926-77-2Relevant articles and documents
Kinetics of Amide and Peptide Cleavage by Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide
Gomez-Reyes, Baldomero,Yatsimirsky, Anatoly K.
, p. 4831 - 4834 (2007/10/03)
(Equation Presented) The hydroperoxide anion cleaves unactivated amides and peptides although it is completely unreactive toward ethyl esters. The cleavage by HO2- proceeds faster than by OH- and involves additional routes with general acid assistance by H 2O2 and general base assistance by OH- and HO2-. Cleavage of polypeptides occurs at the N-terminal peptide bond.
Neighboring Residue Effects: Evidence for Intramolecular Assistance to Racemization or Epimerization of Dipeptide Residues
Smith, Grant Gill,Evans, Robert C.,Baum, Rocky
, p. 7327 - 7332 (2007/10/02)
Dipeptides, their methyl esters, diketopiperazines (DKP), and N-substituted derivatives were racemized at high temperatures (approximately 120 deg C) in aqueous phosphate buffered solutions at pH values close to pH of maximum racemization (approximately 8).The racemization of the dipeptides Ala-Gly and Gly-Ala followed reversible first-order kinetics.The initial rate of racemization of DKP was very fast but soon slowed down, supposedly due to hydrolysis.The resulting rate was similar to that of the dipeptides.Esters of dipeptides followed racemization patterns similar to DKP.The racemization rate constants of the dipeptides studied were shown to be independent of the concentration of the dipeptide and the concentration of buffer.A carboxy-terminal proline residue greatly increased the rate of racemization (epimerization) of the amino-terminal residue.Increasing the basicity of the N-terminal amino acid residue increased the rate of racemization (or epimerization) of the C-terminal residue unless the C-terminal was sterically hindered as the Ile and Val.Decreasing the basicity of the N-terminal amino acid residue decreased racemization or epimerization for nonhindered C-terminal amino acids.These results support the influence of neighboring groups in the racemization or epimerization of dipeptides.DKP formation is a competing reaction allowing racemization or epimerization in dipeptides.Dipeptide racemization or epimerization is proposed to be the result of combination of intramolecular base assistance and DKP formation.