386-95-8Relevant articles and documents
Additive effects on palladium-catalyzed deprotonative-cross-coupling processes (DCCP) of sp3 C-H bonds in diarylmethanes
Bellomo, Ana,Zhang, Jiadi,Trongsiriwat, Nisalak,Walsh, Patrick J.
, p. 849 - 857 (2013/03/28)
Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have become one of the most useful tools in modern organic chemistry. Current methods to achieve direct functionalization of sp3 C-H bonds of arenes and heteroarenes often employ substrates with appropriately placed directing groups to enable reactivity. Examples of intermolecular arylation methods of weakly acidic sp3 C-H bonds in the absence of directing groups, however, are still limited. We describe herein a study on the use of additives in Pd-catalyzed deprotonative-cross-coupling processes (DCCP) of sp3 C-H bonds of diarylmethanes with aryl bromides at room temperature. These studies resulted in development of four new efficient Pd-catalyzed DCCP using additives that enabled the generation of a range of sterically and electronically diverse aryl- and heteroaryl containing triarylmethanes in good to excellent yields. Additive identification and optimization of all reaction conditions (additive loading, solvent and temperature) were performed using high-throughput experimentation (HTE). The approach outlined herein is expected to be generalizable to other C-H functionalization reactions involving the deprotonation of weakly acidic C-H bonds. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013.
Process development and optimization for production of a potassium ion channel blocker, ICA-17043
Mobele, Bingidimi I.,Venkatraman, Sripathy,McNaughton-Smith, Grant,Gibb, Cameron,Ulysse, Luckner G.,Lindmark, Carl A.,Shaw, Stephen,Marron, Brian,Spear, Kerry,Suto, Mark J.
, p. 1385 - 1392 (2012/11/07)
A scalable process for the manufacture of a potassium ion channel blocker was developed and optimized. Key features of the process include an optimized Grignard reaction, a direct cyanation of the intermediate trityl alcohol derivative, and an improved nitrile hydrolysis protocol, relative to the original acidic hydrolysis conditions, to generate the crude active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) with >95% HPLC purity. The Grignard and the cyanation reactions could be telescoped, resulting in an improved throughput compared to the original four-step process. An effective recrystallization of the API was also developed and the process scaled up to manufacture multiple batches at the pilot scale.