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catalyst was used successfully for next four subsequent reactions
and exhibited consistent catalytic activity which indicated the
excellent reusability of this heterogeneous catalyst (Table 3). To
determine the degree of leaching of the metal from the heteroge-
neous catalyst, the catalyst was removed by filtration after the
reaction was completed and the palladium content of the filtrate
was determined by ICP. It was shown that less than 0.3% of the total
amount of the original palladium species was lost into solution
during the course of a reaction. This leaching level was negligible
which was also confirmed by the excellent recoverability and
reusability of this heterogeneous catalyst (Table 3).
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ꢀ
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4. Conclusions
In summary, we have reported a polymer-supported Schiff base
palladium complex which was efficiently used as a heterogeneous
catalyst for copper-free Sonogashira coupling reaction involving
various aryl halides in water medium. The catalyst shows not only
high catalytic activity, but also offers many practical advantages such
as thermal stability, and recyclability. The catalyst could use for five
consecutive cycles without a significant loss in its activity. The excel-
lent catalytic performance in water medium and the easy preparation
and separation of the catalyst make it a good heterogeneous system
and a useful alternative to other heterogeneous palladium catalysts.
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