Mixed-metal assemblies containing multiply bonded dirhenium species linked through thiocyanate- and cyanide-containing bridging units

Article abstract of DOI:10.1021/ic010442r

The lability of the terminal Re-Cl bond that is cis to the bridging CO ligand in the edge-sharing bioctahedral complexes Re₂(μ-Cl)(μ-CO)(μ-PP)₂Cl₃(L), where PP = Ph₂PC(=CH₂)PPh₂ (dppE) when

Full text of DOI:10.1021/ic010442r

5682
Inorg. Chem. 2001, 40, 5682-5690
Mixed-Metal Assemblies Containing Multiply Bonded Dirhenium Species Linked through
Thiocyanate- and Cyanide-Containing Bridging Units
Shan-Ming Kuang, Phillip E. Fanwick, and Richard A. Walton*
Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 1393 Brown Building,West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1393
ReceiVed April 26, 2001
The lability of the terminal Re-Cl bond that is cis to the bridging CO ligand in the edge-sharing bioctahedral
complexes Re2(µ-Cl)(µ-CO)(µ-PP)2Cl3(L), where PP ) Ph2PC(dCH2)PPh2 (dppE) when L ) CO (1) and PP )
Ph2PCH2PPh2 (dppm) when L ) CO (2) or XyINC (3), has been exploited in the preparation of mixed-metal
Re4Pd2, Re2Ag, Re2W, Re2Pt, and Re2Rh assemblies, in which the dirhenium units are bound to the other metals
through NCS or CN bridges. These complexes, which retain the RedRe bonds of the parent dirhenium complexes,
comprise the novel centrosymmetric complex [Re2Cl3(µ-dppE)2(CO)2(µ-NCS)]2Pd2(µ-SCN)(µ-NCS)Cl2 (9), and
the trimetallic complexes Re2Cl3(µ-dppE)2(CO)2[(µ-NC)Ag(CN)] (10), Re2Cl3(µ-dppE)2(CO)2[(µ-NC)W(CO)5]
(11), [Re2Cl3(µ-dppE)2(CO)2{(µ-NC)Pt(CN)(CN-t-Bu)2}]PF6 (12), [Re2Cl3(µ-dppE)2(CO)2{(µ-N(CN)2)Rh(CO)-
(PPh3)2}]O3SCF3 (13), and Re2Cl3(µ-dppm)2(CO)2[(µ-NC)W(CO)5] (16). The identities of 9 and 16 have been
established by X-ray crystallography, and all complexes characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy and cyclic
voltammetry. The reactions of the dicarbonyl complex 1, and the isomeric pair of complexes Re2Cl4(µ-dppm)2-
(CO)(CNXyl), which have edge-sharing bioctahedral (ESBO) (3) and open bioctahedral (OBO) (4) geometries,
with Na[N(CN)2] and K[C(CN)3] have been used to prepare complexes in which the uncoordinated CN groups
have the potential to coordinate other mono- or dimetal units to form extended arrays. The complexes which
have been prepared and characterized are the monosubstituted species Re2Cl3(X)(µ-dppE)2(CO)2 (X ) N(CN)2
(14) or C(CN)3 (15)) and Re2Cl3(X)(µ-dppm)2(CO)(CNXyl) (X ) N(CN)2 (17) or C(CN)3 (18) with ESBO
structures; X ) N(CN)2 (19) or C(CN)3 (20) with OBO structures), of which 15, 18, and 20 have been characterized
by single-crystal X-ray structure determinations. The substitutional labilities of the Re-Cl bonds in the complexes
Re2Cl4(µ-dppm)2(CO) (5), Re2Cl4(µ-dppm)2(CNXyl) (6), and Re2Cl4(µ-dppm)2 (7) toward Na[N(CN)2] and
K[C(CN)3] have also been explored and the complexes Re2Cl3(X)(µ-dppm)2(CO) (X ) N(CN)2 (21) or C(CN)3
(22)), Re2Cl3(X)(µ-dppm)2(CNXyl) (X ) N(CN)2 (23) or C(CN)3 (24)), Re2Cl2(X)2(µ-dppm)2(CNXyl) (X )
N(CN)2 (25) or C(CN)3 (26)), Re2[N(CN)2]4(µ-dppm)2 (27), and Re2[C(CN)3]4(µ-dppm)2 (28) isolated in good
yield. Single-crystal X-ray structure determinations of 24, 26, and 27 have shown that the Re-Re triple bonds
present in the starting materials 5-7 are retained in these products.
Introduction
of stereochemistry. The substitution of the most kinetically labile
Cl ligand in complexes of types I and II by monoanionic ligands
has not previously been studied. In the present paper we describe
such a study in which we have used anionic ligands that have
the capability of bridging to other metal centers and thereby
enable, in principle, the assembly of mixed-metal complexes.
For this purpose we have used thiocyanate- and cyanide-
containing functionalities and the dirhenium starting materials
Re2Cl4(µ-dppE)2(CO)2 (1), Re2Cl4(µ-dppm)2(CO)2 (2), and Re2-
Cl4(µ-dppm)2(CO)(CNXyl) (3), which are all of structure type
I, as well as the open bioctahedral (OBO) isomer of type II,
Re2Cl4(µ-dppm)2(CO)(CNXyl) (4). In addition, we have exam-
ined the substitutional lability of the Cl ligands in the complexes
Re2Cl4(µ-dppm)2(CO) (5), Re2Cl4(µ-dppm)2(CNXyl) (6), and
We have demonstrated previously that the Cl ligand which
is cis to the CO ligand in edge-sharing bioctahedral (ESBO)
complexes of type I (L ) CO or XylNC; PP ) Ph2PCH2PPh2
(dppm) or Ph2PC(dCH2)PPh2 (dppE)) and that which is trans
to the XylNC ligand in complexes of type II (PP ) dppm) are
labile to substitution by neutral ligands such as CO, RNC, and
RCN.1-10 In all cases, these substitutions proceed with retention
(5) Wu, W.; Fanwick, P. E.; Walton, R. A. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1996, 242,
81.
(6) Wu, W.; Fanwick, P. E.; Walton, R. A. J. Cluster Sci. 1996, 7, 155.
(7) Wu, W.; Subramony, J. A.; Fanwick, P. E.; Walton, R. A. Inorg. Chem.
1996, 35, 6784.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: rawalton@
purdue.edu.
(1) Cotton, F. A.; Dunbar, K. R.; Falvello, L. R.; Walton, R. A. Inorg.
Chem. 1985, 24, 4180.
(2) Anderson, L. B.; Cotton, F. A.; Dunbar, K. R.; Falvello, L. R.; Price,
A. C.; Reid, A. H.; Walton, R. A. Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26, 2717.
(3) Fanwick, P. E.; Price, A. C.; Walton, R. A. Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26,
3920.
(4) Fanwick, P. E.; Price, A. C.; Walton, R. A. Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27,
2601.
(8) Wu, W.; Fanwick, P. E.; Walton, R. A. Organometallics 1997, 16,
1538.
(9) Ding, Y.; Kort, D. A.; Wu, W.; Fanwick, P. E.; Walton, R. A. J.
Organomet. Chem. 1999, 573, 87.
(10) Kuang, S.-M.; Fanwick, P. E.; Walton, R. A. Inorg. Chim. Acta 2000,
300-302, 434.
10.1021/ic010442r CCC: $20.00 © 2001 American Chemical Society
Published on Web 09/18/2001

Mixed-Metal Assemblies Containing Dirhenium Species
Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 40, No. 22, 2001 5683
Re2Cl4(µ-dppm)2 (7) toward the dicyanamide ([N(CN)2]-) and
tricyanomethanide ([C(CN)3]-) ligands. A preliminary report
has previously been communicated.11
Calcd for C124H100Cl8N4O4P8Pd2Re4S4 (i.e., 9‚2C6H6): C, 44.76; H, 3.03.
Found: C, 44.92; H, 2.97.
3. Synthesis of Re2Cl3(µ-dppE)2(CO)2[Ag(CN)2] (10). A solution
of K[Ag(CN)2] (20.0 mg, 0.1 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) was added to
a solution of 1 (136 mg, 0.10 mmol) in 40 mL of CH2Cl2. The mixture
was refluxed for 48 h and then filtered to remove insoluble products,
and the volume of the filtrate was reduced to ca. 3 mL before treatment
with an excess of diethyl ether (20 mL) to precipitate the title complex.
Yield: 96 mg (65%). Anal. Calcd for C56H44AgCl3N2O2P4Re2: C,
45.22; H, 2.98. Found: C, 44.26; H, 3.11.
When 1 was reacted with an excess of AgCN (10 equiv) with the
use of the same reaction conditions and workup procedure, the identical
product 10 was isolated on the basis of microanalytical data and its
spectroscopic and electrochemical properties. Yield: 61%. Anal.
Found: C, 45.54; H, 3.13.
4. Synthesis of Re2Cl3(µ-dppE)2(CO)2[(µ-NC)W(CO)5] (11). i.
Procedure A. A quantity of solid Et4N[W(CO)5(CN)] (48 mg, 0.10
mmol) and a quantity of TlO3SCF3 (35 mg, 0.10 mmol) were added to
a solution of 1 (136 mg, 0.10 mmol) in 40 mL of CH2Cl2. The mixture
was stirred at room temperature for 48 h and then filtered and the filtrate
evaporated to afford a brown-green solid that was recrystallized from
CH2Cl2/Et2O to give small green-brown crystals. Yield: 65 mg (39%).
