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10034-85-2Relevant articles and documents
Lewis, W. C. McC.
, p. 471 - 471 (1918)
Spin-orbit transitions (2P1/2←2P3/2) of iodine and bromine atoms in solid rare-gases
Pettersson, Mika,Nieminen, Janne
, p. 1 - 6 (1998)
Infrared absorptions of iodine and bromine atoms in solid rare-gases are presented. The isolated atoms are produced by UV-photolysis of HI or HBr in solid Ar, Kr and Xe. The absorptions are characterised by sharp zero-phonon lines and broad structured phonon side bands. Some of the zero-phonon lines are resolved and split into two components, separated by a few wavenumbers. The production of the atoms follow second-order kinetics indicating that the primary hydrogen atom undergoes a secondary reaction with the hydrogen halide producing a halogen atom and a hydrogen molecule. This is supported by the observation of the infrared absorptions of hydrogen molecules in concentrated matrices after photolysis.
Janz,Danyluk
, p. 3850,3851 (1959)
Kassel, L. S.
, p. 261 - 261 (1930)
Bartlett
, p. 2853 (1932)
Catalytic cycle of a divanadium complex with salen ligands in O2 reduction: Two-electron redox process of the dinuclear center (salen = N,N′-ethylenebis(salicylideneamine))
Yamamoto, Kimihisa,Oyaizu, Kenichi,Tsuchida, Eishun
, p. 12665 - 12672 (1996)
In an attempt to provide confirmation for the postulated mechanism of O2 reduction in vanadium-mediated oxidative polymerization of diphenyl disulfide, a series of divanadium complexes containing salen ligand (salen = N,N′-ethylenebis(salicylideneamine)) were prepared, characterized, and subjected to reactivity studies toward dioxygen. A divanadium(III, IV) complex, [(salen)VOV(salen)][I3] (II), was yielded both by treatments of solutions of [(salen)VOV(salen)][BF4]2 (I) in acetonitrile with excess tetrabutylammonium iodide and by electroreduction of I followed by anion exchange with tetrabutylammonium triiodide. The complex II was characterized by a near-infrared absorption at 7.2 × 103 cm-1 (∈ = 60.1 M-1 cm-1 in acetonitrile) assigned to an intervalence transfer band. A crystallographically determined V(III)-V(IV) distance of 3.569(4) A? is consonant with the classification of II as a weakly coupled Type II mixed-valence vanadium (α = 3.0 × 10-2). Oxidation of the cation [(salen)VOV(salen)]+ with O2 in dichloromethane yielded spontaneously the deep blue, mixed valent, divanadium(IV, V) species [(salen)VOVO(salen)]+ which was structurally characterized both as its triiodide (III) and perchlorate (IV) salts. Crystal data for III: triclinic space group P1 (no. 2), a = 14.973(2) A?, b = 19.481(2) A?, c = 14.168(2) A?, α = 107.00 (1)°, β= 115.56(1)°, γ = 80.35(1)°, V = 3561.3(9) A?3, Z = 4, Dcalc = 1.953 g/cm3, μ (MoKα) = 31.74 cm-1, final R = 0.057 and Rw = 0.065. Crystal data for IV: triclinic space group P1 (no. 2), a = 11.923(3) A?, b = 14.25(1) A?, c = 11.368(7) A?, α = 112.92(5)°, β = 92.76(4)°, γ = 99.13(4)°, V = 1743(1) A?3, Z = 2, Dcalc = 1.537 g/cm3, μ (CuKα) = 57.69 cm-1, final R = 0.042 and Rw = 0.061. The complexes III and IV were deoxygenated in strongly acidic nonaqueous media to produce [(salen)VOV(salen)]3+ as a high-valent complex whose reversible two-electron redox couple (VOV3+/VOV+) at 0.44V vs Ag/AgCl has been confirmed. Its ability to serve as a two-electron oxidant provided a unique model of a multielectron redox cycle in oxidative polymerization.
