78-48-8 Usage
Uses
Used in Agricultural Industry:
1,2,4-Tributylphosphorotrithioate is used as a defoliant for cotton crops to facilitate mechanical harvesting. It is applied as a diluted spray at a recommended rate of approximately 1-2.5 pints per acre per year. This application helps in the premature shedding of leaves, making it easier to harvest the cotton.
1,2,4-Tributylphosphorotrithioate is also used as a plant growth regulator, which helps in controlling the growth of plants and improving their yield.
Additionally, it is used as a herbicide, which helps in controlling the growth of unwanted plants and weeds in the agricultural fields.
Used in Pest Control:
1,2,4-Tributylphosphorotrithioate is used for pest control in industrial agriculture. It is considered a more toxic agent and is used to control ectoparasites on farm and companion animals, as well as for home and garden pest control.
Air & Water Reactions
Insoluble in water. Hydrolyzed slowly by alkaline conditions.
Trade name
B-1776?; BUTIFOS?; BUTIPHOS?[C];
CHEMAGRO? 1776; CHEMAGRO? B-1776; DE-
GREEN?; DEF?; DEF DEFOLIANT?; DELEAFDEFOLIANT?; EASY OFF?-D; E-Z-OFF? D; FOLEX?
6EC FOS-FALL? A; ORTHO? phosphate defoliant
Safety Profile
A poison by ingestion,
skin contact, and intraperitoneal routes.
Experimental reproductive effects. Animal
experiments show an anti-cholinesterase
effect. When heated to decomposition it
emits toxic fumes of PO, and SO,. See also
PARATHION, PHOSPHATES, ESTERS,
and SULFATES.
Carcinogenicity
No carcinogenic effects occurred when rats were given diets with 0, 4, 40, or 320 ppm
tribufos (equivalent to 0.0, 0.2, 1.8, and 16.8 mg/kg/day in
males and 0.0, 0.2, 2.3, and 21.1 mg/kg/day in females,
respectively) for 2 years .
In a carcinogenicity study, mice were fed diets containing
tribufos at doses of 0, 10, 50, or 250 ppm (equivalent to 0.0,
1.64, 8.28, or 48.02 mg/kg/day in males and 0.0, 2.08, 11.14,
or 63.4 mg/kg/day in females) for 90 weeks . Carcinogenic
effects were evident at 250 ppm (48.02 mg/kg/day in
males and 63.4 mg/kg/day in females). Males exhibited a statistically significant increase in hemangiosarcomas and
adenocarcinomas of the small intestines and females exhibited
a statistically significant increase in alveolar/bronchiolar
adenomas.
Environmental Fate
Soil. Hydrolyzes in soil to ethyl mercaptan, carbon dioxide and diisobutylamine (Hartley and Kidd, 1987). Butylate is probably subject to degradation of soil microorganisms.
It was reported that butylate may degrade via hydrolysis of the ester linkage forming the
corresponding mercaptan (ethyl mercaptan), alkylamine (diisobutylamine) and carbon
dioxide. Transthiolation and oxidation of the mercaptan forms the alcohol which may
further oxidize to afford a metabolic pool (Kaufman, 1967). Somasundaram and Coats
(1991) reported butylate in soils is oxidized to the corresponding sulfoxide. The reported
half-life in soil is approximately 1.5–10 weeks (Worthing and Hance, 1991). The reported
half-life of butylate in a loam soil at 21–27°C was 3 weeks (Humburg et al., 1989). Residual
activity in soil is limited to approximately 4 months (Hartley and Kidd, 1987).
Groundwater. According to the U.S. EPA (1986) butylate has a high potential to leach
to groundwater.
Plant. In plants, butylate is metabolized to carbon dioxide, diisobutylamine, fatty acids,
conjugates of amines and other compounds (Hartley and Kidd, 1987; Humburg et al.,
1989).
Toxicity evaluation
DEF is relatively stable in aqueous solutions (pH 5 and 7) up
to 32 days but slightly degraded at pH 9 with a half-life of
124 days. The hydrolytic breakdown product of DEF is known
as desbutylthio tribufos. DEF is stable up to 30 days in sandy
loam soil exposed to natural sunlight, but degrades in
aqueous solution upon exposure to natural sunlight for
30 days, with an estimated half-life of 44 days. The estimated
soil adsorption coefficient (Kd) for DEF ranges from 60.6 for
sandy loam soil to 106 for clay loam. The estimated soil
adsorption constant (Koc) for DEF ranges from 4870 for silt
loam to 12 684 for sand. DEF is highly persistent in soil with
biodegradation half-lives of 745 and 389 days in sandy loam
soil under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Based on water
solubility, high soil adsorption, hydrolysis, and aerobic soil
metabolism data, DEF is not identified as a potential
groundwater contaminant. However, DEF is likely to become
airborne following aerial application or ground spraying.