Anal. Calcd for C60H44Cl3NO7P4Re2W: C, 42.96; H, 2.64. Found: C,
42.76; H, 3.01.
ii. Procedure B. A stoichiometric quantity of TlO3SCF3 (35 mg,
0.10 mmol) was added to a solution of 1 (136 mg, 0.10 mmol) in 40
mL of CH3CN. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 72 h
and filtered and the filtrate evaporated to give the yellow complex [Re2-
Cl3(µ-dppE)2(CO)2(NCMe)]O3SCF3 (90 mg). This product was dis-
solved in 30 mL of dichloromethane and the solution treated with
Et4N[W(CO)5(CN)] (29 mg, 0.06 mmol). The mixture was stirred at
room temperature for 24 h, and a workup similar to that described for
procedure A produced the title complex. Yield: 72 mg (43% based on
1).
5. Synthesis of [Re2Cl3(µ-dppE)2(CO)2{(µ-NC)Pt(CN)(CN-t-
Bu)2}]PF6 (12). Following the addition of TlPF6 (35 mg, 0.10 mmol)
to a solution of 1 (136 mg, 0.10 mmol) and trans-Pt(CN)2(CN-t-Bu)2
(41 mg, 0.10 mmol) in 80 mL of CH2Cl2, the mixture was stirred at
room temperature for 7 days and then filtered. The volume of the yellow
filtrate was reduced to ca. 3 mL, and then diethyl ether (20 mL) was
added to give a yellow powder that was washed with diethyl ether (3
× 5 mL). Yield: 73 mg (38%). Anal. Calcd for C66H62Cl3F6N4O2P5-
PtRe2: C, 42.58; H, 3.31. Found: C, 43.43; H, 3.66.
6. Synthesis of [Re2Cl3(µ-dppE)2(CO)2{(µ-N(CN)2)Rh(CO)-
(PPh3)2}]O3SCF3 (13). A mixture of 1 (136 mg, 0.10 mmol), trans-
Rh[N(CN)2](CO)(PPh3)2 (72 mg, 0.10 mmol), and TlO3SCF3 (35 mg,
0.10 mmol) in 80 mL of dichloromethane was stirred at room
temperature for 18 h and filtered and the yellow filtrate reduced in
volume to ca. 5 mL. The addition of 30 mL of diethyl ether produced
a brown precipitate that was filtered off, washed with diethyl ether (3
× 5 mL), and dried. Yield: 153 mg (70%). Anal. Calcd for C96H78-
Cl7F3N3O6P6Re2RhS (i.e., 13‚2CH2Cl2): C, 48.69; H, 3.32. Found: C,
47.79; H, 3.45.
7. Synthesis of Re2Cl3[N(CN)2](µ-dppE)2(CO)2 (14). A solution
of Na[N(CN)2] (9.0 mg, 0.10 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) was added to
a solution of 1 (136 mg, 0.10 mmol) in 40 mL of dichloromethane.
The mixture was refluxed for 24 h and then filtered. The volume of
the filtrate was reduced to ca. 3 mL, followed by treatment with diethyl
ether (20 mL) to precipitate a brown powder that was filtered off and
washed with methanol (2 × 5 mL) and diethyl ether (3 × 5 mL).
Yield: 92 mg (66%). Anal. Calcd for C56H44Cl3N3O2P4Re2: C, 48.26;
H, 3.18. Found: C, 48.06; H, 3.42.
8. Synthesis of Re2Cl3[C(CN)3](µ-dppE)2(CO)2 (15). The reaction
between a solution of K[C(CN)3] (13.0 mg, 0.10 mmol) in methanol
(5 mL) and a solution of 1 (136 mg, 0.10 mmol) in dichloromethane
(40 mL) was carried out for 18 h and then worked-up as described in
section A.7 to afford the title compound as a red powder. Yield: 118
mg (83%). Anal. Calcd for C58H44Cl3N3O2P4Re2: C, 49.14; H, 3.13.
Found: C, 48.34; H, 3.45.
Experimental Section
The dirhenium complexes Re2Cl4(µ-dppm)2,12 Re2Cl4(µ-dppm)2-
(CO),13 Re2Cl4(µ-dppm)2(CNXyl),14 Re2Cl4(µ-dppE)2(CO)2,10 Re2Cl4-
(µ-dppm)2(CO)2,13 Re2Cl4(µ-dppm)2(CO)(CNXyl) (ESBO isomer, I),15
and Re2Cl4(µ-dppm)2(CO)(CNXyl) (OBO isomer, II)6 were prepared
by standard literature procedures. Samples of Et4N[W(CO)5(CN)]16 and
17,18
trans-Pt(CN)2(CN-t-Bu)2
were obtained by the use of literature
methods, while trans-Rh[N(CN)2](CO)(PPh3)2 was prepared by the
reaction of trans-RhCl(CO)(PPh3)2 (69 mg) with Na[N(CN)2] (9 mg)
in a mixed methanol (10 mL)/dichloromethane (30 mL) solution. The
mixture was refluxed for 18 h, and the solvents were evaporated to
low volume to afford a yellow powder that was washed with diethyl
ether. The purity of the product was established by 31P{1H} NMR
spectroscopy (in CDCl3): doublet at δ ) +31.1 and +29.6 (J(Rh-P)
) 122.4 Hz). The reagents TlPF6, NaSCN, AgCN, K[Ag(CN)2], Na-
[N(CN)2], and K[C(CN)3] were purchased from commercial sources
(Aldrich Chemical Co., Strem Chemicals, or J. T. Baker Chemical Co.)
and used as received. The compound TlO3SCF3 was prepared by the
literature method.19 Solvents were obtained from commercial sources
and were deoxygenated by purging with dinitrogen prior to use. All
reactions were performed under an atmosphere of dinitrogen.
Routine IR spectra, NMR spectra, and cyclic voltammetric measure-
ments were determined as described previously.20 Elemental mi-
croanalyses were performed by Dr. H. D. Lee of the Purdue University
Microanalytical Laboratory.
CAUTION: Special precautions should be taken in handling
thallium(I) compounds, which are toxic.
A. Reactions of Re2Cl4(µ-dppE)2(CO)2 (1). 1. Synthesis of Re2Cl3-
(NCS)(µ-dppE)2(CO)2 (8). A solution of NaSCN (8.1 mg, 0.10 mmol)
in methanol (5 mL) was added to a solution of 1 (136 mg, 0.10 mmol)
in 30 mL of dichloromethane. The mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 4 h, during which time the reaction color changed from
yellow to green to red-brown. The resulting mixture was filtered to
remove insoluble materials, and the filtrate was removed under reduced
pressure to give a red-brown solid that was washed with methanol (2
× 3 mL) and diethyl ether (2 × 5 mL). Recrystallization from CH2-
Cl2/Et2O gave 8 as red-brown microcrystals. Yield: 106 mg (77%).
Anal. Calcd for C56H46Cl5NO2P4Re2S (i.e., 8‚CH2Cl2): C, 45.74; H,
3.15. Found: C, 46.22; H, 3.17. When an excess of NaSCN (5 equiv)
was used in this reaction, the same product was obtained.
2. Synthesis of [Re2Cl3(µ-dppE)2(CO)2(µ-NCS)]2Pd2(µ-SCN)(µ-
NCS)Cl2 (9). A solution of NaSCN (4.0 mg, 0.05 mmol) in methanol
(5 mL) was added to a mixture of 8 (69 mg, 0.05 mmol) and Pd(1,5-
COD)Cl2 (14 mg, 0.05 mmol) in 30 mL of dichloromethane. The
mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 h and filtered and the
volume of the filtrate reduced to ca. 3 mL. The addition of diethyl
ether (20 mL) afforded a yellow-brown precipitate of 9 that was filtered
off, washed with diethyl ether (20 mL), and dried. Recrystallization
from CH2Cl2/C6H6 gave brown crystals. Yield: 66 mg (84%). Anal.
(11) Kuang, S.-M.; Fanwick, P. E.; Walton, R. A. Inorg. Chem. 2000, 39,
2968.
(12) Cutler, A. R.; Derringer, D. R.; Fanwick, P. E.; Walton, R. A. J. Am.
Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 5024.
(13) Cotton, F. A.; Daniels, L. M.; Dunbar, K. R.; Falvello, L. R.; Tetrick,
S. M.; Walton, R. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 3524.
(14) Anderson, L. B.; Barder, T. J.; Esjornson, D.; Walton, R. A.; Bursten,
B. E. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1986, 2607.
(15) Cotton, F. A.; Dunbar, K. R.; Price, A. C.; Schwotzer, W.; Walton,
R. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 4843.
(16) Buchner, W.; Schenk, W. A. Inorg. Chem. 1984, 23, 132.
(17) Isir, H.; Mason, W. R. Inorg. Chem. 1975, 14, 913.
(18) Conder, H. L.; Cotton, F. A.; Falvello, L. R.; Han, S.; Walton, R. A.
Inorg. Chem. 1983, 22, 1887.
(19) Woodhouse, M. E.; Lewis, F. D.; Marks, T. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1982, 104, 5586.