Nicholas, John E.,Vaghjiani, Ghanshyam
, (1986)
Morgan, K. J.
, p. 123 - 146 (1954)
Reaction of the closo-decaborate anion B10H 10 2- with dichloroethane in the presence of hydrogen halides
Drozdova,Zhizhin,Malinina,Polyakova,Kuznetsov
, p. 996 - 1001 (2007)
The reactions of the closo-decaborate anion with hydrogen halides and dichloroethane have been studied. Irrespective of the hydrogen halide used (HCl, HBr, HI), chlorination to give mono-, di-, and trihalosubstituted products is the major process. The product ratio depends on the hydrogen halide used and on the synthesis temperature and time. The products have been identified by 11B NMR, IR, and ESI mass spectra. The structure of (Ph 3(NaphCH2)P)2B10H8Cl 2 has been studied by X-ray diffraction. The geometry distortion of the closo-decaborate core found in the chlorinated derivatives is retained on further chemical transformations of the compound.
Griffith,McKeown,Winn
, p. 368,386 (1933)
Chattaway, F. D.,Wadmore, J. D.
, p. 191 - 203 (1902)
Photodissociation of a surface-active species at a liquid surface: A study by time-of-flight spectroscopy
Furlan, Alan
, p. 1550 - 1557 (1999)
The photochemistry at a gas-liquid interface was investigated by time-of-flight/quadrupole mass spectroscopy (TOF/QMS). A thin liquid film of 4-iodobenzoic acid (IBA), dissolved in glycerol, was irradiated with nanosecond laser pulses at 275 nm. Atomic and molecular iodine were the only photoproducts leaving the liquid after a low-fluence laser pulse (2). The amount of released I atoms was 2 orders of magnitude larger than the amount of desorbed I2. Model calculations were carried out that take into account laser photolysis of IBA, diffusion, and surface evaporation of I and I2, and the condensed-phase kinetics of radical reactions. Ejection of hyperthermal I atoms by direct photodissociation of surface layer molecules is also considered. The quantitative analysis is restricted to low laser fluence conditions at which laser-induced heating of the illuminated liquid is negligible. The results of the model calculations were compared to previously obtained TOF data of an alkyl iodide (C18H37I) dissolved in the apolar liquid squalane (C30H62). The velocity distribution of the iodine atoms from the alkyl iodide solution corresponds to the temperature of the liquid (278 K). The contribution of I atoms from depths greater than 1 nm is large (>99%). In contrast, I atoms desorbing from IBA/glycerol are hyperthermal (Ttrans=480 K) and originate almost exclusively from the topmost molecular layer (1 nm). TOF measurements with a fast chopper wheel in front of the surface provide the time-dependent desorption flux from the surface and confirm that the contribution from deeper layers in the alkyl iodide solution is much larger than in the aryl iodide solution. Model calculations predict the behavior of the two solutions correctly if differences in caging of the geminate pair, diffusion coefficients of the free radicals, and the set of bulk radical reactions in the two solutions are taken into account. The hyperthermal energies of the ejected I atoms from the IBA solution are discussed in terms of the surface orientation of excited IBA molecules. The dependence of the TOF spectra on laser power and IBA concentration is interpreted by a surface excess of IBA. The result is compared to temperature-dependent surface tension measurements of IBA solutions in glycerol and water. The response of the surface tension to an accumulation of IBA at the surface is very weak.
Control of Biohazards: A High Performance Energetic Polycyclized Iodine-Containing Biocide
Zhao, Gang,He, Chunlin,Zhou, Wenfeng,Hooper, Joseph P.,Imler, Gregory H.,Parrish, Damon A.,Shreeve, Jean'Ne M.
