989-51-5

Basic information

• Product Name: (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate
• Synonyms: TEA CATECHIN;(2R,3R)-2-(3,4,5-TRIHYDROXYPHENYL)-3,4-DIHYDRO-1(2H)-BENZOPYRAN-3,5,7-TRIOL 3-(3,4,5-TRIHYDROXYBENZOATE);3,4-DIHYDRO-5,7-DIHYDROXY-2R-(3,4,5-TRIHYDROXYPHENYL)-2H-1-BENZOPYRAN-3R-YL-3,4,5-TRIHYDROXY-BENZOATE;(-)-CIS-3,3',4',5,5',7-HEXAHYDROXY-FLAVANE-3-GALLATE;(-)-CIS-2-(3,4,5-TRIHYDROXYPHENYL)-3,4-DIHYDRO-1(2H)-BENZOPYRAN-3,5,7-TRIOL 3-GALLATE;(-)-CIS-3,4-DIHYDRO-5,7-DIHYDROXY-2-(3,4,5-TRIHYDROXYPHENYL)-1(2H)-BENZOPYRAN-3-YL GALLATE HYDRATE;(-)-EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE;EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE
• CAS NO: 989-51-5
• Molecular Formula: C₂₂H₁₈O₁₁
• Molecular Weight: 458.37
• EINECS: 479-560-7
• Product Categories: Pharmaceutical Raw Materials;Catechins & Tannins;All Inhibitors;Antioxidant;Biochemistry;Flavonoids;Standard extract;Natural Plant Extract;Inhibitors;Amyloid beta-peptide and related;Aromatics;Heterocycles;ProteasomeInhibitors;Plant extracts;Herb extract;Inhibitor;chemical reagent;pharmaceutical intermediate;phytochemical;reference standards from Chinese medicinal herbs (TCM).;standardized herbal extract
• Mol File: 989-51-5.mol

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: 222-224°C
• Boiling Point: 909.1 °C at 760 mmHg
• Flash Point: 320 °C
• Appearance: Solid
• Density: 1.9 g/cm³
• Vapor Pressure: 3.71E-35mmHg at 25°C
• Refractive Index: -175.5 ° (C=1, EtOH)
• Storage Temp.: 2-8°C
• Solubility: H2O: ≥5mg/mL, clear
• PKA: 7.75±0.25(Predicted)
• Water Solubility: Soluble in ethanol, dimethyl formamide, water.
• Stability: Stable, but may be light sensitive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
• Merck: 14,3526
• CAS DataBase Reference: (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate(989-51-5)
• EPA Substance Registry System: (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate(989-51-5)

Safety Data

• Safety Statements: 24/25
• WGK Germany: 2
• RTECS: KB5200000
• F: 10-23
• Hazardous Substances Data: 989-51-5(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Hazard

Moderately toxic by ingestion.

Biological Activity

(-)-epigallocatechin gallate (egcg), the major catechin accounting for 59% of the total catechins in green tea, is a powerful antioxidant as well as an antiangiogenic and antitumor agent. egcg has been studied for its role in the chemoprevention of a wild range of cancers, including liver, stomach, skin, lung, mammary gland and colon cancers. study results show that egcg is able to induce apoptosis, promote cell growth arrest and block carcinogenesis by affecting signal transduction pathways. moreover, egcg exhibits inhibition against a variety of viruses, including hcv, hiv-1, hbv, hsv-1, hsv-2, ebv, adenovirus, influenza virus and enterovirus, as well as several enzymes, including dnmts, proteases and dhfr.singh bn, shankar s, srivastava rk. green tea catechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg): mechanisms, perspectives and clinical applications. biochem pharmacol. 2011; 82(12):1807-1821.steinmann j, buer j, pietschmann t, steinmann e. anti-infective properties of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg), a component of green tea. br j pharmacol. 2013; 168(5):1059-1073

Biochem/physiol Actions

(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), an antioxidant polyphenol flavonoid exerts anti-tumor properties by inhibiting telomerase and DNA methyltransferase activity. EGCG inhibits the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9 and reduces the invasiveness. EGCG blocks the activation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2). EGCG increases bone mineral density and reduces bone resorption. EGCG inhibits osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand (RANKL) induced nuclear factor κ B (NF-κB) transcriptional activity. EGCG reduces skeletal muscle atrophy. EGCG has anti-aging property and increases myogenic differentiation. EGCG inhibits fatty acid synthase and glutamate dehydrogenase activity.