B. Reaction of Re2Cl4(µ-dppm)2(CO)2 (2). Synthesis of Re2Cl3-
(µ-dppm)2(CO)2[(µ-NC)W(CO)5] (16). A procedure very similar to
(20) Wu, W.; Fanwick, P. E.; Walton, R. A. Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 5810.

5684 Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 40, No. 22, 2001
Kuang et al.
that described for dppE analogue 11 (procedure A in section A.4)
afforded this green-colored complex from the reaction among 2 (134
mg, 0.10 mmol), Et4N[W(CO)5(CN)] (35 mg, 0.10 mmol), and TlPF6
(35 mg, 0.10 mmol). The crude product was recrystallized by the vapor
diffusion between diisopropyl ether and a mixed 1,2-dichloroethane/
benzene solution of the complex. Yield: 56 mg (34%). Anal. Calcd
for C66H54Cl5NO7P4Re2W (i.e., 16‚C6H6‚C2H4Cl2): C, 43.30; H, 2.97.
Found: C, 43.07; H, 2.97.
C. Reactions of Re2Cl4(µ-dppm)2(CO)(CNXyl) (ESBO Isomer,
I) (3). 1. Synthesis of Re2Cl3[N(CN)2](µ-dppm)2(CO)(CNXyl) (17).
A procedure similar to that described in section A.7 was used in the
reaction between Na[N(CN)2] (9.0 mg, 0.10 mmol) and 3 (144 mg,
0.10 mmol). Yield: 92 mg (62%). Anal. Calcd for C62H53Cl3N4OP4-
Re2: C, 50.56; H, 3.63. Found: C, 50.00; H, 3.64.
2. Synthesis of Re2Cl3[C(CN)3](µ-dppm)2(CO)(CNXyl) (18). The
reaction of Na[C(CN)3] with 3 was carried out with the use of a
procedure similar to that described in section A.8. This compound was
obtained as brown crystals by the vapor diffusion of diisopropyl ether
into a mixed 1,2-dichloroethane/benzene solution of the crude product.
Yield: 75%. Anal. Calcd for C64H53Cl3N4OP4Re2: C, 51.36; H, 3.57.
Found: C, 52.13; H, 4.06.
G. Reactions of Re2Cl4(µ-dppm)2 (7). 1. Synthesis of Re2-
[N(CN)2]4(µ-dppm)2 (27). A quantity of 7 (128 mg, 0.10 mmol) was
added to a solution of Na[N(CN)2] (36 mg, 0.40 mmol) in methanol
(50 mL) and the reaction mixture stirred at room temperature for 48 h.
A green solid was obtained by filtration and washed with methanol (2
× 5 mL) and diethyl ether (2 × 5 mL). Yield: 103 mg (76%), assuming
1
the composition Re2[N(CN)2]4(µ-dppm)2(MeOH)2 as supported by H
NMR spectroscopy. This complex was recrystallized from Et2O/
HCONMe2 to afford crystals of composition Re2[N(CN)2]4(µ-dppm)2-
(DMF)2‚3DMF as shown by single-crystal X-ray crystallography.
Neither of these products gave satisfactory C and H microanalyses,
although both were pure as established by IR and NMR spectroscopies.
2. Synthesis of Re2[C(CN)3]4(µ-dppm)2 (28). The reaction between
7 (20 mg, 0.015 mmol) and K[C(CN)3] (8.7 mg, 0.068 mmol) in
methanol (10 mL) for 24 h at room temperature gave a brown-colored
mixture that was filtered, and the filtrate was evaporated to dryness.
The brown solid was washed with methanol (2 × 5 mL) and then diethyl
ether. Yield: 18.5 mg (82%). Like its dicyanamide analogue 27,
complex 28 did not give a satisfactory C and H microanalysis but was
judged pure on the basis of its spectroscopic properties.
H. Single-Crystal X-ray Crystallography. Single crystals of [Re2-
Cl3(µ-dppE)2(CO)2(µ-NCS)]2Pd2(µ-SCN)(µ-NCS)Cl2 (9) were grown
at room temperature by the slow evaporation of a solution in
dichloromethane/benzene (1:1). In the case of Re2Cl3[C(CN)3](µ-dppE)2-
(CO)2 (15), Re2Cl3(µ-dppm)2(CO)2[(µ-NC)W(CO)5] (16), and Re2Cl3-
[C(CN)3](µ-dppm)2(CO)(CNXyl) (OBO isomer) (20), crystals were
obtained by the slow diffusion of diisopropyl ether vapor into mixed
1,2-dichloroethane/benzene solutions of the complexes, while for Re2-
Cl3[C(CN)3](µ-dppm)2(CO)(CNXyl) (ESBO isomer) (18), Re2Cl3-
[C(CN)3](µ-dppm)2(CNXyl) (24), and Re2Cl2[C(CN)3]2(µ-dppm)2-
(CNXyl) (26), diisopropyl ether diffusion into solutions of these
complexes in mixed 1,2-dichloroethane/1,2-dichlorobenzene, 1,2-
dichloroethane, and mixed chloroform/benzene, respectively, was used.
Suitable single crystals of the complex Re2[N(CN)2]4(µ-dppm)2 (27)
were obtained by the vapor diffusion of diethyl ether into a solution of
the complex in HCONMe2(DMF) at room temperature. Subsequent
structure analysis showed that the single crystals chosen for the structure
analyses were of compositions 9‚10C6H6, 15‚C2H4Cl2, 16‚C6H6‚C2H4-
Cl2, 18‚0.436C2H4Cl2, 20‚C2H4Cl2, 24‚H2O, 26‚2CHCl3, and 27(DMF)2‚
3DMF.
D. Reactions of Re2Cl4(µ-dppm)2(CO)(CNXyl) (OBO Isomer, II)
(4). 1. Synthesis of Re2Cl3[N(CN)2](µ-dppm)2(CO)(CNXyl) (19). A
solution of Na[N(CN)2] (9.0 mg, 0.10 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) was
added to a stoichiometric quantity of 4 (144 mg, 0.10 mmol) in 40 mL
of dichloromethane. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for
24 h and filtered and the red filtrate evaporated to afford a red powder.
This solid was washed with methanol (2 × 5 mL) and diethyl ether (3
× 5 mL) and then dried. Yield: 96 mg (65%). Anal. Calcd for C62H53-
Cl3N4OP4Re2: C, 50.56; H, 3.63. Found: C, 50.42; H, 3.67.
2. Synthesis of Re2Cl3[C(CN)3](µ-dppm)2(CO)(CNXyl) (20). A
procedure similar to that described in section D.1, but with the use of
K[C(CN)3] (13.0 mg, 0.10 mmol) in place of Na[N(CN)2], afforded
the title complex. It was obtained in pure crystalline form by the vapor
diffusion of diisopropyl ether into a 1,2-dichloroethane solution of the
crude product. Yield: 118 mg (79%). Anal. Calcd for C64H53Cl3N4-
OP4Re2: C, 51.36; H, 3.57. Found: C, 51.70; H, 3.85.
E. Reactions of Re2Cl4(µ-dppm)2(CO) (5). 1. Synthesis of Re2Cl3-
[N(CN)2](µ-dppm)2(CO) (21). The reaction between 5 (131 mg, 0.10
mmol) and Na[N(CN)2] (9.0 mg, 0.10 mmol) was carried out with the
use of a procedure similar to that described in section D.1. Yield: 90
mg (67%). Anal. Calcd for C54.5H47Cl6N3OP4Re2 (i.e., 21‚1.5CH2Cl2):
C, 44.33; H, 3.24. Found: C, 44.32; H, 3.15.
2. Synthesis of Re2Cl3[C(CN)3](µ-dppm)2(CO) (22). The title
complex was obtained by the use of a procedure very similar to that
described in section E.1, but with K[C(CN)3] (13.0 mg, 0.10 mmol) in
place of Na[N(CN)2]. Yield: 96 mg (70%). Anal. Calcd for C55H44-
Cl3N3OP4Re2: C, 48.37; H, 3.25. Found: C, 47.68; H, 3.53.
F. Reactions of Re2Cl4(µ-dppm)2(CNXyl) (6). The reactions of 6
with Na[N(CN)2] and K[C(CN)3] were carried out with the use of
procedures essentially identical to those described in section D.1 except
that both 1:1 and 1:2 substituted complexes were obtained by adjusting
the appropriate stoichiometries of the reagents.
The crystals were mounted onto glass fibers in random orientations.
The data collections for all crystals, except those of compound 24, were
performed on a Nonius KappaCCD diffractometer. In the case of 24,
intensity data were collected on a Bruker Smart 1000 CCD at the
Department of Chemistry of the Chinese University of Hong Kong.
The crystallographic data for all eight compounds are given in Table
1.
The structures of 9, 15, 16, 18, 20, 26, and 27 were solved using
the structure solution program PATTY in DIRDIF92,21 while direct
methods were used to reveal the positions of the Re atoms in the
structure of 24. The remaining non-hydrogen atoms were located in
succeeding difference Fourier syntheses. The hydrogen atoms were
placed in calculated positions according to idealized geometries with
C-H ) 0.95 Å, and U(H) ) 1.3Ueq(C) for 9, 15, 16, 18, 20, 26, and
27 and U(H) ) 1.2Ueq(C) for 24. They were included in the refinement
but constrained to ride on the atom to which they were bonded.
