5404-86-4Relevant articles and documents
Metal complexes of 6-pyrazolylpurine derivatives as models for metal-mediated base pairs
Sinha, Indranil,Hepp, Alexander,K?sters, Jutta,Müller, Jens
, p. 355 - 360 (2015)
6-(3,5-Dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)purine has recently been introduced as an artificial nucleobase for the specific recognition of canonical nucleobases via the formation of a metal-mediated base pair. We report here the synthesis and structural characterization by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of a series of metal complexes of the corresponding alkylated model nucleobases 9-methyl-6-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)purine 2 and 9-methyl-6-pyrazol-1-yl-purine 7. The sterically more demanding ligand 2 forms the Cu2 + complexes [Cu(2)(NO3)2] and [Cu(2)Cl2] with a 1:1 stoichiometry of ligand and metal ion. In contrast, ligand 7 forms complexes [Cu(7)2(NO3)](NO3) and [Ag(7)2](ClO4) with a 2:1 stoichiometry. The molecular structures of [Cu(2)(NO3)2] and [Cu(2)Cl2] confirm the previously suggested coordination pattern, i.e. Cu2 + is coordinated via the pyrazole nitrogen atom and the purine N7 position. The fact that different relative orientations of the two ligands in [Cu(7)2(NO3)](NO3) and [Ag(7)2](ClO4) are observed allows the prediction that the corresponding metal-mediated homo base pairs should be stable both in regular antiparallel-stranded and in the rare parallel-stranded double helices.
Model-Based Discovery of Synthetic Agonists for the Zn2+-Sensing G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 39 (GPR39) Reveals Novel Biological Functions
Frimurer, Thomas M.,Mende, Franziska,Graae, Anne-Sofie,Engelstoft, Maja S.,Egerod, Kristoffer L.,Nygaard, Rie,Gerlach, Lars-Ole,Hansen, Jakob Bondo,Schwartz, Thue W.,Holst, Birgitte
, p. 886 - 898 (2017)
The G-protein-coupled receptor 39 (GPR39) is a G-protein-coupled receptor activated by Zn2+. We used a homology model-based approach to identify small-molecule pharmacological tool compounds for the receptor. The method focused on a putative binding site in GPR39 for synthetic ligands and knowledge of ligand binding to other receptors with similar binding pockets to select iterative series of minilibraries. These libraries were cherry-picked from all commercially available synthetic compounds. A total of only 520 compounds were tested in vitro, making this method broadly applicable for tool compound development. The compounds of the initial library were inactive when tested alone, but lead compounds were identified using Zn2+ as an allosteric enhancer. Highly selective, highly potent Zn2+-independent GPR39 agonists were found in subsequent minilibraries. These agonists identified GPR39 as a novel regulator of gastric somatostatin secretion.
Design, Synthesis, and Anticancer Activity of Novel Fused Purine Analogues
Hassan,Sarg,Bayoumi,Kalaf
, p. 3458 - 3470 (2017/11/21)
6-Mercaptopurine has been utilized for the synthesis of various fused purine analogues through different chemical reactions to yield [1,4]thiazino[4,3,2-gh]purines 2, 3, 10a,b, 14, (8-oxo-[1,4]thiazino[4,3,2-gh]purin-7(8H)-ylidene) acetate 4, [1,4]thiazepino[4,3,2-gh]purine 6, thiazolo[3,4,5-gh]purine 7, imidazo[1,5,4-gh]purin-5-amine 8, 5-methylimidazo[1,5,4-gh]purine 9, [1,2,4]triazino[4,3-i]purines 16, 18, 21, [1,2,4]triazino[4,5,6-gh]purine 20, 5-methyl-2-(7H-purin-6-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one 22, [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-i]purine 23, [1,2,5]triazepino[5,4,3-gh]purine 24, and ethyl 6-(2-(ethoxycarbonyl)hydrazinyl)-9H-purine-9-carboxylate 26. Seventeen of the newly synthesized compounds were selected by the NCI, Maryland, USA, and were tested for their anticancer activity in an initial single high dose in the full NCI 60 cell line panel among which [1,4]thiazino[4,3,2-gh]purine-7,8-dione 2, 7-benzyl-[1,4]thiazino[4,3,2-gh]purine 10b, and 3-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-i]purine 23 were found to possess very potent anticancer activity against most of the cancer cell lines.
