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Table 3
Antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds
R
O
N
N
S
N
Compound
R
MIC values in
Antibacterial activity
l
g/mLa
MIC values in
Antifungal activity
l
g/mLa
E. coli
P. aeruginosa
S. aureus
B. subtilis
C. albicans A. niger
7a
7b
7c
7d
7e
7f
7g
7h
7i
7j
7k
7l
Ph-4-Cl
Ph
100 2.11
150 2.43
125 1.25
125 0.65
125 0.78
50 1.09
150 2.02
175 1.67
50 0.53
25 1.45
25 0.57
50 1.17
50 0.43
100 1.24
25 1.00
250 2.89
300 2.57
75 1.83
125 0.55
100 2.34
100 1.37
100 2.00
50 0.17
150 1.22
175 2.05
75 1.76
75 1.51
25 0.52
75 1.77
50 0.76
250 2.99
50 1.44
100 2.11
150 1.44
60 1.52
80 1.12
80 0.48
40 0.32
80 1.12
20 0.15
120 0.64
60 0.34
60 0.23
40 0.98
20 0.73
20 2.57
40 1.04
100 2.08
160 2.01
140 1.15
100 1.68
140 1.87
120 1.75
180 2.55
140 2.96
120 0.48
80 1.31
60 1.14
60 1.92
60 0.87
Ph-4-OCH3
Ph-3,4-di OH
Ph-2-Cl
Ph-2,6-di Cl
Ph-2,4-di OCH3
Ph-4-OH
C4H3N
175 1.07
125 2.12
*
*
200 1.97
100 0.98
100 1.54
50 1.89
150 1.47
150 1.42
*
*
125 1.46
150 2.90
100 1.47
125 2.49
150 1.86
100 2.14
25 1.15
100 2.01
50 1.15
50 1.12
75 0.56
100 1.35
250 0.88
50 0.96
C4H3S
Ph-4-F
Ph-2,4-di Cl
C5H4N
Ampicillin
Ciprofloxacin
Miconazole
7m
Standard
Standard
Standard
25 1.24
12.5 1.17
*
No activity was observed up to 400
Values are the average of three readings standard deviation.
l
g/mL.
a
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phene (7i), pyrrole (7j) and pyridine (7m) ring seems to be advan-
tageous in terms of antifungal activity against both C. albicans and
A. niger. Thus, compound 7f, 7k and 7l are the most potent anti-
fungal compound from the series.
In conclusion, we have reported for the first time use of com-
bined nano (ZnO–TiO2) for the synthesis of substituted 1,3,4-oxadi-
azole from hydrazide and aromatic aldehydes using conventional
as well as microwave assisted method in good yields. All the syn-
thesized compounds are novel and were tested for antibacterial
and antifungal activity. Based on the activity data, SAR for the ser-
ies has been developed. From the series 7f, 7k and 7j serve as an
important pharmacophore for the design and development of
new lead as antibacterial agent where as compound 7f, 7k and 7l
shows promising antifungal activity indicating the future scope
for optimization.
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Acknowledgments
The authors thankful to the Mrs. Fatima Rafiq Zakaria Chairman
Maulana Azad Educational Trust and Dr. M. H. G. Dehghan, Princi-
pal, Y. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus,
Aurangabad 431 001 (M.S.), India for providing the laboratory
facility.
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