Topoisomerase inhibitors
Topoisomerase inhibitors are drugs that interfere with the activity of topoisomerases, enzymes crucial for the regulation of DNA topology during processes such as replication, transcription, and recombination. These enzymes work by temporarily breaking and rejoining DNA strands to relieve torsional strain and facilitate the unwinding of DNA helices. By inhibiting topoisomerases, these inhibitors prevent the proper resealing of DNA strands after manipulation, leading to the accumulation of DNA breaks and ultimately inducing cell death. Topoisomerase inhibitors are categorized into two classes: topoisomerase I inhibitors (such as camptothecins) and topoisomerase II inhibitors (such as etoposide and doxorubicin), based on their specific target enzyme. These drugs are widely used in cancer chemotherapy to disrupt DNA replication and transcription in rapidly dividing cancer cells, thereby arresting cell growth and inducing apoptosis.
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