Empirical absorption corrections were applied; SCALEPACK22 was
used in all cases except 24, for which the method of Kopfmann and
Huber23 was used. The structures were refined in full-matrix least-
1. Synthesis of Re2Cl3[N(CN)2](µ-dppm)2(CNXyl) (23). Yield:
73%. Anal. Calcd for C62H55Cl5N4P4Re2 (i.e., 23‚CH2Cl2): C, 48.68;
H, 3.62. Found: C, 49.22; H, 3.64.
2. Synthesis of Re2Cl3[C(CN)3](µ-dppm)2(CNXyl) (24). This
compound was recrystallized by the vapor diffusion of diisopropyl ether
into a 1,2-dichloroethene solution of the crude product. Yield: 75%.
Anal. Calcd for C65H57Cl5N4P4Re2 (i.e., 24‚C2H4Cl2): C, 49.85; H, 3.64.
Found: C, 49.82; H, 3.61.
2
2
squares, where the function minimized was ∑w(|Fo| - |Fc| )2 and the
2
weighting factor w was of the form w ) 1/[σ2(Fo ) + (AP)2 + BP],
2
where P ) (Fo + 2Fc2)/3. The final refinements were performed by
3. Synthesis of Re2Cl2[N(CN)2]2(µ-dppm)2(CNXyl) (25). Yield:
76%. Anal. Calcd for C63H53Cl2N7P4Re2: C, 51.29; H, 3.62. Found:
C, 50.45; H, 4.23.
the use of the program SHELXL-97.24 Carbon atoms C(4), C(113),
4. Synthesis of Re2Cl2[C(CN)3]2(µ-dppm)2(CNXyl) (26). This
compound was recrystallized by the vapor diffusion of diisopropyl ether
into a mixed chloroform/benzene solution of the crude product. Yield:
65%. Anal. Calcd for C69H55Cl8N7P4Re2 (i.e., 26‚2CHCl3): C, 47.03;
H, 3.15. Found: C, 47.74; H, 3.19. When a larger excess of K[C(CN)3]
(4.5 equiv) was used to perform this reaction, the same product was
obtained.
(21) Beurskens, P. T.; Admirall, G.; Beurskens, G.; Bosman, W. P.; Garcia-
Granda, S.; Gould, R. O.; Smits, J. M. M.; Smykalla, C. The DIRDIF92
Program System; Technical Report; Crystallography Laboratory,
University of Nijmegen: Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 1992.
(22) Otwinowski, Z.; Minor, W. Methods Enzymol. 1996, 276, 307.
(23) Kopfmann, G.; Huber, R. Acta Crystallogr. 1968, A24, 348.
(24) Sheldrick, G. M. SHELXL97. A Program for Crystal Structure
Refinement; University of Gottingen: Gottingen, Germany, 1997.

Mixed-Metal Assemblies Containing Dirhenium Species
Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 40, No. 22, 2001 5685
Table 1. Crystallographic Data for the Dirhenium Complexes of Composition [Re2Cl3(µ-dppE)2(CO)2(µ-NCS)]2Pd2(µ-SCN)(µ-NCS)Cl2·10C6H6
(9), Re2Cl3[C(CN)3](µ-dppE)2(CO)2·C2H4Cl2 (15), Re2Cl3(µ-dppm)2(CO)2[(µ-NC)W(CO)5]·C6H6·C2H4Cl2 (16),
Re2Cl3[C(CN)3](µ-dppm)2(CO)(CNXyl)·0.436C2H4Cl2 (18), Re2Cl3[C(CN)3](µ-dppm)2(CO)(CNXyl)·C2H4Cl2 (20),
Re2Cl3[C(CN)3](µ-dppm)2(CNXyl)·H2O (24), Re2Cl2[C(CN)3]2(µ-dppm)2(CNXyl)·2CHCl3 (26), and Re2[N(CN)2]4(µ-dppm)2(DMF)2·3DMF (27)
9
15
16
18
20
24
26
27
empirical
formula
fw
space group P21/c (no. 14)
a, Å
b, Å
c, Å
C
172H148Cl8N4O4- C60H48Cl5N3- C66H54Cl5-
C64.87H54.74
-
C66H57Cl5-
C63H55Cl3-
C69H55Cl8-
C73H79-
P8Pd2Re4S4 O2P4Re2 NO7P4Re2W
3952.39 1516.63 1830.58
P1h (no. 2) P21/n (no. 14) C2/c (no. 15)
Cl3.87N4OP4Re2
N OP4Re2
N OP4Re2
N P4Re2
N O5P4Re2
17
4
4
7
1539.96
1595.78
1486.82
1762.17
1770.85
P212121 (no. 19) Pna21 (no. 33) P21/n (no. 14) P1h (no. 2)
18.6374(5)
21.8098(5)
20.1559(6)
90
104.9915(13)
90
12.4307(14) 15.0095(3)
15.6295(14) 19.3976(5)
40.3280(8)
13.5887(3)
27.7616(4)
90
106.8915(12)
90
14557.1(9)
8
1.405
3.636
150
0.043
0.105
12.88650(10)
19.4144(4)
24.9646(4)
90
90
90
6245.7(3)
4
1.697
4.288
173
0.038
0.084
1.037
22.795(5)
15.442(3)
18.095(4)
90
90
90
6369.4(23)
4
1.565
4.068
293
0.060
0.136
1.007
14.3659(3)
28.2054(10)
17.5348(6)
90
100.5410(19) 104.735(4)
90
6985.1(7)
4
1.676
3.955
173
0.058
0.130
1.035
12.7110(5)
17.1115(8)
20.5011(10)
94.886(3)
18.061(2)
100.162(7)
90.857(5)
109.607(7)
3243.3(13)
2
22.8577(6)
90
95.5766(17)
90
6623.5(5)
4
R, deg
â, deg
γ, deg
V, Å3
Z
91.920(3)
4289.7(7)
2
1.371
2.983
173
0.059
0.151
1.048
7914.1(7)
2
F
calcd, g/cm3 1.658
1.553
4.125
173
1.836
5.817
295
µ, mm-1
temp, K
R(Fo)a
3.630
193
0.064
0.116
1.092
0.056
0.132
0.971
0.054
0.133
1.020
2
Rw(Fo )b
GOF
0.977
a R ) ∑||Fo| - |Fc||/∑|Fo| with Fo > 2σ(Fo ). b Rw ) [∑w(|Fo | - |Fc2|)2/∑w|Fo | ]1/2
.
2
2
2
2 2
C(114), C(115), C(223), and C(415) of 24 were refined isotropically
because of the relatively poor quality of the data collected. During the
course of the structure refinements of 9, 15, 16, 18, 20, 24, 26, and 27,
molecules from the recrystallization solvents were found to be
cocrystallized with the complexes in the asymmetric units. These were
included in the analyses and refined satisfactory. In the cases of 15,
18, and 27, another unidentified and badly disordered solvent molecule
was removed by the squeeze option in PLATON.25 For 20 and 24 the
absolute structures were determined by refinement. The enantiomers
chosen had absolute structure parameters of -0.005(6) and 0.02(2),
respectively. Non-hydrogen atoms were refined with anisotropic thermal
parameters.
The largest remaining peaks in the final difference maps of 9, 15,
16, 18, 20, 24, 26, and 27 were 1.36, 1.42, 2.04, 1.30, 1.22, 2.89, 2.17,
and 2.07 e/Å3, respectively.
Full structural data for the complexes are available as Supporting
Information. The key bond distances and angles are given in Figures
1-8.
A further aspect of the present study involved an examination
of the reactions of the complexes Re2Cl4(µ-dppm)2(L) (L ) CO
(5) or XylNC (6)), and of Re2Cl4(µ-dppm)2 (7), toward Na-
[N(CN)2] and K[C(CN)3]. These results are summarized in
Scheme 3, and the reaction products are listed in Table 2 (as
complexes 21-28), along with their important properties. The
significance of these reactions is that complexes 5-7 are
themselves the starting materials (or intermediates) in the
preparation of the bioctahedral complexes 2-4,6,13,15 so that this
seemed an opportune time to contrast the Re-Cl bond lability
in the entire set of dirhenium(II) dppm complexes 2-7.
Note that while compounds 8-15 all contain the dppE ligand,
compounds 16-28 contain dppm. This difference is one of
convenience in the availability of starting materials. Since prior
studies had established that there is no significant difference in
the chemistry of analogous dirhenium(II) complexes that contain
the dppE and dppm ligands,10,13,15 we believe that the types of
complexes obtained in the present study are independent of
whether dppE or dppm is used as the ancillary phosphine ligand.
Results and Discussion
The present study focused primarily on two aspects of the
reactivity of bioctahedral dirhenium(II) complexes of types I
and II discussed in the Introduction. First, the substitutional
lability of the chloro ligands of I and II toward monoanionic
ligands that are capable of bridging different metal centers was
investigated. Second, we explored the use of the resulting
substituted complexes to generate mixed-metal assemblies that
retain the multiply bonded dirhenium cores. The specific
dirhenium starting materials used were the ESBO complexes
(type I) Re2Cl4(µ-dppE)2(CO)2 (1),10 Re2Cl4(µ-dppm)2(CO)2
(2),13 and Re2Cl4(µ-dppm)2(CO)(CNXyl) (3),15 and the OBO
complex (type II) Re2Cl4(µ-dppm)2(CO)(CNXyl) (4).6 Com-
pound 4 is the only one of this type with the OBO structure
that is known. The compounds that are formed upon reacting
the bioctahedral complexes 1-4 with the thiocyanate- and
cyanide-containing reagents NaSCN, AgCN, K[Ag(CN)2], Et4N-
[W(CO)5(CN)], trans-Pt(CN)2(CN-t-Bu)2, trans-Rh[N(CN)2]-
(CO)(PPh3)2, Na[N(CN)2], and K[C(CN)3] are listed in Table
2 (they are denoted as 8-20), along with their important IR
and 31P{1H} NMR spectral properties and cyclic voltammetric
half-wave potentials. The reactions that lead to 8-20 are shown
in Schemes 1 and 2.
