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NF-κB inhibitor

NF-κB (Nuclear Factor-kappa B) inhibitors are compounds designed to target the NF-κB signaling pathway, a critical regulator of immune response, inflammation, cell survival, and proliferation. NF-κB is a family of transcription factors that remain inactive in the cytoplasm bound to IκB proteins under normal conditions. Upon activation by various stimuli such as cytokines, pathogens, or oxidative stress, the IκB proteins are phosphorylated by IKK (IκB kinase) complex, leading to their degradation and subsequent release of NF-κB. Once free, NF-κB translocates into the nucleus, where it activates the transcription of genes involved in inflammation, immunity, cell proliferation, and survival. NF-κB inhibitors work by blocking different steps of this signaling cascade, including inhibiting IKK activation, preventing IκB degradation, or directly interfering with NF-κB DNA binding or transcriptional activity.
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