, p. 8673 - 8680 (2018)
Biohazards and chemical hazards as well as radioactive hazards have always been a threat to human health. The search for solutions to these problems is an ongoing worldwide effort. In order to control biohazards by chemical methods, a synthetically useful fused tricyclic iodine-rich compound, 2,6-diiodo-3,5-dinitro-4,9-dihydrodipyrazolo [1,5-a:5′,1′-d][1,3,5]triazine (5), with good detonation performance was synthesized, characterized, and its properties determined. This compound which acts as an agent defeat weapon has been shown to destroy certain microorganisms effectively by releasing iodine after undergoing decomposition or combustion. The small iodine residues remaining will not be deleterious to human life after 1 month.
Bodenstein, M.,Jost, W.
, p. 1416 - 1416 (1927)
Electron attachment on HI and DI in a uniform supersonic flow: Thermalization of the electrons
Goulay,Rebrion-Rowe,Carles,Le Garrec,Rowe
, p. 1303 - 1308 (2004)
The attachment of electron on HI and DI was studied in the 48-170 K range using the CRESU (Cinetique de Reaction en Ecoulement Supersonic Uniforme) technique. The attachment to HI was found to be exothermic and was expected to be fast and to proceed at a rate closed to the capture limit. The attachment to DI was found to be endothermic, where a positive temperature dependence was expected to occur if the electrons were thermal. A model, based on electron heating by superelastic collisions with the buffer gas was proposed.
Wang, Dianxun,Li, Ying,Li, Sheng,Zhao, Hengqi
, p. 167 - 170 (1994)
Iodobismuthates Containing One-Dimensional BiI4- Anions as Prospective Light-Harvesting Materials: Synthesis, Crystal and Electronic Structure, and Optical Properties
Yelovik, Natalie A.,Mironov, Andrei V.,Bykov, Mikhail A.,Kuznetsov, Alexey N.,Grigorieva, Anastasia V.,Wei, Zheng,Dikarev, Evgeny V.,Shevelkov, Andrei V.
, p. 4132 - 4140 (2016)
Four iodobismuthates, LiBiI4·5H2O (1), MgBi2I8·8H2O (2), MnBi2I8·8H2O (3), and KBiI4·H2O (4), were prepared by a facile solution route and revealed thermal stability in air up to 120 °C. Crystal structures of compounds 1-4 were solved by a single crystal X-ray diffraction method. 1: space group C2/c, a = 12.535(2), b = 16.0294(18), c = 7.6214(9) ?, β = 107.189(11)°, Z = 4, R = 0.029. 2: space group P21/c, a = 7.559(2), b = 13.1225(15), c = 13.927(4) ?, β = 97.14(3)°, Z = 2, R = 0.031. 3: space group P21/c, a = 7.606(3), b = 13.137(3), c = 14.026(5) ?, β = 97.14(3)°, Z = 2, R = 0.056. 4: space group P21/n, a = 7.9050(16), b = 7.7718(16), c = 18.233(4) ?, β = 97.45(3)°, Z = 4, R = 0.043. All solid state structures feature one-dimensional (BiI4)- anionic chains built of [BiI6] octahedra that share two opposite edges in such a fashion that two iodine atoms in cis-positions remain terminal. The calculated electronic structures and observed optical properties confirmed that compounds 1-4 are semiconductors with direct band gaps of 1.70-1.76 eV, which correspond to their intense red color. It was shown that the cations do not affect the optical properties, and the optical absorption is primarily associated with the charge transfer from the I 5p orbitals at the top of the valence band to the Bi 6p orbitals at the bottom of the conduction band. Based on their properties and facile synthesis, the title compounds are proposed as promising light-harvesting materials for all-solid solar cells.
Griffith, R. O.,Keown, A. Mc,Winn, A. G.
, p. 369 - 369 (1933)
Berthoud
, p. 393 (1933)
Linert, Wolfgang
, p. 449 - 456 (1987)
Thermal decomposition of cadmium thiourea coordination compounds
Semenov,Naumov
, p. 495 - 499 (2001)
Thermal decomposition of cadmium thiourea coordination compounds was considered. Cadmium sulfide is the final product for all the compounds, whereas the composition of other products of the thermolysis substantially depends on the nature of the acido ligand or the outer-sphere anion. Thermal stability parameters of the coordination compounds under study and effective activation energies of their thermolysis were determined, and a mechanism of the thermolysis was proposed.