(a) Reactions with the Bioctahedral Dirhenium Complexes
1-4. The lability of one chloro ligand in 1-4 in the presence
of stoichiometric quantities of anionic or neutral thiocyanate-
and cyanide-containing reagents produces complexes that retain
the same basic structures as that of their precursors (Scheme
1). Certain of these reactions, namely, those producing 11-13
and 16, require the addition of 1 equiv of a thallium(I) reagent
(TlO3SCF3 or TlPF6) to enhance the labilization of this Cl ligand.
In all instances, the specific Cl ligand that is displaced is the
same one that is substituted by neutral CO, RNC, or RCN
ligands.1-10 An alternative means of preparing 11 utilizes the
acetonitrile-containing intermediate [Re2Cl3(µ-dppE)2(CO)2-
(NCMe)]O3SCF3, from which the labile nitrile ligand is readily
displaced by [W(CO)5CN]-.
The unsymmetrical nature of complexes 8-20 is confirmed
by the presence of AA′BB′ patterns in their 31P{1H} NMR
spectra (Table 2), and the IR spectra of these complexes show
that the bridging and/or terminal bonding modes of the CO and
XylNC ligands as present in 1-4 are very similar to those in
the products 8-20 (Table 2). The cyclic voltammetric (CV)
properties of the ESBO complexes 8-18, which differ from
those of the two OBO complexes 19 and 20, are similar to one
another (Table 2) and show the same pattern of redox processes
(25) Sluis, P. V. D.; Spek, A. L. Acta Crystallogr. 1990, A46, 194.

5686 Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 40, No. 22, 2001
Kuang et al.
Table 2. Selected Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Data for Dirhenium(II) Complexes Containing Bridging Phosphines
CV half-wave
potentials, Vc
compd
no.
IR, ν(CN) and ν(CO),
31P{1H} NMR,
chem shift, δb
E1/2
(red)(1)
E1/2
(red)(2)
complex
cm-1 a
E1/2(ox)
Re2Cl3(NCS)(µ-dppE)2(CO)2
[Re2Cl3(µ-dppE)2(CO)2(µ-NCS)]2-
Pd2(µ-SCN)(µ-NCS)Cl2
Re2Cl3(µ-dppE)2(CO)2[Ag(CN)2]
Re2Cl3(µ-dppE)2(CO)2[(µ-NC)W(CO)5]
[Re2Cl3(µ-dppE)2(CO)2{(µ-NC)Pt(CN)-
(CN-t-Bu)2}]PF6
[Re2Cl3(µ-dppE)2(CO)2{(µ-N(CN)2)Rh-
(CO)(PPh3)2}]O3SCF3
Re2Cl3[N(CN)2](µ-dppE)2(CO)2
Re2Cl3[C(CN)3](µ-dppE)2(CO)2
Re2Cl3(µ-dppm)2(CO)2[(µ-NC)W(CO)5] 16 2118 (w), 2053 (m), 1982 (m), 1920 (vs),
8
9
2081 (s), 1961 (s), 1729 (s)
2082 (s), 1964 (s), 1726 (m)
+12.7 (m), +1.1 (m) +0.96(70)
+12.5 (m), +0.9 (m) +0.93(60)
-0.45(60) -1.33(80)
-0.46(60) -1.34(80)
10 2170 (w), 2125 (w), 1976 (s), 1735 (m)
+13.9 (m), +1.9 (m) +1.34(100) -0.34(100) -1.32(160)
11 2118 (w), 2055 (m), 1970 (m), 1924 (vs), 1735 (m)d +17.1 (m),+4. 8 (m) +0.98f
-0.41(60) -1.31(80)
-0.25(70) -1.18(70)
12 2237 (m), 2177 (m), 2155 (m), 1980 (Vs), 1735 (m) +13.3 (m), +0.7 (m) ∼+1.4g
13 2209 (vs), 2170 (m), 1992 (vs), 1719 (m)d
+28.7 (d),e +13.0 (m), ∼+1.3f
-0.5(m)
-0.30(70) -1.27(100)
14 2296 (w), 2236 (m), 2173 (vs), 1974 (s), 1720 (m) +12.1 (m), -0.1 (m) +1.09(60)
15 2228 (w), 2176 (m), 1982 (s), 1719 (m)
-0.39(60) -1.30(70)
-0.30(60) -1.21(70)
-0.36(70) -1.26(130)
+12.8 (m), -0.4 (m) +1.13(70)
-6.0 (m), -19.3(m) +0.93(75)
1901 (m), 1735 (m)d
Re2Cl3[N(CN)2](µ-dppm)2(CO)(CNXyl) 17 2280 (m), 2221 (m), 2177 (s), 1670 (m)
Re2Cl3[C(CN)3](µ-dppm)2(CO)(CNXyl) 18 2229 (w), 2176 (s), 2118 (m), 1650 (m)
Re2Cl3[N(CN)2](µ-dppm)2(CO)(CNXyl) 19 2294 (w), 2230 (m), 2172 (vs), 2082 (s), 1962 (s)
Re2Cl3[C(CN)3](µ-dppm)2(CO)(CNXyl) 20 2185 (s), 2153 (vs), 2096 (s), 1961 (s)
-15.0 (m), -21.5 (m) +0.89(60)
-14.6 (m), -21.2 (m) +0.90(60)
-5.8 (m), -11.2 (m) +1.21(60)
-5.8 (m), -10.8 (m) +1.33f
-3.0 (m), -12.0 (m) +0.68(70)
-2.6 (m), -12.6 (m) +0.78(60)
-0.50(60) -1.37(70)
-0.48(70) -1.36(110)
-0.92h
-0.85h
Re2Cl3[N(CN)2](µ-dppm)2(CO)
Re2Cl3[C(CN)3](µ-dppm)2(CO)
Re2Cl3[N(CN)2](µ-dppm)2(CNXyl)
Re2Cl3[C(CN)3](µ-dppm)2(CNXyl)
Re2Cl2[N(CN)2]2(µ-dppm)2(CNXyl)
Re2Cl2[C(CN)3]2(µ-dppm)2(CNXyl)
Re2[N(CN)2]4(µ-dppm)2
21 2300 (w), 2229 (m), 2173 (vs), 1984 (s)
22 2171 (s), 2075 (m), 1991 (m-s)
23 2295 (w), 2229 (m), 2172 (vs), 2088 (s)
24 2229 (w), 2178 (vs), 2099 (s)
25 2294 (w), 2233 (m), 2174 (vs), 2097 (s)
26 2217 (w), 2176 (s), 2114 (m), 2065 (Vs)
27 2290 (m), 2229 (m), 2168 (vs)
-1.25h
-1.14h
-6.4 (s)
+0.45(70)i
+0.48(60)i
+0.69(70)
+1.01(60)
j
-1.56h
-5.9 (s)
-1.46h
-1.6 (m), -7.7 (m)
+0.1 (m), -8.5 (m)
-5.7 (s)
-1.39h
-1.15(80)
Re2[C(CN)3]4(µ-dppm)2
28 2221 (w), 2177 (s), 2161 (vs)
-8.1 (s)
j
a IR spectra recorded as KBr pellets. Abbreviations: vs ) very strong, s ) strong, m ) medium, w ) weak. Bands assigned to ν(CO) and ν(CN)
of the CO and XylNC ligands that were originally present in the starting materials 1-6 are shown in italics. Other bands are assigned to ν(CO) or
ν(CN) that originate from the thiocyanate- or cyanide-containing reagents that were reacted with 1-6. b NMR spectra recorded in CDCl3 solutions,
except for 8, 9, 11, 12 and 21 (recorded in CD2Cl2), and 27 and 28 (recorded in (CD3)2SO). Abbreviations: s ) singlet, d ) doublet, m ) multiplet.
For AA′BB′ patterns, the centers of the two multiplets are given. c Data are given for dirhenium-centered processes and are based upon single-scan
cyclic voltammograms (scan rate (ν) 200 mV/s) measured in 0.1 M TBAH/CH2Cl2 solutions at a Pt-bead electrode and referenced to the Ag/AgCl
electrode. Under our experimental conditions E1/2 ) +0.47 V for the ferrocenium/ferrocene couple. E1/2 values are for one-electron processes with
ip,a ) ip,c, and numbers in parentheses are the approximate values of ∆Ep () Ep,a - Ep,c) for the processes. d The ν(CO)t mode of CO that is bound
directly to the dirhenium core is overlapped by the ν(CO) modes of the other metal-containing fragment. e Doublet assigned to the two PPh3 ligands
f
h
bound to Rh (JRh-P ) 121.6 Hz). Ep,a value. g Poorly defined E1/2 value close to the solvent limit. Ep,c value. i This compound has a second
reversible one-electron oxidation at E1/2 ) +1.48 V (∆Ep ) 80 mV). j The cyclic voltammogram shows only broad poorly defined processes.
