13886-01-6Relevant articles and documents
Discovery of a potent non-oxime reactivator of nerve agent inhibited human acetylcholinesterase
de Koning, Martijn Constantijn,Horn, Gabriele,Worek, Franz,van Grol, Marco
, p. 151 - 160 (2018/08/10)
Organophosphorous (OP) compounds (such as nerve agents) inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by covalent phosphylation of a key serine residue in the active site of the enzyme resulting in severe symptoms and ultimately death. OP intoxications are currently treated by administration of certain oxime compounds. The presently fielded oximes reactivate OP-inhibited AChE by liberating the phosphylated serine. Recent research towards new reactivators was predominantly devoted to design, synthesis and evaluation of new oxime-based compounds dedicated to overcoming some of the major limitations such as their intrinsic toxicity, their permanent charge which thwarts penetration of brain tissues and their inability to effectively reactivate all types of nerve agent inhibited AChEs. However, in over six decades of research only limited success has been achieved, indicating that there is a need for alternative classes of compounds that could reactivate OP-inhibited AChE. Recently, a number of non-oxime compounds was discovered in which the 4-amino-2-((diethylamino)methyl)phenol (ADOC) motif proved to be able to reactivate OP-inhibited AChE to some extent. In this paper several structural derivatives of ADOC were synthesized and screened for their ability to reactivate human AChE (hAChE) inhibited by the nerve agents VX, sarin, tabun, cyclosarin and paraoxon. We here disclose that one of those compounds showed a remarkable ability to reactivate OP-inhibited hAChE in vitro and that it is the most potent non-oxime reported to date.
Pyrido[3,2-b]indol-4-yl-amines - Synthesis and investigation of activity against malaria
Goerlitzer,Kramer,Meyer,Walter,Jomaa,Wiesner
, p. 243 - 250 (2007/10/03)
Starting with 3-aminoindole-2-carboxylic acid ester 1 the annulated pyrido[3,2-b]indoles 6 and 8 were synthesized as key substances. The 4-chloropyridine derivative 8 reacted with the phenol Mannich bases 11 and the novaldiamine base 13, respectively, to yield the amodiaquine and cycloquine analogues 12 as well as the chloroquine analogue 14. The stability of the compounds 12 and 14 were proven by the half wave potentials measured by differential pulse voltammetry. Compounds 12 and 14 were tested for in vitro antimalarial activity using a chloroquine sensitive and a chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain. The highest activity was shown by 12g with IC 50 values of 50 nM and 38 nM, respectively. The in vivo activity of 12g was tested in Plasmodium vinckei infected mice resulting in ED50 values of 22 mg/kg and 26 mg/kg after intraperitoneal and oral administration, respectively.
Synthesis of new arylaminoquinoxalines and their antimalarial activity in mice
Rangisetty,Gupta,Prasad,Srinivas,Sridhar,Parimoo,Veeranjaneyulu
, p. 1409 - 1413 (2007/10/03)
2-Arylaminoquinoxalines were prepared by the condensation of 2-chloroquinoxaline with the appropriate Mannich bases in the presence of HCI. To synthesize the Mannich bases, 4-acetamidophenol was reacted with formaldehyde and dialkylamine to yield 3-[(dial
