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29883-15-6

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29883-15-6 Usage

Uses and Synthetic Methods of Amygdalin

Amygdalin is a β-cyano-glycoside in the bitter almond that is bound to cyano (CN), which releases free cyano groups after eating the bitter almond, so that the food is poisoned. Amygdalin is a product of the metabolism of phenylalanine in the bitter almond. Amygdalin has β-glucosidase and amygdalinase (oxynitrilase): the former catalyzed amygdalin into two molecules of glucose and one molecule of amygdalenone through hydrolysis; the later catalyzes mandelonitrile into almond nitrile cyanide (HCN) and benzaldehyde through hydrolysis. Amygdalin exists in seeds, such as almonds. Many plant root cells contain glycosides, with no toxic effect when in sugar type. Glycosides hydrolysis produce toxic substances leading to cell death. Mandelic glycosides contained in peach root is a glycoside. Amylose hydrolysis produce two kinds of plant toxins-hydrogen cyanide and benzaldehyde. Peeling root lesion formation and necrosis occurred in the vicinity of the stabbed nematode but not in contact zone; in addition, in vitro tests have proved that the pratylenchus penetrans can make amygdalin hydrolysis. As a cyanide containing glucoside, it can be used as a substrate for such as maltase, almond casein and β-glucosidase identification, differentiation and characterization.

Category

Toxic substances

Toxicity classification

Highly toxic

Acute toxicity

Acute toxicity Oral-Rat LD50: 522 mg/kg; Oral-mouse LD50: 443 mg/kg

Flammability Hazardous properties

Combustible; producing toxic nitrogen oxides when heated.

Storage and transportation

Ventilation, low temperature, drying

Fire extinguishing agent

Dry powder, foam, sand, carbon dioxide

Description

Amygdalin is a cyanogenic glycoside that has been found in seeds from plants of the Rosaceae family and has diverse biological activities. It induces cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, decreases cyclin A and Cdk2 levels, and inhibits cell growth in UMUC-3, RT112, and TCCSUP bladder cancer cells when used at concentrations ranging from 1.25 to 10 mg/ml. Amygdalin (3 mg/kg) reduces the number of primary microtubules and microvessels in aortic rings isolated from rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin . In vivo, amygdalin reduces triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL levels and aortic sinus plaque area in an LDLR-/- mouse model of atherosclerosis. It also reduces production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, as well as neutrophil and macrophage infiltration, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in a mouse model of LPS-induced acute lung injury.

Chemical Properties

WHITE FINE CRYSTALLINE POWDER

Uses

Different sources of media describe the Uses of 29883-15-6 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. antiinflammatory, experimental antineoplastic
2. Amygdalin, a cyanide containing glycoside, may be used as a substrate to identify, differentiate and characterize enzymes such as maltase(s), emulsin(s) and β-glucosidase(s).
3. A cyanogenic glycoside occurring in seeds of Rosaceae, principally in bitter almonds and peach and apricot pits. Some time ago it was said to be effective in the treatment of cancer, but controlled clinical trials repeatedly failed to confirm such claims.

Definition

ChEBI: An amygdalin in which the stereocentre on the cyanohydrin function has R-configuration.

World Health Organization (WHO)

Laetrile, which consists mainly of amydgalin, a glycoside extracted from the kernels of apricots, peaches and other fruits, has been available for over 30 years in preparations purporting to be beneficial in the treatment of cancer. Although there is no evidence that these are efficacious, preparations continued to be widely used and, until the late 1970s, they were considered to be harmless. However, oral dosage forms, which may be broken down in the gut to hydrogen cyanide, have subsequently been shown to be potentially lethal. This has resulted in restrictive regulatory measures in several countries.

General Description

This substance is a primary reference substance with assigned absolute purity (considering chromatographic purity, water, residual solvents, inorganic impurities). The exact value can be found on the certificate. Produced by PhytoLab GmbH & Co. KG

Biochem/physiol Actions

Cyanogenic glycoside that is a component of bitter almonds and apricot pits. There is no scientific evidence that amygdalin itself is an effective anti-cancer agent. Recent studies using β?glucoside linked to a tumor-associated monoclonal antibody to release cyanide at the tumor cell has shown significant cytotoxicity.