Scheme 1. Products from the Reactions of Complexes 1-4
with Monoanionic and Neutral Thiocyanate- and Cyanide-
Containing Ligandsa
Scheme 2. Reaction of 1 with NaSCN and Pd(COD)Cl2 To
Form Complexes 8 and 9
single-crystal X-ray structure determinations on complexes 9,
15, 16, 18, and 20. The ORTEP26 representations of these
structures are shown in Figures 1-5, along with the important
bond distances and angles. We shall next consider the individual
reactions in more detail.
a Reactions A: PP ) dppE; L ) CO; X ) NCS (8), Ag(CN)2 (10),
(NC)W(CO)5 (11), N(CN)2 (14), or C(CN)3 (15). PP ) dppm; L )
CO; X ) (NC)W(CO)5 (16); L ) XylNC; X ) N(CN)2 (17) or C(CN)3
(18). PP ) dppE; L ) CO; L′ ) (NC)Pt(CN)(CN-t-Bu)2 (12) or
[N(CN)2]Rh(CO)(PPh3)2 (13). Reactions B: PP ) dppm; X ) N(CN)2
(19) or C(CN)3 (20).
The reaction of NaSCN (1-5 equiv) with the dppE complex
1 in methanol affords red-brown crystals of the N-bound
as are observed in the CVs of the parent bioctahedral complexes
1-3.10,13,15 The conclusion that the reactions of 1-4 proceed
with retention of stereochemistry is born out by representative
(26) Johnson, C. K. ORTEP Report ORNL-5138; Oak Ridge National
Laboratory: Oak Ridge, TN, 1976.

Mixed-Metal Assemblies Containing Dirhenium Species
Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 40, No. 22, 2001 5687
Scheme 3. Products from the Reactions of Complexes 5-7
with the Monoanionic [N(CN)2]- and [C(CN)3]- Ligandsa
Figure 2. ORTEP26 representation of the structure of the dirhenium
complex Re2Cl3[C(CN)3](µ-dppE)2(CO)2 (15). The thermal ellipsoids
are drawn at the 50% probability level, except for the phenyl group
atoms of the dppE ligands, which are circles of arbitrary radius. Selected
bond distances (Å) and bond angles (deg) are as follows: Re(1)-Re-
(2) 2.5823(6), Re(1)-C(12) 1.957(11), Re(1)-N(1) 2.036(11), Re(1)-
Cl(1) 2.423(3), Re(1)-Cl(12) 2.454(3), Re(2)-C(21) 1.882(13), Re(2)-
C(12) 2.149(11), Re(2)-Cl(2) 2.420(3), Re(2)-Cl(12) 2.461(3), N(1)-
C(2) 1.156(13), C(2)-C(3) 1.373(17); Re(1)-C(12)-Re(2) 77.8(4),
Re(1)-Cl(12)-Re(2) 63.38(6), O(21)-C(21)-Re(2) 178.5(11), O(12)-
C(12)-Re(1) 145.4(9), O(12)-C(12)-Re(2) 136.8(9), C(2)-N(1)-
Re(1) 177.4(10), N(1)-C(2)-C(3) 176.8(14).
a In all instances PP ) dppm. Several of the complexes depicted in
this scheme have staggered or partially staggered rotational geometries
(see the text). This deviation from an eclipsed geometry is not shown
here. Reactions A: X ) N(CN)2 (27) or C(CN)3 (28). Reactions B: L
) CO; X ) N(CN)2 (21) or C(CN)3 (22). L ) XylNC; X ) N(CN)2
(23) or C(CN)3 (24). L ) XylNC; X ) N(CN)2 (25) or C(CN)3 (26).
Figure 3. ORTEP26 representation of the structure of the dirhenium
complex Re2Cl3(µ-dppm)2(CO)2[(µ-NC)W(CO)5] (16). The thermal
ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level except for the phenyl
group atoms of the dppm ligands, which are circles of arbitrary radius.
Selected bond distances (Å) and bond angles (deg) are as follows: Re-
(1)-Re(2) 2.5898(4), Re(1)-C(1) 1.896(9), Re(1)-C(12) 2.205(8), Re-
(1)-Cl(1) 2.410(2), Re(1)-Cl(12) 2.4638(19), Re(2)-C(12) 1.975(9),
Re(2)-N(31) 2.095(7), Re(2)-Cl(2) 2.428(2), Re(2)-Cl(12) 2.4564-
(19), W(3)-C(31) 2.181(9), W(3)-C(36) 1.998(12), W(3)-C(32)
2.001(13), N(31)-C(31) 1.123(11); Re(1)-C(12)-Re(2) 76.3(3), Re-
(1)-Cl(12)-Re(2) 63.52(5), O(1)-C(1)-Re(1) 178.3(8), O(12)-
C(12)-Re(1) 135.7(7), O(12)-C(12)-Re(2) 148.0(7), C(31)-N(31)-
Re(2) 167.1(8), N(31)-C(31)-W(3) 174.4(9).
Figure 1. ORTEP26 representation of the structure of the Re4Pd2 cluster
9. Thermal ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level except
for the phenyl group atoms of the dppE ligands, which are circles of
arbitrary radius. The molecule contains an inversion center which is
coincident with the center of the [Pd(µ-SCN)(µ-NCS)Pd] ring. Selected
bond distances (Å) and bond angles (deg) are as follows: Re(1)-Re-
(2) 2.5775(4), Re(1)-C(1) 1.915(10), Re(1)-C(12) 2.192(8), Re(1)-
Cl(1) 2.427(2), Re(1)-Cl(12) 2.4739(19), Re(2)-C(12) 1.973(9),
Re(2)-N(21) 2.064(7), Re(2)-Cl(2) 2.419(2), Re(2)-Cl(12) 2.4456-
(19), Pd(3)-N(31) 2.002(8), Pd(3)-Cl(3) 2.287(3), Pd(3)-S(33) 2.326-
(3), Pd(3)-S(23) 2.333(3), S(23)-C(22) 1.647(9), S(33)-C(32) 1.670-
(12), N(21)-C(22) 1.148(11), C(32)-N(31) 1.130(12); Re(1)-C(12)-
Re(2) 76.2(3), Re(1)-Cl(12)-Re(2) 63.19(5), O(1)-C(1)-Re(1)
178.3(8), O(12)-C(12)-Re(1) 136.6(6), O(12)-C(12)-Re(2) 147.2-
(7), C(22)-N(21)-Re(2) 171.1(7), C(22)-S(23)-Pd(3) 107.7(3),
C(32)-S(33)-Pd(3) 104.0(4), N(21)-C(22)-S(23) 175.2(8), N(31)-
C(32)-S(33) 179.2(10).
to complex a Pd atom in the assembly of this cluster, the
formation of which is represented in Scheme 2. The asymmetric
unit, which comprises half of the molecule with an inversion
center being coincident with the center of the [Pd2(µ-SCN)2]
core, also contains five benzene molecules, the carbon atoms
of which were refined anisotropically. A full representation of
the Re4Pd2 unit is shown in Figure 1. The Re-Re double bond
that is present in 1 (Re-Re ) 2.5748(5) Å)10 is retained in 9,
which has a Re-Re distance of 2.5775(4) Å. Overall the
structural parameters for the individual dirhenium units present
in 1 and 9 are very similar. In 9 there are two types of bridging
thiocyanato ligands present, and this leads to two different Pd-S
bonds; however, these distances are very similar (2.333(3) and
2.326(3) Å).
thiocyanate complex Re2Cl3(NCS)(µ-dppE)2(CO)2 (8) in high
yield. The structure of 8 was confirmed by X-ray crystallography
(Re-Re distance 2.58 Å), but poor crystal quality resulted in
an unsatisfactory structure refinement, with several of the carbon
atoms of the phenyl rings being nonpositive definite. However,
when this reaction is carried out in the presence of Pd(1,5-COD)-
Cl2 and an excess of NaSCN, the Re4Pd2 cluster 9 is formed in
ca. 85% yield. In the structure of 9 (Figure 1) the uncoordinated
sulfur of the N-bound thiocyanato ligand present in 8 is used
The mixed-metal complexes 10-13, all of which are believed
to be structurally similar to 8, were obtained upon the reaction

5688 Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 40, No. 22, 2001
Kuang et al.
We were unable to obtain the monocyanide complex Re2Cl3-
(µ-dppE)2(CO)2(CN), analogous to the thiocyanate complex 8,
by the reaction of either 1 or [Re2Cl3(µ-dppE)2(CO)2(NCMe)]-
O3SCF3 with NaCN or KCN.
While the structures of complexes 10-13 were not deter-
mined by X-ray crystallography, the structure of 11 must closely
resemble that of its dppm analogue 16, which was prepared by
a similar procedure (Scheme 1). The structure of 16 (Figure 3)
isdiscussedlater.Notethatthecoordinationofthe[W(CO)5(CN)]-
anion has been reported previously in the case of the quadruply
bonded complexes Re2(µ-O2CCMe3)4[NCW(CO)5]227 and trans-
[Mo2(µ-O2CMe)2(µ-Ph2PN(Me)PPh2)2[NCW(CO)5]2,28 but in
these compounds the [W(CO)5(CN)]- ligands are proposed to
be collinear with the M&M bonds. The spectroscopic and
electrochemical properties of 11 and 16 are strikingly similar
(Table 2). In addition to the dirhenium-based redox processes
listed in Table 2, both complexes show processes in their CVs
that are characteristic of the CN-coordinated [W(CO)5(CN)]-
ligand.27 For 11, a broad irreversible process at Ep,a ) +0.98
V (with Ep,c = +0.9 V) is followed by a reversible one-electron
oxidation at E1/2 ) +1.43 V (∆Ep ) 100 mV) close to the limit
of our measurements (+1.60 V). In the case of the CV of 16,
an irreversible oxidation at Ep,a ) +0.85 V that is again assigned
to the CN-bound [W(CO)(CN)]- ligand27 is clearly resolved
from a reversible dirhenium core oxidation at E1/2 ) +0.93 V.
