103-90-2Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Enhanced catalytic activity of natural hematite-supported ppm levels of Pd in nitroarenes reduction
Gholinejad, Mohammad,Shojafar, Mohammad,Sansano, José M.
, p. 2033 - 2043 (2020)
In this work, Pd NPs supported on amine-modified natural hematite have been prepared and characterized. Using this simple catalyst, nitroaromatic compounds as a major cause of industrial pollution were reduced to corresponding amines with ppm levels of Pd in the presence of designer surfactant TPGS-750-M and NaBH4 at room temperature in aqueous media. Synergistic effect between hematite and Pd is responsible for the observed enhanced catalytic activity. This catalyst was recycled for at least four times with a small decrease in the activity.
Influence of medium and temperature on the hydrolysis kinetics of propacetamol hydrochloride: Determination using derivative spectrophotometry
Barcia, Emilia,Martin, Alicia,Azuara, Ma. Luz,Negro, Sofia
, p. 277 - 280 (2005)
Propacetamol hydrochloride (PRO) is a water-soluble prodrug of paracetamol (PA) which can be parenterally administered as analgesic for the treatment of postoperative pain, acute trauma, and gastric and/or intestinal disorders where oral administration is not possible. In these circumstances, PRO can be administered in physiologic or glucose solutions since it is rapidly and quantitatively hydrolyzed into PA by plasma estearases. We have studied the degradation kinetics of PRO in 5% glucose and 0.9% saline solutions at 4 °C and 25 °C (storage and room temperatures, respectively). The analytic technique used to determine PRO and PA quantitatively was first-derivative spectrophotometry. The degradation process of PRO can be best fitted to a second-order kinetics with independence of the medium used (saline or glucose solution). The hydrolysis kinetics of PRO conversion into PA depends on the temperature but not on the assay medium (saline or glucose solution). The degradation rate constants obtained for PRO were approximately 4.5 times higher at 25 °C than at 4 °C. The values of t90% for PRO were 3.17 h and 3.61 h at 25 °C, and 13.42 h and 12.36 h at 4 °C when the tests were performed in 5% glucose and 0.9% saline solutions, respectively.
Subphthalocyanines: Addressing water-solubility, nano-encapsulation and activation for optical imaging of B16 melanoma cells
Bernhard, Yann,Winckler, Pascale,Chassagnon, Remi,Richard, Philippe,Gigot, lodie,Perrier-Cornet, Jean-Marie,Decrau, Richard A.
, p. 13975 - 13978 (2014)
Water-soluble disulfonato-subphthalocyanines (SubPcs) or hydrophobic nano-encapsulated SubPcs are efficient probes for the fluorescence imaging of cells. 20 nm large liposomes (TEM and DLS) incorporated about 13% SubPc. Moreover, some of these fluorophores were found to be pH activatable.
Regioselective preparation of 5-hydroxypropranolol and 4′-hydroxydiclofenac with a fungal peroxygenase
Kinne, Matthias,Poraj-Kobielska, Marzena,Aranda, Elisabet,Ullrich, Rene,Hammel, Kenneth E.,Scheibner, Katrin,Hofrichter, Martin
, p. 3085 - 3087 (2009)
An extracellular peroxygenase of Agrocybe aegerita catalyzed the H2O2-dependent hydroxylation of the multi-function beta-adrenergic blocker propranolol (1-naphthalen-1-yloxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol) and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (2-[2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino]phenyl]acetic acid) to give the human drug metabolites 5-hydroxypropranolol (5-OHP) and 4′-hydroxydiclofenac (4′-OHD). The reactions proceeded regioselectively with high isomeric purity and gave the desired 5-OHP and 4′-OHD in yields up to 20% and 65%, respectively. 18O-labeling experiments showed that the phenolic hydroxyl groups in 5-OHP and 4′-OHD originated from H2O2, which establishes that the reaction is mechanistically a peroxygenation. Our results raise the possibility that fungal peroxygenases may be useful for versatile, cost-effective, and scalable syntheses of drug metabolites.
Preparation of β-cyclodextrin functionalized reduced graphene oxide: Application for electrochemical determination of paracetamol
Fu, Li,Lai, Guosong,Yu, Aimin
, p. 76973 - 76978 (2015)
β-Cyclodextrin functionalized reduced graphene oxide (β-CD/RGO) was successfully prepared using a simple wet chemical method. The β-CD/RGO nanohybrid was characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, TEM and SEM. The results confirmed that β-CD had effectively covered the RGO surface. The β-CD/RGO nanohybrid modified glassy carbon electrode was employed for the sensitive electrochemical determination of paracetamol. Cyclic voltammetry measurements indicated that β-CD/RGO could significantly enhance the electrochemical response of paracetamol due to the outstanding electronic properties of RGO sheets and the high supramolecular recognition and enrichment capability of β-CD. The experimental factors were investigated and optimized. Under optimized conditions, the amperometric oxidation currents of paracetamol were linearly proportional to the concentration in the range of 0.01 to 0.8 mM with a detection limit of 2.3 μM (S/N = 3). Furthermore, the proposed sensor exhibited an excellent anti-interference property and acceptable reproducibility.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Aspirin by Transacetylation of 4-Aminophenol
Verma, Krishna K.,Jain, Archana
, p. 821 - 824 (1986)
Aspirin transacetylates 4-aminophenol, yielding acetaminophen (N-acetyl-4-aminophenol), which can be determined by its oxidation to an orange-yellow product either by iodylbenzene in acetone when the absorbance is measured at 430 nm or by photometric titration with 2-iodylbenzoate in acetone-water medium at 444 nm.Salicylic acid, salicylamide, oxyphenbutazone, caffeine, and sodium hydrogen carbonate do not interfere.Drug mixtures of acetaminophen and aspirin have been analyzed by determining acetaminophen alone directly with iodyl reagents and then determining acetaminophen plus aspirin after 4-aminophenol reaction; aspirin is found b y difference