Structure-activity relationships of adenine and deazaadenine derivatives as ligands for adenine receptors, a new purinergic receptor family
Borrmann, Thomas,Abdelrahman, Aliaa,Volpini, Rosaria,Lambertucci, Catia,Alksnis, Edgars,Gorzalka, Simone,Knospe, Melanie,Schiedel, Anke C.,Cristalli, Gloria,Müller, Christa E.
scheme or table, p. 5974 - 5989 (2010/03/24)
Adenine derivatives bearing substituents in the 2-, N6-, 7-, 8-, and/or 9-position and a series of deazapurines were synthesized and investigated in [3H]adenine binding studies at the adenine receptor in rat brain cortical membrane preparations (rAde1R). Steep structure-activity relationships were observed. Substitution in the 8-position (amino, dimethylamino, piperidinyl, piperazinyl) or in the 9-position (2-morpholinoethyl) with basic residues or introduction of polar substituents at the 6-amino function (hydroxy, amino, acetyl) represented the best modifications. Functional evaluation of selected adenine derivatives in adenylate cyclase assays at 1321N1 astrocytoma cells stably expressing the rAde1R showed that all compounds investigated were agonists or partial agonists. A subset of compounds was additionally investigated in binding studies at human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells, which also express a high-affinity adenine binding site. Structure-affinity relationships at the human cell line were similar to those at the rAde1R, but not identical. In particular, N 6-acetyladenine (25, Ki rat: 2.85 μM; Ki human: 0.515 μM) and 8-aminoadenine (33, Ki rat: 6.51 μM; Ki human: 0.0341 μM) were much more potent at the human as compared to the rat binding site. The new AdeR ligands may serve as lead structures and contribute to the elucidation of the functions of the adenine receptor family. 2009 American Chemical Society.
Effect of the structure of adenosine mimic of bisubstrate-analog inhibitors on their activity towards basophilic protein kinases
Enkvist, Erki,Kriisa, Marie,Roben, Mart,Kadak, Grete,Raidaru, Gerda,Uri, Asko
scheme or table, p. 6098 - 6101 (2010/06/16)
Previously reported structural fragments that associate with the ATP-binding pocket of basophilic protein kinases were conjugated with d-arginine-containing peptides. Inhibitory potency of the resulting bisubstrate-analog inhibitors towards PKA and ROCK-II extended to subnanomolar range. The conjugates incorporating 2-pyrimidyl-5-amidothiophene fragment had the highest activity and at 100 nM concentration exhibited over 80% inhibition of most of the tested basophilic kinases of the AGC group.