These processes are followed by a less well-defined oxidation
at E1/2 = +1.4 V. On the basis of the CV data for 16, we
attribute the irreversible appearance of processes at ca. +0.95
V in the CV of 11 to the overlap of reversible and irreversible
oxidations that are associated with the dirhenium and tungsten
cores, respectively. Note that complexes 12 and 13 show strong
bands at 842 and 1271 cm-1, respectively, in their IR spectra
that confirm the presence of the [PF6]- and [O3SCF3]- anions.
Figure 4. ORTEP26 representation of the structure of the ESBO
isomeric form of the dirhenium complex Re2Cl3[C(CN)3](µ-dppm)2-
(CO)(CNXyl) (18). The thermal ellipsoids are drawn at the 50%
probability level except for the phenyl group atoms of the dppm ligands
and the xylyl group atoms of the XylNC ligand, which are circles of
arbitrary radius. Selected bond distances (Å) and bond angles (deg)
are as follows: Re(1)-Re(2) 2.5672(3), Re(1)-C(10) 1.975(6), Re-
(1)-C(30) 2.103(5), Re(1)-Cl(1) 2.4281(12), Re(1)-Cl(12) 2.4629-
(12), Re(2)-C(30) 1.990(5), Re(2)-N(21) 2.051(4), Re(2)-Cl(2)
2.4236(12), Re(2)-Cl(12) 2.4385(12), N(10)-C(10) 1.152(7), N(21)-
C(21) 1.141(7), C(20)-C(21) 1.399(8); Re(1)-C(30)-Re(2) 77.64-
(18), Re(1)-Cl(12)-Re(2) 63.17(3), O(20)-C(30)-Re(1) 139.3(4),
O(20)-C(30)-Re(2) 143.0(4), N(10)-C(10)-Re(1) 177.9(5), C(21)-
N(21)-Re(2) 174.2(4), N(21)-C(21)-C(20) 177.5(6).
The reactions of 1 with sodium dicyanamide (Na[N(CN)2])
and potassium tricyanomethanide (K[C(CN)3]) gave complexes
14 and 15 with ESBO structures, while the reaction of the dppm
analogue of 1 (i.e., 2) with Et4N[W(CO)5(CN)]16 produced
complex 16, which, as mentioned previously, is a close analogue
of 11 (vide supra). In all instances, the isolated complexes 10-
16 contain Lewis base donors that are believed to bind to the
dirhenium core through an essentially linear bridging cyanide
group. The crystal structures of complexes 15 and 16, both of
which confirm the presence of CN bridges, are shown in Figures
2 and 3.
Figure 5. ORTEP26 representation of the structure of the open OBO
isomeric form of the dirhenium complex Re2Cl3[C(CN)3](µ-dppm)2-
(CO)(CNXyl) (20). The thermal ellipsoids are drawn at the 50%
probability level except for the phenyl group atoms of the dppm ligands
and the xylyl group atoms of the XylNC ligand, which are circles of
arbitrary radius. Selected bond distances (Å) and bond angles (deg)
are as follows: Re(1)-Re(2) 2.3776(3), Re(1)-C(1) 1.907(7), Re(1)-
Cl(11) 2.4147(16), Re(1)-Cl(12) 2.5583(15), Re(2)-C(30) 1.999(6),
Re(2)-N(20) 2.094(5), Re(2)-Cl(2) 2.4735(15), N(20)-C(21) 1.166-
(8), N(30)-C(30) 1.177(8), C(21)-C(22) 1.365(10); Re(2)-Re(1)-
Cl(12) 158.69(4), Re(1)-Re(2)-Cl(2) 168.38(4), N(30)-C(30)-Re(2)
173.3(6), C(21)-N(20)-Re(2) 175.3(5), C(22)-C(21)-N(20) 174.9-
(8).
Both 15 and 16 contain dirhenium units that resemble those
present in 9 with Re-Re double bond distances of 2.5823(6)
and 2.5898(4) Å, respectively. Also, like 9, the µ-CO bridge in
these two complexes is unsymmetrical with Re-C distances
that differ by ca. 0.19-0.23 Å, the shorter distance involving
the Re atom that is bound to the cyanide-containing ligand.
These exact same structural features are found in the structures
of 9 (Figure 1) and the previously characterized propionitrile
complex [Re2Cl3(µ-dppm)2(CO)2(NCEt)]PF6.1 In the latter
complex,1 the Re-N distance is 2.03(2) Å, whereas the Re-N
distances in 15 and 16 are 2.036(11) and 2.095(7) Å, respec-
tively; the angles Re(1) -N(1)-C(2) for 15 and Re(2)-N(31)-
C(31) for 16 are 177.4(10)° and 167.1(8)°, respectively.
of the dppE complex 1 with the salts K[Ag(CN)2] and [(Et4N)W-
(CO)5(CN)],16 and with the neutral ligands trans-Pt(CN)2(CN-
17,18
t-Bu)2
and trans-Rh[N(CN)2](CO)(PPh3)2, the latter com-
pound being a new reagent.
The silver(I) cyanide complex 10 is also formed by the
reaction of 1 with an excess of AgCN. This reaction presumably
proceeds by the following stoichiometry:
(27) Kuhn, F. E.; Goncalves, I. S.; Lopes, A. D.; Lopes, J. P.; Romao, C.
C.; Wachter, W.; Mink, J.; Hajba, L.; Parola, A. J.; Pina, F.;
Sotomayor, J. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 1999, 295.
(28) Xue, W.-M.; Kuhn, F. E.; Zhang, G.; Herdtweck, E.; Raudaschl-Sieber,
G. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1999, 4103.
Re2Cl4(µ-dppE)2(CO)2 + 2AgCN f
Re2Cl3(µ-dppE)2(CO)2[Ag(CN)2] + AgCl

Mixed-Metal Assemblies Containing Dirhenium Species
Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 40, No. 22, 2001 5689
Preliminary studies of the reactions of complex 14, whose
structure is believed to be similar to that of 15 and can therefore
be expected to contain an uncoordinated CN group, show that
it reacts with 1 in the presence of an equivalent of TlO3SCF3
to afford the tetrarhenium complex {[Re2Cl3(µ-dppE)2(CO)2]2-
[µ-(NC)N(CN)]}O3SCF3 in which the dicyanamide ligand
bridges two identical dirhenium units. A preliminary X-ray
crystal structure determination has confirmed the structure of
the tetrarhenium unit. More detailed studies are now underway
to examine the ability of complexes 14 and 15, and others of
this type (vide infra), to serve as synthons in the assembly of
mixed-metal clusters, and the results of this study will be
reported in due course upon completion of the necessary
structural characterizations.
The substitution of the terminal Cl ligand of Re2Cl4(µ-dppE)2-
(CO)2 (1) by [N(CN)2]- and [C(CN)3]- prompted us to examine
the reactions of salts of these anions with the mixed CO/XylNC
complexes 3 and 4, which constitute an isomeric pair. Complex
3 has an ESBO structure similar to those of 1 and 2, while 4
has an OBO structure. These four reactions produced complexes
17-20, in which the Cl ligand that is substituted is the same
one previous studies1-10 had shown is the most labile (see
Scheme 1). The important spectroscopic and electrochemical
properties of these complexes, which are given in Table 2, show
similarities within the pairs 17/18 and 19/20. The single-crystal
X-ray structural characterizations of the pair of isomers 18 and
20 demonstrate conclusively that the stereochemistries of the
precursors 3 and 4 are retained (see Figures 4 and 5). The Re-
Re bond distances of 18 and 20 are 2.5672(2) and 2.3776(3)
Å, respectively; these values are in accord with the presence of
a Re-Re double bond in 18 and a Re-Re triple bond in 20,
and can be contrasted with Re-Re bond distances of 2.581(2)
Å in 115 and 2.378(3) Å in [Re2Cl3(µ-dppm)2(CO)(CNXyl)-
(NCCH3)]O3SCF3, respectively, the latter complex being a
structural analogue of 4 in which the same Cl ligand that is
displaced by [C(CN)3]- in forming 20 is substituted by
acetonitrile. The OBO complex 20 possesses a partially stag-
gered rotational geometry characterized by torsional angles
P(1)-Re(1)-Re(2)-P(2), P(3)-Re(1)-Re(2)-P(4), Cl(11)-
Re(1)-Re(2)-C(30), and C(1)-Re(1)-Re(2)-N(20) of 25.7°,
16.8°, 29.3°, and 26.4°, respectively. Just as we find that isomers
3 and 4 do not interconvert, neither do the isomeric tricya-
nomethanide complexes 18 and 20, or their dicyanamide
analogues 17 and 19.