Safety Profile

Human poison by ingestion(infant data). Poison experimentally by ingestion. Anexperimental teratogen. Mutation data reported. Whenheated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.

Purification Methods

D-Amygdalin recrystallises from water as the trihydrate, or from EtOH. It is present in bitter almonds. [Smith Chem Ber 64 1115 1931, Beilstein 17/8 V 188.]

Check Digit Verification of cas no

The CAS Registry Mumber 29883-15-6 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 2,9,8,8 and 3 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 1 and 5 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 29883-15:
(7*2)+(6*9)+(5*8)+(4*8)+(3*3)+(2*1)+(1*5)=156
156 % 10 = 6
So 29883-15-6 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C20H27NO11/c21-6-10(9-4-2-1-3-5-9)30-20-18(28)16(26)14(24)12(32-20)8-29-19-17(27)15(25)13(23)11(7-22)31-19/h1-5,10-20,22-28H,7-8H2/t10-,11+,12+,13+,14+,15-,16-,17+,18+,19+,20+/m0/s1

29883-15-6 Well-known Company Product Price

  • Brand
  • (Code)Product description
  • CAS number
  • Packaging
  • Price
  • Detail
  • TCI America

  • (A0443)  Amygdalin  >97.0%(HPLC)

  • 29883-15-6

  • 1g

  • 140.00CNY

  • Detail
  • TCI America

  • (A0443)  Amygdalin  >97.0%(HPLC)

  • 29883-15-6

  • 10g

  • 795.00CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (L12731)  D-Amygdalin hydrate, 96%   

  • 29883-15-6

  • 2g

  • 227.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (L12731)  D-Amygdalin hydrate, 96%   

  • 29883-15-6

  • 10g

  • 701.0CNY

  • Detail

29883-15-6SDS

SAFETY DATA SHEETS

According to Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) - Sixth revised edition

Version: 1.0

Creation Date: Aug 11, 2017

Revision Date: Aug 11, 2017

1.Identification

1.1 GHS Product identifier

Product name amygdalin

1.2 Other means of identification

Product number -
Other names D-AMYGLADIN

1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use

Identified uses For industry use only.
Uses advised against no data available

1.4 Supplier's details

1.5 Emergency phone number

Emergency phone number -
Service hours Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm (Standard time zone: UTC/GMT +8 hours).

More Details:29883-15-6 SDS

29883-15-6Relevant articles and documents

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Cyanogenic Glycosides

Yashunsky, Dmitry V.,Kulakovskaya, Ekaterina V.,Kulakovskaya, Tatiana V.,Zhukova, Olga S.,Kiselevskiy, Mikhail V.,Nifantiev, Nikolay E.

, p. 460 - 474 (2015/12/23)

An efficient procedure for the synthesis of cyanogenic glycosides with different carbohydrate units was developed. Amygdalin (3), prunasin (1), sambunigrin (2), and neoamygdalin (21) were prepared according to the elaborated method, and biological tests, including antifungal, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities, were performed.

Study on the Prevention of Racemization of Amygdalin

Takayama, Yuzi,Kawai, Satoshi

, p. 778 - 781 (2007/10/02)

Studies were conducted to find suitable conditions for the prevention of racemization of amygdalin in aqueous solution.Evaluation of racemization was carried out by determination of the ratios of neoamygdalyn and amygdalin using a capillary gas chromatographic technique.Racemization of amygdalin in aqueous solution was accelerated by increases on pH and temperature, but racemization was low below pH 3.0 even with heating.Ascorbic acid is useful as an acidification reagent for the suppression of racemization, and has the added clinical benefit of vitamin C activity.Keywords - amygdalin; isoamygdalin separation; racemization; racemizati on prevention; capillary gas chromatography

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