Anticancer Research

EGCG and EGC are the active polyphenol compounds found in green tea, found toinhibit p-glycoprotein transport activities in Chinese hamster ovary (p-gp+) cells.EGCG facilitates the retraction of MDR phenotype by reducing cellular drug effluxwhen given in combination with vinblastine or doxorubicin. Hesperetin, quercetin,daidzein, silymarin, naringenin, and resveratrol also inhibit the MRP1, MRP4, andMRP5 (Kawasaki et al. 2008). Curcumin increases the cellular accumulation ofanticancer agents like cisplatin, tamoxifen, daunorubicin, vincristine, anddoxorubicin and thereby effectively sensitizes the drug-resistant cancer cells. Areduction in MDR1B expression in L1210/Adr cells (mouse leukemic MDR cells)by curcumin is mediated by PI3K, Akt, and NF-κB pathways. It also inhibits theABCG2 transporter activity. In addition curcumin facilitates the accumulation ofmitoxantrone and doxorubicin in ABCG2-expressing HEK cells and hence reversesMDR (Kawasaki et al. 2008; Dandawate et al. 2013).

Anticancer Research

EGCG is an ester of gallic acid and epigallocatechin and is a catechin compound(Murakami et al. 1996). It is found most abundantly in green tea. It can be used to treat brain, prostate, cervical, and bladder cancers (Wang et al. 2012). It suppressesthe ornithine decarboxylase action, an enzyme that leads to rapid proliferation andfurthermore circumvents apoptosis (Singh et al. 2016a). It suppresses nuclear factor(NF-κB) activation and expression of Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) as well as COX-2(cyclooxygenase-2) in prostate cancer cells and causes induction of apoptosis. Ithamper the matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) activation in bladder and lungcancer cells and suppresses the synthesis of VGEF (vascular endothelial growthfactor) in head and neck cancers. It prevents ERK (extracellular signal-regulatedkinase) phosphorylation and MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation and suppresses ERK,c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and MMP-9 expressions in gastric carcinoma cells(Singh et al. 2016a). It is binding and inhibits the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL,interferes with EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) signaling, and inhibitshepatocyte growth factor-induced cell proliferation and MAPK (mitogen-activatedprotein kinase), CDK (cyclin-dependent kinase), and cell signaling linked to growthfactors (Wang et al. 2012; Du et al. 2012).Green tea constitutes the rich amount of EGCG which aids in cancer chemoprevention(Fujiki et al. 1998). EGCG improved the impacts of ginseng compoundin the restraint of colon tumor cell development, showing that green tea could bea successful synergist with an anticancer agent for malignancy chemoprevention.It obstructs the PDGF-initiated proliferation and migration of rodent pancreaticstellate cells (Masamune et al. 2005). The soluble and plasma membrane-integratedEGCG straightforwardly communicates with PDGF-BB and in this wayputs off precise receptor binding promoting the inhibitory impacts of EGCG onplatelet-derivedgrowth factor-incited cell signaling and mitogens (Weber et al.2004).

InChI:InChI=1/C22H18O11/c23-10-5-12(24)11-7-18(33-22(31)9-3-15(27)20(30)16(28)4-9)21(32-17(11)6-10)8-1-13(25)19(29)14(26)2-8/h1-6,18,21,23-30H,7H2/t18-,21-/m1/s1

Upstream product

• 121795-67-3 assamicain C 
• 121795-66-2 assamicain A 
• 121844-27-7 assamicain B 
• 126715-91-1 epicatechin 3-O-gallate-(4β->6)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate 
• 100-53-8 phenylmethanethiol 
• 402493-24-7 3,4,5-Trihydroxy-benzoic acid (2R,3S,4S)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-phenylsulfanyl-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-phenyl)-chroman-3-yl ester 
• 108-98-5 thiophenol 
• 332386-77-3 (-)-(2R,3R)-cis-5,7-bis(benzyloxy)-2-[3,4,5-tris(benzyloxy)phenyl]chroman-3-yl 3,4,5-tris(benzyloxy)benzoate 
• 95-54-5 1,2-diamino-benzene 
• 225793-49-7 EGCg quinone dimer A 
• 86588-88-7 (2R,2''R,3R,3''R,4R)-[4,8]-2,3-cis-3,4-trans-(-)-epigallocatechin-(-)-epigallocatechin-3''-O-gallate 
• 1486-48-2 3,4,5-tribenzyloxybenzoic acid 
• 1486-47-1 3,4,5-tris(benzyloxy)benzoyl chloride 
• 332386-74-0 (-)-(2R,3R)-cis-5,7-bis(benzyloxy)-2-[3,4,5-tris(benzyloxy)phenyl]chroman-3-ol 

