogenocyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol by further oxidation with potassium permanganate or by reduction of chiro-3-inosose (2L-2,3,6/4,5-pentahydroxycyclohexanone).
- Mandel, Martin,Hudlicky, Thomas
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p. 741 - 744
(2007/10/02)
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- Catalytic One-Pot Osmylation of Cyclohexadienes: Stereochemical and Conformational Studies of the Resulting Polyols
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Catalytic double osmylation is described for a series of cyclohexadienes in acetone/H2O in the presence of the co-oxidant N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMO).The formation of polyols occurred stereospecifically with cyclohexadienes 3, 7, and 11a, leading thereby to tetrols 5a, and 9a and to allo-inositol (14a), respectively.To the contrary, trans-cyclohexadiene-diol 15a gave a mixture of the stereoisomeric inositols 18a (epi), 19a (neo), and 20a (chiro).High-field NMR let to clearcut conformational analyses of the polyhydroxylated derivatives.
- Tschamber, Theophile,Backenstrass, Frederique,Fritz, Hans,Streith, Jacques
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p. 1052 - 1060
(2007/10/02)
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- GLYCOSYL-INOSITOL DERIVATIVES III. SYNTHESIS OF HEXOSAMINE-INOSITOL-PHOSPHATES RELATED TO PUTATIVE INSULIN MEDIATORS
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The disaccharides related to glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol anchors of membrane proteins, 4-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-myo-inositol-1-phosphate and 4-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranosyl)-D-chiro-inositol-1-phosphate, have been prepared from optically resolved myo-inositol derivatives.The chiro-inositol moiety was obtained by epimerization of a selectively blocked myo-inositol-triflate ester.The resolved inositols were subsequently phosphorylated to yield the disaccharide aglycones.The amino-sugar components were prepared by azidonitration of suitably protected glucal and galactal derivatives.The derived pyranosyl chlorides were then condensed with the inositol phosphates using silver triflate as the promoter.
- Berlin, William K.,Zhang, Wen-Sheng,Shen, T. Y.
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- NOVEL BIOSYNTHESIS OF D-PINITOL IN SIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS
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Chase experiments with 14CO2 and feeding experiments with labwelled inositols showed that D-pinitol in leaves of Simmondsia chinensis arises via epimerization of D-ononitol.This finding represents an alternative pathway, since D-pinitol is formed in gymnosperms and other plants by epimerization of sequoyitol.Key Word Index -- Simmondsia chinensis; Simmondsiaceae; jojoba; biosynthesis; cyclitols; D-pinitol; D-ononitol.
- Dittrich, Peter,Korak, Andrea
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- PURIFICATION AND STRUCTURE DETERMINATION OF THREE α-D-GALACTOPYRANOSYLCYCLITOLS FROM SOYA BEAN
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Three α-D-galactopyranosylcyclitols previously isolated from soya bean are shown to be 1D-2-O-(α-D-galactopyranosyl)-4-O-methyl-chiro-inositol, 1D-5-O-(α-D-galactopyranosyl)-4-O-methyl-chiro-inositol, and 1D-2-O-(α-D-galactopyranosyl)-chiro-inositol.Assignments of the (13)C-n.m.r. spectra of these compounds and of 1L-1-O-(α-D-galactopyranosyl)-myo-inositol (galactinol) are presented.The mass spectra of derivatives prepared by permethylation or perdeuteriomethylation, followed by hydrolysis and acetylation or methylation are discussed.
- Schweizer, Thomas F.,Horman, Ian
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