Assessment of cytochrome P450 (1A2, 2B6, 2C9 and 3A4) induction in cryopreserved human hepatocytes cultured in 48-well plates using the cocktail strategy
Gerin, Brigitte,Dell'aiera, Sylvie,Richert, Lysiane,Smith, Steven,Chanteux, Hugues
, p. 320 - 335 (2013)
1. A fast, straightforward and cost-effective assay was validated for the assessment of CYP induction in cryopreserved human hepatocytes cultured in 48-well plates. The cocktail strategy (in situ incubation) was used to assess the induction of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 by using the recommended probe substrate, i.e. phenacetin, bupropion, diclofenac and midazolam, respectively. 2. Cryopreserved human hepatocytes were treated for 72 h with prototypical reference inducers, β-naphthoflavone (25 μM), phenobarbital (500 μM) and rifampicin (10 μM) as positive controls for CYP induction. The use of a cocktail strategy has been validated and compared to the classical approach (single incubation). The need of using phase II inhibitor (salicylamide) in CYP induction assay was also investigated. 3. By using three different batches of cryopreserved human hepatocytes and our conditions of incubations, we showed that there was no relevant drug-drug interaction using the cocktail strategy. The same conclusions were observed when a broad range of enzyme activity has to be assessed (wide range of reference inducers, i.e. EC50-Emax experiment). In addition, the interassay reproducibility assessment showed that the day-to-day variability was minimal. 4. In summary, the study showed that the conditions used (probe substrates, concentration of probe substrate and time of incubation) for the cocktail approach were appropriate for investigations of CYP induction potential of new chemical entities. In addition, it was also clear that the use of salicylamide in the incubation media was not mandatory and could generate drug-drug interactions. For this reason, we recommend to not use salicylamide in CYP induction assay.
Oxidation of human cytochrome P450 1A2 substrates by Bacillus megaterium cytochrome P450 BM3
Kim, Dong-Hyun,Kim, Keon-Hee,Kim, Dooil,Jung, Heung-Chae,Pan, Jae-Gu,Chi, Youn-Tai,Ahn, Taeho,Yun, Chul-Ho
, p. 179 - 187 (2010)
Cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s or CYPs) are good candidates for biocatalysis in the production of fine chemicals, including pharmaceuticals. Despite the potential use of mammalian P450s in various fields of biotechnology, these enzymes are not suitable as biocatalysts due to their low stability, low catalytic activity, and limited availability. Recently, wild-type and mutant forms of bacterial P450 BM3 (CYP102A1) from Bacillus megaterium have been found to metabolize various. It has therefore been suggested that CYP102A1 may be used to generate the metabolites of drugs and drug candidates. In this report, we show that the oxidation reactions of typical human CYP1A2 substrates (phenacetin, ethoxyresorufin, and methoxyresorufin) are catalyzed by both wild-type and mutant forms of CYP102A1. In the case of phenacetin, CYP102A1 enzymes show only O-deethylation product, even though two major products are produced as a result of O-deethylation and 3-hydroxylation reactions by human CYP1A2. Formation of the metabolites was confirmed by HPLC analysis and LC-MS to compare the metabolites with the actual biological metabolites produced by human CYP1A2. The results demonstrate that CYP102A1 mutants can be used for cost-effective and scalable production of human CYP1A2 drug metabolites. Our computational findings suggest that a conformational change in the cavity size of the active sites of the mutants is dependent on activity change. The modeling results further suggest that the activity change results from the movement of several specific residues in the active sites of the mutants.
Identification of human cytochrome P450s that metabolise anti-parasitic drugs and predictions of in vivo drug hepatic clearance from in vitro data
Li, Xue-Qing,Bjoerkman, Anders,Andersson, Tommy B.,Gustafsson, Lars L.,Masimirembwa, Collen
, p. 429 - 442 (2003)
Objective: Knowledge about the metabolism of anti-parasitic drugs (APDs) will be helpful in ongoing efforts to optimise dosage recommendations in clinical practise. This study was performed to further identify the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes that metabolise major APDs and evaluate the possibility of predicting in vivo drug clearances from in vitro data. Methods: In vitro systems, rat and human liver microsomes (RLM, HLM) and recombinant cytochrome P450 (rCYP), were used to determine the intrinsic clearance (CLint) and identify responsible CYPs and their relative contribution in the metabolism of 15 commonly used APDs. Results and discussion: CLint determined in RLM and HLM showed low (r2=0.50) but significant (Pint values were scaled to predict in vivo hepatic clearance (CLH) using the 'venous equilibrium model'. The number of compounds with in vivo human CL data after intravenous administration was low (n=8), and the range of CL values covered by these compounds was not appropriate for a reasonable quantitative in vitro-in vivo correlation analysis. Using the CLH predicted from the in vitro data, the compounds could be classified into three different categories: high-clearance drugs (> 70% liver blood flow; amodiaquine, praziquantel, albendazole, thiabendazole), low-clearance drugs (int drug categories. The identified CYPs for some of the drugs provide a basis for how these drugs are expected to behave pharmacokinetically and help in predicting drug-drug interactions in vivo.
SELECTIVE ACYLATIONS OF AMINOPHENOLS AND HYDROXYALKYLPHENOLS WITH 1-ACETYL-v-TRIAZOLOPYRIDINE.
Paradisi, Mario Paglialunga,Zecchini, Giampiero Pagani,Torrini, Ines
, p. 5029 - 5032 (1986)
The title triazolide serves as a convenient reagent for highly chemoselective acetylations of aminophenols and hydroxyalkylphenols.