Downstream Products

• 1707-75-1 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine 
• 5146-12-3 purpurogallin-4-carboxylic acid 
• 102067-92-5 epitheaflagallin 3-O-gallate 
• 116310-05-5 oolongtheanine 
• 1236228-58-2 theasinensin C 
• 1171821-21-8 LDN-0096693 
• 208515-36-0 LDN-0096568 
• 126715-90-0 epicatechin 3-O-gallate-(4β->8)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate 
• 121795-70-8 3,4,5-Trihydroxy-benzoic acid (1R,2R)-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxy-benzyl)-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-phenyl)-2-[(2R,3S)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-phenyl)-chroman-6-yl]-ethyl ester 
• 121795-67-3 assamicain C 
• 121795-66-2 assamicain A 
• 121844-27-7 assamicain B 
• 117058-42-1 oolongtheanin 3'-O-gallate 
• 145643-84-1 isoamyl gallate 3-O-sulfate 

Relevant articles and documents

Study on in Vitro Preparation and Taste Properties of N-Ethyl-2-Pyrrolidinone-Substituted Flavan-3-Ols

N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-substituted flavan-3-ols (EPSFs) were prepared by an in vitro model reaction, and the taste thresholds of EPSFs and their dose-over-threshold factors in large-leaf yellow tea (LYT) were investigated. The effects of initial reactant

The oxidation of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line HPB-ALL: Via the regulation of Notch1 expression

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological malignancy, and commonly associated with activating mutations in the Notch1 pathway. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant and active catechin and has been shown to regulate Notch signaling. Taking into account the highly oxidizable and unstable of EGCG, we proposed that EGCG oxides may have greater potential to regulate Notch signaling than EGCG. In this study, we isolated and identified EGCG oxides (compound 2-4), using a chemical oxidation strategy, and evaluated for cytotoxicity against T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line (HPB-ALL) by using the MTS assay. We found compound 3 significantly induced cell proliferation inhibition (38.3858 ± 1.67106 μM), cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in a dose-dependent manner. Remarkably, compound 3 inhibited expression of Notch1 compared with EGCG in HPB-ALL cells. Meanwhile, we found that compound 3 significantly inhibited c-Myc and Hes1, which are downstream target genes of Notch1. The findings demonstrate for the first time that an oxidation product of EGCG (compound 3) inhibits T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line (HPB-ALL) and is a promising agent for cancer therapy deserving further research.

Molecular Mechanism by Which Tea Catechins Decrease the Micellar Solubility of Cholesterol

Tea polyphenols lower the levels of cholesterol in the blood by decreasing the cholesterol micellar solubility. To clarify this mechanism, the interactions between taurocholic acid and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) and its derivatives were investigated. 13C NMR studies revealed remarkable chemical-shift changes for the carbonyl carbon atom and the 1″- and 4″-positions in the galloyl moiety. Furthermore, 1H NMR studies using (-)-EGCg derivatives showed that the number of hydroxyl groups on the B ring did not affect these interactions, whereas the carbonyl carbon atom and the aromatic ring of the galloyl moiety had remarkable effects. The configuration at the 2- and 3-positions of the catechin also influenced these interactions, with the trans-configuration resulting in stronger inhibition activity than the cis-configuration. Additionally, a 1:1 component ratio for the catechin-taurocholic acid complex was determined by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. These molecular mechanisms contribute to the development of cholesterol-absorption inhibitors.

Oxidation derivative of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by suppressing RANK signaling pathways in RAW 264.7 cells

Tea consumption has positive effects on the skeletal system and prevents postmenopausal osteoporosis, mainly by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. In green tea, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant and active compound and has been shown to inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclast formation. Taking into account the highly oxidizable and unstable nature of EGCG, we hypothesized that EGCG oxidation product exhibits greater anti-osteoclastogenesis potential than EGCG. In this study, we successfully isolated and identified an EGCG oxidation derivative, (-)-gallocatechin gallate (compound 2), using a chemical oxidation strategy. We then compared the ability of compound 2 and EGCG to inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW 264.7 cells. The results of TRAP staining and F-actin ring immunofluorescent staining showed that compound 2 exhibits stronger inhibition of RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and F-actin ring formation, respectively, than EGCG. Additionally, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting analyses showed that compound 2 significantly and more strongly inhibited the expression of osteoclastogenesis-related marker genes and proteins, including c-Src, TRAP, cathepsin K, β3-Integrin, and MMP-9, compared with EGCG. Furthermore, compound 2 significantly suppressed RANKL-induced expression of NFATc1 and c-Fos, the master transcriptional regulators of osteoclastogenesis, more strongly than EGCG. Mechanistically, molecular interaction assays showed that compound 2 binds to RANK with high affinity (KD = 189 nM) and blocks RANKL–RANK interactions, thereby suppressing RANKL-induced early RANK signaling pathways including p65, JNK, ERK, and p38 in osteoclast precursors. Taken together, this study demonstrates for the first time that an oxidation derivative of EGCG (compound 2) inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by suppressing RANK signaling pathways in RAW 264.7 cells.