Also, while DEF itself is not significantly volatile, its degradation
product, n-butyl mercaptan (nBM), is volatile and
accounts for a skunk-like odor near areas where DEF has been
applied. DEF is also formed via release of the defoliant merphos,
which undergoes rapid oxidation under environmental
conditions to tribufos. DEF has a vapor pressure of
5.3×10-6 mm Hg at 25°C, suggesting its occurrence in both
vapor and particulate phases in ambient atmosphere. Vaporphase
DEF degrades by interacting with photochemically
produced hydroxyl radicals; half-life for this reaction in air is
estimated to be 5 h. Particulate-phase DEF gets removed from
atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. Volatilization of DEF
from water surfaces is not an important fate process based on
its Henry’s Law constant of 2.9 107 atmm3 mol1 at 20°C.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 78-48-8 includes 5 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 2 digits, 7 and 8 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 4 and 8 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 78-48:
(4*7)+(3*8)+(2*4)+(1*8)=68
68 % 10 = 8
So 78-48-8 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C12H27OPS3/c1-4-7-10-15-14(13,16-11-8-5-2)17-12-9-6-3/h4-12H2,1-3H3
78-48-8Relevant articles and documents
Diphenyl Diselenide-Catalyzed Synthesis of Triaryl Phosphites and Triaryl Phosphates from White Phosphorus
Zhang, Yue,Cai, Ziman,Chi, Yangyang,Zeng, Xiangzhe,Chen, Shuanghui,Liu, Yan,Tang, Guo,Zhao, Yufen
supporting information, p. 5158 - 5163 (2021/07/20)
Industrially important triaryl phosphites, traditionally prepared from PCl3, have been synthesized by a diphenyl diselenide-catalyzed one-step procedure involving white phosphorus and phenols, which provides a halogen- and transition metal-free way to these compounds. Subsequent oxidation of triaryl phosphites produces triaryl phosphates and triaryl thiophosphates. Phosphorotrithioates are also prepared efficiently from aromatic thiols and aliphatic thiols.
Method for preparing phosphate ester derivatives from white phosphorus
-
Paragraph 0081-0083, (2021/06/23)
A method for preparing phosphate ester derivatives from white phosphorus relates to the field of chemical engineering, and comprises the following steps: adding alkali, a catalyst, a white phosphorus solution, ROH or RSH (R represents alkyl or aromatic group) into a reaction container in an inert atmosphere, and heating and stirring the mixture in a mixed solvent of toluene and DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) to react for a certain time, so as to obtain three-coordinated phosphate ester derivatives; and 2) continuing to add H2O2, air or sulfur powder until the oxidation is completed, thereby obtaining the tetra-coordinated phosphate ester derivative. According to the method, chlorine, phosphorus trichloride and halogen are not needed, phosphite ester is directly prepared from elementary white phosphorus in an efficient, green and environment-friendly manner, and phosphate and thiophosphate can be directly prepared after oxidation. High pollution and high corrosivity of a traditional method are avoided in the whole process; meanwhile, white phosphorus is completely converted in the whole process, white phosphorus residues are avoided, and the post-reaction treatment process is safe.
Direct synthesis of phosphorotrithioites and phosphorotrithioates from white phosphorus and thiols
Cao, Yinwei,Huangfu, Xinlei,Lu, Guozhang,Tang, Guo,Wang, Yueqiao,Zhao, Yufen
supporting information, p. 5303 - 5309 (2020/09/17)
White phosphorus (P4) is still the major commercial P-atom source for the production of organophosphorus compounds. Conventionally, C-S-P bonds were constructed from environmentally questionable P(O)X directly or indirectly. From the green chemistry point of view, formation of C-S-P bonds from inorganic molecule P4 in an easy-to-operate and atom-economical way is essential because it will avoid the hazardous chlorination process. Only five methods for the formation of C-S-P bonds from P4 have been developed over the past 70 years. Here, the first general and high-yielding synthesis of P(SR)3 and P(O)(SR)3 involving P4 and thiols is presented. With the use of KOH or K2CO3 as a base and DMSO-toluene as a solvent, both arythiols and alkylthiols are tolerant in this transformation. The reaction is characterized by a complete conversion of white phosphorus. This operationally simple and environmentally sound reaction shows a broad scope of substrates and good functional group tolerance. Moreover, this method can be easily adapted to large-scale preparation.
Process for the production of S,S,S-tributylphosphorotrithioate
-
, (2008/06/13)
S,S,S-tributylphosphorotrithioite is oxidized with a perborate or percarbonate at a pH of from about 6 to about 12 and at a temperature of from about 40° to about 65° C. Sodium perborate is a particularly preferred oxidizing agent. The product S,S,S-tributylphosphorotrithioate may be recovered by simple phase separation.
Pesticide compositions and method
-
, (2008/06/13)
Toxicant, especially pesticide compositions, having lowered dermal toxicity are provided. The compositions include a lipophilic-pesticide, a nonionic surfactant and a dry inert diluent carrier. Methods for reducing the dermal toxicity of lipophilic toxicants, especially pesticides are provided, as well as methods for controlling insect pests using the disclosed compositions.
