Hot Products

Basic Information

Post buying leads

Suppliers

Cas Database

This product is a nationally controlled contraband, and the Lookchem platform doesn't provide relevant sales information.

Name	Codeine	EINECS	200-969-1
CAS No.	76-57-3	Density	1.34g/cm³
PSA	41.93000	LogP	1.43900
Solubility	Stability Stable, but light sensitive. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, bromides,iodides, heavy metal salts. Toxicology Harmful if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through the skin.Add	Melting Point	154 - 156 C
Formula	C18H21 N O3	Boiling Point	462°C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Weight	299.37	Flash Point	75 C
Transport Information	N/A	Appearance	white crystalline powder
Safety	A human poison by an unspecified route. An experimental poison by ingestion, intraperitoneal, intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous routes. Human reproductive effects. An experimental teratogen. Other experimental reproductive effects. An addictive drug. Flammable when exposed to heat or flame. To fight fire, use alcohol foam. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NO_x. See also (−)-MORPHINE and ETHERS.	Risk Codes	R11; R23/24/25; R39/23/24/25
Molecular Structure		Hazard Symbols	Habit-forming narcotic, sale legally restricted.
Synonyms	Morphinan-6a-ol, 7,8-didehydro-4,5a-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methyl-(8CI); (-)-Codeine; Codeine; Codicept; Coducept; Methylmorphine; Morphine3-methyl ether; Morphine monomethyl ether; O3-Methylmorphine; l-Codeine	Article Data	34

Codeine Chemical Properties

Systematic Name: (5alpha,6alpha)-3-methoxy-17-methyl-7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxymorphinan-6-ol
Molecular Formula: C₁₈H₂₁NO₃
Molecular Weight: 299.36424 g/mol
EINECS: 200-969-1
Product Categories: Chiral Reagents; Intermediates & Fine Chemicals;
Pharmaceuticals
Melting Point: 2-8 °C
Index of Refraction: 1.666
Molar Refractivity: 82.85 cm³
Molar Volume: 222.6 cm³
Surface Tension: 60.5 dyne/cm
Density: 1.34 g/cm³
Flash Point: 233.2 °C
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 76.18 kJ/mol
Boiling Point: 462 °C at 760 mmHg
Vapour Pressure of Codeine (CAS NO.76-57-3): ×2.47E-09 mmHg at 25 °C

Codeine History

Codeine (CAS NO.76-57-3) is an alkaloid found in opium and other poppy saps like Papaver bracteatum, the Iranian poppy, in concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 3.0 percent. While codeine can be extracted from opium, most codeine is synthesized from morphine through the process of O-methylation. It was first isolated in 1832 in France by Jean-Pierre Robiquet.
The effects of the Nixon War On Drugs by 1972 or so had caused across-the-board shortages of illicit and licit opiates because of a scarcity of natural opium, poppy straw and other sources of opium alkaloids, and the geopolitical situation was getting less helpful for the United States. After a large percentage of the opium and morphine in the US National Stockpile of Strategic & Critical Materials had to be tapped in order to ease severe shortages of medicinal opiates—the codeine-based antitussives in particular—in late 1973, researchers were tasked with and quickly succeeded in finding a way to synthesize codeine and its derivatives and precursors from scratch from petroleum or coal tar using a process developed at the United States' National Institutes of Health.

Codeine Uses

Codeine (CAS NO.76-57-3) is an opiate used for its analgesic, antitussive, and antidiarrheal properties. It is useful for numbing back pain, and is frequently prescribed for this purpose and is by far the most widely used opiate in the world and probably the most commonly used drug overall according to numerous reports over the years by organizations such as the World Health Organization and its League of Nations predecessor agency and others. It is one of the most effective orally-administered opioid analgesics and has a wide safety margin.

Codeine Production

Codeine (CAS NO.76-57-3) can be isolated from opium and morphine (also obtained from opium). To direct this alkylation to the phenolic hydroxyl and to reduce alkylation of the tertiary nitrogen, a quaternary nitrogen-alkylating agent, phenyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, is employed. This results in yields of 90 to 93 percent codeine and some recovery of unalkylated morphine. The alkylation is carried out with the morphine dissolved in absolute alcohol in the presence of potassium ethylate. The dimethyl aniline and solvents are recovered and reused.

Codeine Toxicity Data With Reference

Organism	Test Type	Route	Reported Dose (Normalized Dose)	Effect	Source
dog	LD50	intravenous	69mg/kg (69mg/kg)		Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. Vol. 7, Pg. 372, 1959.
man	LDLo	unreported	12mg/kg (12mg/kg)		"Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments," 2nd ed., Arena, J.M., Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1970Vol. 2, Pg. 73, 1970.
mouse	LD50	intramuscular	290mg/kg (290mg/kg)		Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. Vol. 13, Pg. 97, 1977.
mouse	LD50	intraperitoneal	60mg/kg (60mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION	Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises. Vol. 8, Pg. 261, 1950.
mouse	LD50	intravenous	54mg/kg (54mg/kg)	AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM: "SMOOTH MUSCLE RELAXANT (MECHANISM UNDEFINED, SPASMOLYTIC)"	Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 16, Pg. 617, 1966.
mouse	LD50	oral	250mg/kg (250mg/kg)		Medicinal Chemistry: A Series of Monographs. Vol. 5, Pg. 318, 1965.
mouse	LD50	subcutaneous	84100ug/kg (84.1mg/kg)		Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 24, Pg. 600, 1974.
rabbit	LD50	intravenous	34mg/kg (34mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)	Experientia. Vol. 18, Pg. 446, 1962.
rat	LD50	intraperitoneal	100mg/kg (100mg/kg)		Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 26, Pg. 551, 1976.
rat	LD50	intravenous	75mg/kg (75mg/kg)		Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. Vol. 25, Pg. 929, 1973.
rat	LD50	oral	427mg/kg (427mg/kg)	GASTROINTESTINAL: DECREASED MOTILITY OR CONSTIPATION	Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. Vol. 16, Pg. 782, 1973.
rat	LD50	subcutaneous	229mg/kg (229mg/kg)		Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 24, Pg. 600, 1974.

Codeine Safety Profile

A human poison by an unspecified route. An experimental poison by ingestion, intraperitoneal, intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous routes. Human reproductive effects. An experimental teratogen. Other experimental reproductive effects. An addictive drug. Flammable when exposed to heat or flame. To fight fire, use alcohol foam. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NO_x. See also (−)-MORPHINE and ETHERS.
Hazard Codes: F, Toxic T
Risk Statements: 11-23/24/25-39/23/24/25
R11:Highly flammable.
R23/24/25:Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.
R39:Danger of very serious irreversible effects.
Safety Statements: 7-16-36/37-45
S7:Keep container tightly closed.
S16:Keep away from sources of ignition.
S36/37:Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves.
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.)
RIDADR UN 1230 3/PG 2
WGK Germany: 1

Codeine Specification

Codeine (CAS NO.76-57-3), its Synonyms are 7,8-Didehydro-4,5-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-ol ; Codicept ; Coducept ; Methylmorphine ; Morphinan-6-ol, 7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methyl-, (5alpha,6alpha)- ; Morphinan-6alpha-ol, 7,8-didehydro-4,5alpha-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methyl- ; Morphine 3-methyl ether . It is colorless to white crystalline solid or white powder.

Codeine