5024-21-5Relevant articles and documents
Efficient Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation of 1,3-Dienes: Selective Synthesis of Adipates and Other Aliphatic Diesters
Yang, Ji,Liu, Jiawang,Ge, Yao,Huang, Weiheng,Ferretti, Francesco,Neumann, Helfried,Jiao, Haijun,Franke, Robert,Jackstell, Ralf,Beller, Matthias
supporting information, p. 9527 - 9533 (2021/03/08)
The dicarbonylation of 1,3-butadiene to adipic acid derivatives offers the potential for a more cost-efficient and environmentally benign industrial process. However, the complex reaction network of regioisomeric carbonylation and isomerization pathways, make a selective and direct transformation particularly difficult. Here, we report surprising solvent effects on this palladium-catalysed process in the presence of 1,2-bis-di-tert-butylphosphin-oxylene (dtbpx) ligands, which allow adipate diester formation from 1,3-butadiene, carbon monoxide, and methanol with 97 % selectivity and 100 % atom-economy under scalable conditions. Under optimal conditions a variety of di- and triesters from 1,2- and 1,3-dienes can be obtained in good to excellent yields.
Metal/bromide autoxidation of triglycerides for the preparation of FAMES to improve the cold-flow characteristics of biodiesel
Phung, Peter,Rowlands, William N.,Thiyakesan, Appadurai,Benndorf, Paul,Masters, Anthony F.,Maschmeyer, Thomas
, p. 162 - 168 (2014/07/07)
Triglyceride autoxidation using a homogeneous Co/Mn/Zr/bromide catalyst in acetic acid (93%) of low grade tallow, canola oil or soy bean oil in a batch reactor at 150 °C for 2 h, produced lower molecular weight products relative to the fatty acids of the starting triglycerides. For the autoxidation of tallow the main products after esterification were monoesters Me(CH 2)mC(O)OMe (m = 5-12) and diesters MeOC(O)(CH 2)nC(O)OMe, (n = 7-12). Oxidation of the saturated fatty acids in triglycerides was confirmed and modelled using methyl palmitate. Post-treatment esterification of tallow autoxidation products to produce biodiesel (BD) esters resulted in improved cold temperature properties by a mean of 13.0 °C, i.e. a mean cloud point (CP) 1.0 °C (cf. unmodified tallow biodiesel: CP 14 °C).
Cycloalkane-based thermomorphic systems for organic electrochemistry: An application to Kolbe-coupling
Okada, Yohei,Kamimura, Kazuya,Chiba, Kazuhiro
supporting information; experimental part, p. 5857 - 5862 (2012/09/08)
The discovery that cycloalkanes can form thermomorphic systems with typical polar organic solvents has led to the development of less-polar electrolyte solutions. Their mixing and separation can be regulated reversibly at a moderate temperature range. The phase switching temperature can be controlled by changing the solvent compositions. While biphasic conditions are maintained below the phase switching temperature, conductive monophasic conditions as less-polar electrolyte solutions are obtained above the phase switching temperature. After the electrochemical transformations, biphasic conditions are reconstructed below the phase switching temperature, facilitating the separation of cycloalkane where hydrophobic products or designed hydrophobic platforms are selectively partitioned. Several polar organic solvents, including acetonitrile, methanol, and pyridine, can be used in this system according to the requirement of the reactions.