Oligomerization mechanism of tea catechins during tea roasting

Roasting of green tea causes oligomerization of tea catechins, which decreases the astringency. The aim of this study was to elucidate the oligomerization mechanism. The 13C NMR spectrum of the oligomer fraction showed signals arising from catechin and sugar residues. Heating of epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate with 13C-labeled glucose (150 °C for 2 h) suggested that condensation of sugars with catechin A-rings caused the oligomerization. The dimeric product obtained by heating for a shorter period (30 min) suggested cross-linking occurred between sugars and catechin A-rings. Furthermore, heating of phloroglucinol, a catechin A-ring mimic, with glucose, methylglyoxal, and dihydroxyacetone, confirmed that the basic mechanism included reaction of the catechin A-ring methine carbons with carbonyl carbons of glucose and their pyrolysis products.

METHODS OF TREATING COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL IMPAIRMENT IN DOWN SYNDROME AND ALZHEIMERS DISEASE PATIENTS

The present invention relates to methods of treating cognitive and behavioral impairment in Down syndrome and/or Alzheimer's disease patients, Alzheimer's disease, neurodegenerative disease, cancer, DYRK1A-mediated disorders and methods of modulating and inhibiting DYRK1-A comprising use of catechins.

Reagent-controlled stereoselective synthesis of (±)-gallo- and (±)-epigallo-catechin gallates

Synthesis of (±)-gallocatechin and (±)-epigallocatechin gallates by electrophilic cycloarylation is reported. The precursors for cyclization were prepared by reagent-controlled stereo-selective opening of epoxide with phenol. Activation of the S-oxidized S,O-acetal enabled electrophilic cycloarylation to stereoselectively provide the acylated catechins.

Semisynthesis of fluoro-substituted benzoates of Epi-gallocatechin

In the present study, four fluoro-substituted benzoates of epi-gallocatechin (EGC) were prepared through a semisynthetic strategy, and the yield of benzylation of epi-gallocatechin gallate (-)-EGCG was improved by using freshly purified (-)-EGCG as starting material and a mild base of K 2CO3. All structures of new compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and optical rotation.

Isolation of two new bioactive proanthocyanidins from Cistus salvifolius herb extract

Two new proanthocyanidins, epigallocatechin-3-O-p-hydroxybenzoate- (4β→8)-epigallocatechin (1) and epigallocatechin-3-O-p- hydroxybenzoate-(4β→8)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (2) in addition to the known compound epigallocatechin-(4β→6)-epigallocatechin-3-O- gallate (3), were isolated from the air-dried herb of Cistus salvifolius. The chemical structures were determined on the basis of 1D-and 2D-NMR-spectra (HSQC, HMBC) of their peracetylated derivatives, MALDI-TOF-mass spectra, and by acid-catalysed degradation with phloroglucinol. The isolated compounds 1-3 and the water extract of C. salvifolius herb were tested for their inhibitory activities against COX-1 and COX-2. Compound 2 showed the strongest inhibitory effect on COX-2 followed by compound 3, compound 1 and the water extract, while compounds 1-3 exhibited moderate in vitro inhibition against COX-1.

High molecular weight persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) proanthocyanidin: A highly galloylated, a-linked tannin with an unusual flavonol terminal unit, myricetin

MALDI-TOF MS suggested that the high molecular weight proanthocyanidin (condensed tannin) from persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) pulp comprised a heteropolyflavanol series with flavan-3-O-galloylated extenders, flavan-3-ol and flavonol terminal units, and A-type interflavan linkages. Thiolysis-HPLC-ESI-MS with DAD, electrochemical, and ESI-MS detection confirmed a previously unreported terminal unit, the flavonol myricetin, in addition to the typical flavan-3-ols catechin and epigallocatechin gallate. The extender units were epicatechin, epigallocatechin, (epi)gallocatechin-3-O-gallate, and (epi)catechin-3-O-gallate. The crude tannin had a high prodelphinidin content (65%) and a high degree of 3-O-galloylation (72%). The material was fractionated on Toyopearl TSK-HW-50-F to yield fractions distinguished by degree of polymerization (DP). Thiolysis suggested that the persimmon tannin was composed of polymers ranging from 7 to 20 kDa (DP 19-47), but sizes estimated by GPC were 50-70% smaller. The crude material was chemically degraded with acid to yield products that were amenable to NMR and ESI-MS analysis, which were used to establish for the first time that persimmon tannin has a mixture of B-type and A-type linkages. 2010 American Chemical Society.