Figure 6. ORTEP26 representation of the structure of the dirhenium
complex Re2Cl3[C(CN)3](µ-dppm)2(CNXyl) (24). The thermal ellipsoids
are drawn at the 50% probability level except for the phenyl group
atoms of the dppm ligands and the xylyl group atoms of the XylNC
ligands, which are circles of arbitrary radius. Selected bond distances
(Å) and bond angles (deg) are as follows: Re(1)-Re(2) 2.2766(10),
Re(1)-C(20) 2.02(2), Re(1)-N(1) 2.102(12), Re(1)-Cl(1) 2.541(5),
Re(2)-Cl(2) 2.355(5), Re(2)-Cl(3) 2.367(4), N(1)-C(1) 1.14(2),
N(20)-C(20) 1.18(2), C(1)-C(2) 1.39(3); Re(2)-Re(1)-Cl(1) 178.10-
(13), N(20)-C(20)-Re(1) 169(2), C(1)-N(1)-Re(1) 174(2), N(1)-
C(1)-C(2) 177(2).
Figure 7. ORTEP26 representation of the structure of the dirhenium
complex Re2Cl2[C(CN)3]2(µ-dppm)2(CNXyl) (26). The thermal el-
lipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level except for the phenyl
group atoms of the dppm ligands and the xylyl group atoms of the
XylNC ligands, which are circles of arbitrary radius. Selected bond
distances (Å) and bond angles (deg) are as follows: Re(1)-Re(2)
2.2856(5), Re(1)-N(1) 1.988(7), Re(1)-Cl(1) 2.357(2), Re(2)-C(20)
2.023(9), Re(2)-N(11) 2.105(8), Re(2)-Cl(2) 2.501(2), N(1)-C(2)
1.148(11), N(11)-C(12) 1.155(10), N(20)-C(20) 1.168(10), C(2)-
C(3) 1.386(13), C(12)-C(13) 1.375(13); Re(1)-Re(2)-Cl(2) 177.31-
(5), N(20)-C(20)-Re(2) 172.5(7), C(2)-N(1)-Re(1) 173.9(7), C(12)-
N(11)-Re(2) 169.3(7), N(1)-C(2)-C(3) 176.5(10), N(11)-C(12)-
C(13) 173.8(10).
(b) Reactions with the Coordinatively Unsaturated Dirhe-
nium Complexes Re2Cl4(µ-dppm)2(L) (L ) CO (5) or XylNC
(6)) and Re2Cl4(µ-dppm)2 (7). Complexes 5 and 6, which are
formed from 7,13,14 are known to be quite reactive toward
additional equivalents of organic π-acceptor ligands.2,5,6,13,14,20,29-31
In the present paper, we examine for the first time the
substitutional lability of 5 and 6 toward monoanionic ligands,
specifically through their reactions with the salts Na[N(CN)2]
and K[C(CN)3]. One or two Re-Cl bonds of 5 and 6 can be
substituted to afford complexes 21-26 as represented by
reactions B in Scheme 3. Each pair of complexes 21/22, 23/24,
and 25/26 shows very similar spectroscopic and electrochemical
properties (Table 2), implying that the structures of each pair
are similar. Note that the reactions of 5 with 2 equiv of Na-
[N(CN)2] and K[C(CN)3] failed to give the pure carbonyl
analogues of the isocyanide-containing complexes 25 and 26.
Single-crystal X-ray structure determinations were carried out
on the representative complexes Re2Cl3[C(CN)3](µ-dppm)2-
(CNXyl) (24) and Re2Cl2[C(CN)3]2(µ-dppm)2(CNXyl) (26).
Relevant structural information is provided in Figures 6 and 7.
The structures 24 and 26 are closely related with Re-Re triple
bond distances of 2.2766(10) and 2.2856(5) Å, respectively, and
similar partially staggered rotational geometries which are
characterized by values for the torsional angles P(1)-Re(1)-
Re(2)-P(2) and P(3)-Re(1)-Re(2)-P(4) of 24.6° and 25.0°,
respectively, in the case of 24, and 29.7° and 27.7°, respectively,
for 26. The two C(CN)3 ligands are bound to different Re atoms
in the structure 26 and have a syn disposition to one another.
The final pair of reactions we studied was that of Re2Cl4(µ-
dppm)2 (7) with Na[N(CN)2] and K[C(CN)3] (see reactions A
in Scheme 3). Both products (27 and 28) possess similar
(29) Anderson, L. B.; Barder, T. J.; Cotton, F. A.; Dunbar, K. R.; Falvello,
L. R.; Walton, R. A. Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 3629.
(30) Shih, K.-Y.; Fanwick, P. E.; Walton, R. A. Organometallics 1993,
12, 347.
(31) Kort, D. A.; Wu, W.; Fanwick, P. E.; Walton, R. A. Transition Met.
Chem. 1995, 20, 625.

5690 Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 40, No. 22, 2001
Kuang et al.
analogue (2.2874(5) Å),32 which contains two axially bound
water molecules. Also, like the latter complex, 27 assumes a
rotational geometry intermediate between those of fully eclipsed
and fully staggered conformations. This is shown by the
torsional angles P(1)-Re(1)-Re(2)-P(2), P(3)-Re(1)-Re(2)-
P(4), N(11)-Re(1)-Re(2)-N(31), and N(21)-Re(1)-Re(2)-
N(41), which are 15.2°, 11.7°, 20.0°, and 14.3°, respectively.
The axial DMF ligands, which are characterized by a ν(CO)
band at 1650 cm-1 in the IR spectrum of 27, do not undergo
exchange when this compound is reacted with ligands as
different as 4-methylpyridine and carbon monoxide.
(c) Concluding Remarks. The present study represents the
first in which ESBO and OBO multiply bonded dirhenium
complexes that contain a [Re2(µ-PP)2]4+ core (PP ) Ph2PC(d
CH2)PPh2 (dppE) or Ph2PCH2PPh2 (dppm)) have been incor-
porated into mixed-metal assemblies of the types Re2M2 and
Re2M′ (M ) Pd; M′ ) Ag, W, Pt, or Rh) in which M and M′
are bound to the Re2 cores through NCS- or CN-containing
linkages. The isolation of the complexes Re2Cl3(X)(µ-dppm)2-
(L) and Re2Cl2(X)2(µ-dppm)2(L), where X ) N(CN)2 or C(CN)3
and L ) CO or XylNC, as well as Re2[N(CN)2]4(µ-dppm)2 and
Re2[C(CN)3]4(µ-dppm)2 provides a range of starting materials
that can be used to access multidimensional arrays that contain
redox-active dirhenium units and may have interesting solid-
state properties. Such studies are currently underway in our
laboratory. In this context, we note that the first report has
recently appeared describing the use of [N(CN)2]- and [C(CN)3]-
as anionic linkers for constructing assemblies containing diru-
thenium(II,III) units.33 However, in these instances, diruthenium
acetate [Ru2(µ-O2CCH3)4]+ is linked into polymeric chains
through its axial coordination sites.
Figure 8. ORTEP26 representation of the structure of the dirhenium
complex Re2[N(CN)2]4(µ-dppm)2(DMF)2 (27). The thermal ellipsoids
are drawn at the 50% probability level except for the phenyl group
atoms of the dppm ligands, which are circles of arbitrary radius. Selected
bond distances (Å) and bond angles (deg) are as follows: Re(1)-Re-
(2) 2.2960(5), Re(1)-N(11) 2.042(8), Re(1)-N(21) 2.046(8), Re(1)-
O(101) 2.376(6), Re(2)-N(31) 2.039(8), Re(2)-N(41) 2.052(9),
Re(2)-O(201) 2.501(6), N(11)-C(12) 1.139(12), N(21)-C(22) 1.143-
(13), N(31)-C(32) 1.159(12), N(41)-C(42) 1.138(12); N(11)-Re(1)-
N(21) 162.7(3), N(31)-Re(2)-N(41) 160.1(3), C(12)-N(11)-Re(1)
173.0(8), C(22)-N(21)-Re(1) 175.7(9), C(32)-N(31)-Re(2) 178.6-
(7), C(42)-N(41)-Re(2) 179.3(8).
spectroscopic properties that accord with a single pure product
being formed in each case, but neither complex gave satisfactory
elemental microanalyses, presumably because of incomplete
combustion. However, the structure of 27 was established by
X-ray crystallography on a sample that was recrystallized from
DMF/diethyl ether. The crystals were of composition Re2-
[N(CN)2]4(µ-dppm)2(DMF)2‚3DMF, and the structure of this
dirhenium complex, which contains two axially bound DMF
ligands, was found to resemble that of the previously character-
ized complex Re2(NCBH3)4(µ-dppm)2(H2O)2.32 The structure
of 27 is shown in Figure 8. The Re-Re distance of 2.2960(5)
Å is almost the same as that found for its cyanotrihydroborato
Acknowledgment. R.A.W. thanks the John A. Leighty
Endowment Fund for support of this work.
Supporting Information Available: X-ray crystallographic files
in CIF format. This material is available free of charge via the Internet
at http://pubs.acs.org.
IC010442R
(32) Shih, K.-Y.; Fanwick, P. E.; Walton, R. A. Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30,
(33) Miyasaka, H.; Cle´rac, R.; Campos-Ferna´ndez, C. S.; Dunbar, K. R.
3971.
Inorg. Chem. 2001, 40, 1663.