878672-00-5

Basic information

• Product Name: RDEA 594
• Synonyms: Lesinurad;RDEA 594;Lesinurad (with 3 ints.);Lesinurad (RDEA-594);2-{[5-broMo-4-(4-cyclopropylnaphthalen-1-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]sulfanyl}acetic acid;2-[[5-BroMo-4-(4-cyclopropylnaphthalen-1-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]thio]acetic acid;Lesinurad impurity1-12;Lesinurd
• CAS NO: 878672-00-5
• Molecular Formula: C17H14BrN3O2S
• Molecular Weight: 404.28096
• EINECS: 1592732-453-0
• Product Categories: Lesinurad (RDEA-594);API
• Mol File: 878672-00-5.mol
• Article Data: 32

Chemical Properties

• Boiling Point: 643.7±65.0 °C(Predicted)
• Appearance: /
• Density: 1.72±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted)
• Storage Temp.: -20°C Freezer, Under inert atmosphere
• Solubility: DMSO (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly, Heated)
• PKA: 2.91±0.10(Predicted)
• CAS DataBase Reference: RDEA 594(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: RDEA 594(878672-00-5)
• EPA Substance Registry System: RDEA 594(878672-00-5)

Safety Data

• Hazardous Substances Data: 878672-00-5(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Description

Approved by the FDA late in 2015, lesinurad is an urate anion exchange transporter 1 (URAT1) inhibitor for use in the treatment of gout. Ardea Biosciences, which is a subsidiary of AstraZeneca, developed lesinurad to be used in a combination therapy with xanthine oxidase inhibitors for the treatment of hyperuricaemia associated with gout. The approval process is ongoing in several other countries across the globe, with the EMA Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use giving lesinurad a positive opinion for use as an adjunctive therapy in combination with xanthine oxidase inhibitors to treat hyperuricaemia.

Uses

Lesinurad is used to synthesize febuxostat which is a non-purine analog inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. Febuxostat is approved by the European Medicines Agency and the US Food and Drug Administration for treating gout.

Definition

ChEBI: A member of the class of triazoles that is [(3-bromo-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]acetic acid substituted at position 1 of the triazole ring by a 4-cyclopropylnaphthalen-1-yl group. Used for treatment of gout.

Synthesis

The synthesis of lesinurad began with commercial 1- bromonaphthalene (138). A Kumada coupling between this bromide and cyclopropyl Grignard delivered 139, which after selective nitration to give 140, delivered the oxylate salt 141 (which now is commercially available). Treatment of 141 with KOH followed by thiophosgene at 5 °C delivered isothiocyanate 142 in 63% yield. Reaction of 142 with formyl hydrazine followed by addition of potassium bicarbonate and mild heating resulted in thio-1,2,4-triazole 144 by the intermediacy of 143. Quantitative alkylation of triazolothiol 144 resulted in α-mercaptan 145, and this was followed by NBS bromination to afford bromotriazole 146. Ester saponification followed by acidification secured lesinurad (XVII) in a good yield over the final three steps.

Upstream product

• 1533519-93-5 2-(4-(4-cyclopropylnaphthalen-1-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylthio)acetic acid 
• 25033-19-6 1-cyclopropyl-naphthalene 
• 1533519-85-5 2-((4-(4-cyclopropylnaphthalen-1-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio)acetic acid methyl ester 
• 1533519-86-6 N-(4-cyclopropylnaphthalen-1-yl)-2-formylhydrazine-1-thiocarboxamide 
• 878671-95-5 1-cyclopropylnaphthalene-4-yl isothiocyanate 
• 776-34-1 1-amino-4-nitronaphthalene 
• 1158970-76-3 5-bromo-4-(4-cyclopropylnaphthalen-1-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol 
• 83-53-4 1,4-dibromonaphthalene 

Relevant articles and documents

Characterization of stereoselective metabolism, inhibitory effect on uric acid uptake transporters, and pharmacokinetics of lesinurad atropisomers

Lesinurad [Zurampic; 2-(5-bromo-4-(4-cyclopropylnaphthalen-1-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylthio)], a selective inhibitor of uric acid reabsorption transporters approved for the treatment of gout, is a racemate of two atropisomers. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the stereoselectivity of metabolism, the inhibitory potency on kidney uric acid reabsorption transporters (URAT1 and OAT4), and the clinical pharmacokinetics of the lesinurad atropisomers. Incubations with human liver microsomes (HLM), recombinant CYP2C9, and recombinant CYP3A4 were carried out to characterize the stereoselective formation of three metabolites: M3 (hydroxyl-ation), M4 (a dihydrodiol metabolite), and M6 (S-dealkylation). The formation of M3 in HLM with atropisomer 1 was approximately twice as much as that with atropisomer 2, whereas formation of M4 with atropisomer 1 was 8- to 12-fold greater than that with atropisomer 2. There were no significant differences in the plasma protein binding among lesinurad and the atropisomers. Following oral administration of 400 mg lesinurad once daily for 14 days to healthy human volunteers, the systemic exposure (Cmax at steady state and area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to the time of dosing interval) of atropisomer 1 was approximately 30% lower than that of atropisomer 2, whereas renal clearance was similar. In vitro cell-based assays using HEK293 stable cells expressing URAT1 and OAT4 demonstrated that atropisomer 2 was approximately 4-fold more potent against URAT1 than atropisomer 1 and equally active against OAT4. In conclusion, lesinurad atropisomers showed stereoselectivity in clinical pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and inhibitory potency against URAT1.

Novel Human Urate Transporter 1 Inhibitors as Hypouricemic Drug Candidates with Favorable Druggability

Lesinurad, a human urate transporter 1 (URAT1) inhibitor approved as a medication for the treatment of hyperuricemia associated with gout in 2015, can cause liver and renal toxicity. Here, we modified all three structural components of lesinurad by applying scaffold hopping, bioisosterism, and substituent-decorating strategies. In a mouse model of acute hyperuricemia, 21 of the synthesized compounds showed increased serum uric acid (SUA)-reducing activity; SUA was about 4-fold lower in animals treated with 44, 54, and 83 compared with lesinurad or benzbromarone. In the URAT1 inhibition assay, 44 was over 8-fold more potent than lesinurad (IC50: 1.57 μM vs 13.21 μM). Notably, 83 also displayed potent inhibitory activity (IC50 = 31.73 μM) against GLUT9. Furthermore, we also preliminarily explored the effect of chirality on the potency of the promising derivatives 44 and 54. Compounds 44, 54, and 83 showed favorable drug-like pharmacokinetics and appear to be promising candidates for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout.

Synthesis of lesinurad via a multicomponent reaction with isocyanides and disulfides

An efficient synthesis of Lesinurad a selective uric acid reabsorption (URAT1) inhibitor, is described in this article. The route to synthesis of Lesinurad avoids the use of thiophosgene and the formation of thiols. The key reaction in this synthesis is construction of the 1,2,4-Triazole ring in 72percent yield. The title product is obtained in 45percent yield over 5 steps.