ANTIPARASITIC COMPOUNDS AND COMPOSITIONS
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Page/Page column 32, (2010/11/29)
Disclosed is use of a compound having a structure according to general formula (I) defined below, in the manufacture of a medicament to treat and/or prevent a parasitic infection or infestation in a mammalian subject wherein X1 = N or CH or C=O (X2 = NH) or C=S (X2 = NH) or C-OR1 or C-halogen or C-azide; X2 = N or CR1 or C-halogen or CS(O)nR1 where n = 0-2 or a (C)m linker where m = 1-3 between X2 and X6 or C-X5X6 (in which case X5X6 at C6 (purine numbering) is replaced by H or NHR1 or O or OR1 or S or SR1); X3 = N or CH or C-NO2; X4 = N or CH or C-NO2 or C-NR1R2 or an amidine derivative or a guanidinium derivative; X5 = O or NR1 or CR1R2; X6 = OR1 or O-acyl or 0-S(O)nR1 or NR1R2 or NH-acyl or N(Acyl)2 or NH-OS(O)2R1 or NH-S(O)nR1 where n = 0-2 or a hydrazone derivative or an oxime derivative, but if X5 = O, X6 cannot = O or X5X6 is an amidine or an N-substituted pyridine or substituted guanidine; Y = H or NH2 or NR1R2 or -O (X3 = NH) or OR1 or F or Cl or Br or I or CR1R2R3 or S(O)nR1 where n = 0-2 or azide or X5X6 (in which case X5X6 at C6 (purine numbering) is replaced by H or NHR1 or O or OR1 or S or SR1); R1, R2, R3 are independently selected from the group consisting of H or (optionally substituted), alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl or aryl or aralkyl where the substituents may be selected from H, OH, NH2, halogen, N3, CN, CHO, COOR', C0NR'2, OR, NE'2, SR', NR'NR'2, NR'OR', NO2 and R' is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, acyl, sulfonyl; Z = H or substituted (alkyl or alkenyl or alkynyl or aralkyl) or a sugar derivative of general formula (II) in the β-configuration where: B is the nucleobase from Formula (I); X7 = CH2 or O or NR1 or S; R4 = H or OH or OR1 or halogen or azide or a phosphate derivative; R5 = H or F or CH3; R6 = H or OH or OR1 or halogen or azide or a phosphate derivative; and R7 = H or halogen or R1 or a derivative of an amino acid or PO3H2 or P2O6H3 or P3O9H4 or a methylene derivative of P2O6H3 or P3O9H4 or a masked phosphate or a phosphonate derivative (5'-O replaced with CH2).
Reduction of different electron-poor N-heteroarylhydrazines in strong basic conditions
Unciti-Broceta, Asier,Pineda De Las Infantas, Maria J.,Gallo, Miguel A.,Espinosa, Antonio
, p. 1754 - 1762 (2008/02/03)
The first application of the Wolff-Kishner reduction methodology to electron-poor heteroaromatic compounds is reported. Hydrazino-containing heterocycles with hydrazone-type tautomery have been reduced under basic conditions. This novel chemistry was successfully applied to mono-dehalogenate a number of electron-poor heterocycles in a regioselective manner. According to the experimental results, this reductive process is a base-catalyzed reaction that takes only place in the presence of air, probably through an oxygen-assisted mechanism. As consequence of the specific features of this kind of hydrazone/enehydrazine tautomers, the overall outcome of the process is the synthesis of a Shapirotype reduction product by simply using a milder version of the Huang-Minlon methodology.
Anti-malarial activity of N6-modified purine analogues
Too, Kathleen,Brown, Daniel M.,Bongard, Emily,Yardley, Vanessa,Vivas, Livia,Loakes, David
, p. 5551 - 5562 (2008/03/14)
Plasmodium falciparum causes one of the deadliest forms of malaria and resistance to the currently available drugs makes it imperative to develop new, safe and potent drugs. Parasites such as P. falciparum are unable to synthesise purines de novo and to t
Reaction of 9-substituted 1-aminoadenine with hydrazine
Asano, Shoji,Itano, Keiji,Yamagata, Yuriko,Kohda, Kohfuku
, p. 1115 - 1121 (2007/10/03)
Reaction of 9-substituted (methyl or benzyl) 1-aminoadenines 1 with hydrazine afforded 9-substituted 6-hydrazinopurines 2 and 1-substituted 5-amino-4-(4-amino-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)imidazole (4). The product ratio of 2 to 4 rose with increasing amounts of me
Purine Derivatives as Competitive Inhibitors of Human Erythrocyte Membrane Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase
Young, Rodney C.,Jones, Martin,Milliner, Kevin J.,Rana, Kishore K.,Ward, John G.
, p. 2073 - 2080 (2007/10/02)
The possibility of deriving a potent, cell-penetrating inhibitor of human erythrocyte PI 4-kinase, competitive with respect to ATP, has been investigated in a series of purine derivatives and analogues.The purine nucleus is not essential for binding to th