The Reaction of N(24S3/2) with Hydrogen Halides and Deuterium Iodide
Umemoto, Hironobu,Uchida, Teruo,Tsunashima, Shigeru,Sato, Shin
, p. 1641 - 1644 (1987)
The bimolecular rate constants for the reactions of ground state atomic nitrogen with hydrogen halides and deuterium iodide were measured by employing a pulse radiolysis-resonance absorption technique.As for the reactions of hydrogen iodide and deuterium iodide, the temperature dependence was also measured; it was found that the rate constants were well expressed by the following Arrhenius expressions: k(N+HI)=(3.6+/-0.6)E5 exp; k(N+DI)=(1.0+/-0.4) exp, in units of m3mol-1s-1.The preexponential factors for these reactions are much smaller than the semiempirically calculated ones.These small preexponential factors suggest that these reactions proceed non-adiabatically.The rate constants for hydrogen bromide and hydrogen chloride were found to be very small.
Dhar,Bhattacharya,Mukerji
, p. 840 (1933)
Photodecomposition and thermal decomposition in methylammonium halide lead perovskites and inferred design principles to increase photovoltaic device stability
Juarez-Perez, Emilio J.,Ono, Luis K.,Maeda, Maki,Jiang, Yan,Hawash, Zafer,Qi, Yabing
, p. 9604 - 9612 (2018)
Hybrid lead halide perovskites have emerged as promising active materials for photovoltaic cells. Although superb efficiencies have been achieved, it is widely recognized that long-term stability is a key challenge intimately determining the future development of perovskite-based photovoltaic technology. Herein, we present reversible and irreversible photodecomposition reactions of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3). Simulated sunlight irradiation and temperature (40-80 °C) corresponding to solar cell working conditions lead to three degradation pathways: (1) CH3NH2 + HI (identified as the reversible path), (2) NH3 + CH3I (the irreversible or detrimental path), and (3) a reversible Pb(0) + I2(g) photodecomposition reaction. If only the reversible reactions (1) and (3) take place and reaction (2) can be avoided, encapsulated MAPbI3 can be regenerated during the off-illumination timeframe. Therefore, to further improve operational stability in hybrid perovskite solar cells, detailed understanding of how to mitigate photodegradation and thermal degradation processes is necessary. First, encapsulation of the device is necessary not only to avoid contact of the perovskite with ambient air, but also to prevent leakage of volatile products released from the perovskite. Second, careful selection of the organic cations in the compositional formula of the perovskite is necessary to avoid irreversible reactions. Third, selective contacts must be as chemically inert as possible toward the volatile released products. Finally, hybrid halide perovskite materials are speculated to undergo a dynamic formation and decomposition process; this can gradually decrease the crystalline grain size of the perovskite with time; therefore, efforts to deposit highly crystalline perovskites with large crystal sizes may fail to increase the long-term stability of photovoltaic devices.
Durup-Ferguson, M.,Brenot, J. C.,Fayeton, J. A.,Provost, K.,Barat, M.
, p. 389 - 398 (1987)
Regio- And Stereoselective Hydroiodination of Internal Alkynes with Ex Situ-Generated HI
Nozawa-Kumada, Kanako,Noguchi, Koto,Akada, Tomoya,Shigeno, Masanori,Kondo, Yoshinori
supporting information, p. 6659 - 6663 (2021/09/08)
Herein, we report an efficient and practical hydroiodination of internal alkynes using HI generated ex situ from the readily available triethylsilane and I2. This system offers high regio- and stereoselectivity to afford (E)-vinyl iodides in good yields under mild conditions. Furthermore, the hydroiodination reaction shows high functional group tolerance toward alkyl, methoxy, halogen, trifluoromethyl, cyano, ester, halomethyl, acid-sensitive silyl ether, and acetal moieties.